Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society最新文献

{"title":"Psychometric validation of the NIH Toolbox for use with individuals with phenylketonuria: Evidence from the PHEFREE consortium longitudinal study.","authors":"Clarissa T Tardiff, Shawn E Christ, Desiree A White, Melissa M Dixon, Benjamin D Goodlett, Darren M Janzen, Matthew Kivel, Arianna Martin, Melissa S Sutcliffe, Cary O Harding","doi":"10.1017/S1355617726102264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617726102264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Recent advancements in the development of novel therapies to treat phenylketonuria (PKU) have fueled a call for new assessment tools that are sensitive to PKU-related neurocognitive disruptions. The present study evaluated the NIH Toolbox, a computer-administered battery of neurobehavioral measures, for assessing cognitive function in children and adults with early-treated PKU.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were examined from 91 individuals with PKU (aged 8-55 years) enrolled in an ongoing NIH-funded longitudinal study of hyperphenylalaninemia. Participants completed the NIH Toolbox as well as several validation instruments including the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-Second Edition, Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), and Conners' Continuous Performance Test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consistent with prior research, crystallized cognition was intact in both children and adults. In contrast, fluid cognition deficits were observed primarily in younger children while older children and adults generally performed within expectations. NIH Toolbox composite scores demonstrated strong concurrent validity with Wechsler indices and moderate correlations with other established measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The NIH Toolbox shows promise as a valid and practical measure of neurocognitive function in PKU, supporting its potential integration into clinical trials and research protocols. Future research should prioritize longitudinal designs to assess test-retest reliability, sensitivity to change, and subgroup differences related to treatment modalities. Ongoing efforts, such as the PHEFREE consortium, will be critical for establishing the NIH Toolbox as a robust outcome measure for PKU intervention studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal predictability enhances response inhibition in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).","authors":"Inga Korolczuk, Jennifer T Coull, Antonino Vallesi","doi":"10.1017/S1355617726102227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617726102227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Individuals with ADHD have difficulty providing precise estimates of time. Nevertheless, they may still be able to harness temporally predictable information to guide behavior and regulate action control. We therefore examined whether temporal cueing improves impulse control or, conversely, exacerbates impulsive tendencies, in adults with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults with ADHD and matched controls performed a temporally cued Simon task. Target onset time was either predictable or unpredictable, and lateralized responses were either compatible or incompatible with target location. Analysis of reaction time (RT) distributions allowed us to decompose impulsive behavior into two key elements: the initial urge to react impulsively and the top-down suppression of these impulses. Individual differences in attention and impulsivity were assessed using a Continuous Performance Test (CPT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Temporal cueing increased fast impulsive errors in both groups. However, temporal cues sped responses to compatible targets in controls but to incompatible targets in adults with ADHD. Distributional analyses revealed that although temporal predictability reduced inhibitory efficiency over time in controls, it actually improved the late-stage engagement of inhibitory processes in adults with ADHD. Furthermore, in the clinical group, greater RT variability in the CPT - reflecting attentional instability - was associated with larger cueing benefits, whereas higher CPT commission errors predicted weaker benefits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By compensating for endogenous deficits in action control, temporal cues facilitated top-down suppression of impulsive responses, particularly in individuals with high attentional instability. Our findings demonstrate that temporal predictability can act as a functional scaffold for inhibitory control in ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bigger between-language than within-language Stroop effects in young and older deaf American Sign Language-English bilinguals.","authors":"Sadie Camilliere, Karen Emmorey, Peter C Hauser, Jessica Contreras, Michael McKee, Tamar H Gollan","doi":"10.1017/S1355617726102203","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617726102203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study investigated Stroop interference effects in young adult and older deaf American Sign Language (ASL) and English bilinguals with ASL and English stimuli.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Deaf ASL-English bilinguals (n = 108; aged 21-88) signed their responses in two computerized Stroop tasks, one with ASL videos of color signs and one with printed English color words. Participants saw 120 trials in each language with 84 congruent and 36 incongruent trials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Even though participants responded in ASL in both tasks, Stroop effects were larger with English than with ASL stimuli in both response times (RTs) and errors, a pattern of results not typically seen in spoken-language bilinguals (in which Stroop effects are often smaller between-languages than within-languages). Older participants showed larger Stroop effects than younger participants, especially in English RTs. Aging effects in error rates were not significant in either language.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The finding of larger Stroop effects in deaf signers with English rather than ASL stimuli suggests a possibly critical role for modality of presentation in eliciting Stroop effects. Additional work is needed to determine why English is more sensitive to aging effects in deaf signers, and which language will be most sensitive for detecting cognitive impairment in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive outcomes following neurosurgery for frontal intracerebral tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Elisa Pellencin, Fabio Masina, Nicolò Castelli, Giovanni Carone, Alexa Schincariol, Cristina Scarpazza, Alessandro Perin, Konstantinos Priftis","doi":"10.1017/S135561772610215X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S135561772610215X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Neurosurgical resection of frontal lobe tumors poses specific challenges to the patients. Even when lesions involve the so-called \"non-eloquent\" areas, such as the prefrontal cortex, neurosurgery can still affect critical functions, because the prefrontal regions are essential for executive functions and other complex cognitive processes. The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature and quantitatively assess the impact of frontal lobe tumor resection on patients' cognitive functioning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, we synthesized data from 50 studies that included pre- and post-neurosurgery neuropsychological assessments. In addition, we conducted a meta-analysis of a subset of studies (<i>n</i> = 15) including sufficient data to quantitatively evaluate the cognitive effects of frontal lobe tumor resections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that cognitive performance, after neurosurgery, was not significantly changed compared to pre-neurosurgery performance. We also identified several limitations in the literature, including variability in neuropsychological assessment protocols, differences in follow-up time points, inconsistent reporting of baseline cognitive functioning, and underpowered sample sizes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In future studies, researchers should adopt standardized, comprehensive assessments, with well-powered cohorts and long-term follow-ups, to better characterize post-neurosurgical cognitive outcomes, including those regarding \"non-eloquent\" frontal regions. A multidisciplinary and harmonized approach remains crucial for understanding the cognitive impact of frontal lobe tumor neurosurgery and for improving patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linguistic features from paragraph recall are markers of cognitive impairment.","authors":"Seho Park, Nicole Roth, Megan Barker, Sanford Auerbach, Thomas T Perls, Stephanie Cosentino, Rhoda Au, David J Libon, Paola Sebastiani, Stacy L Andersen","doi":"10.1017/S1355617726102215","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617726102215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cognitive impairment is associated with language changes that emerge during verbal responses to neuropsychological assessments that traditional scoring does not capture. The current study investigated the utility of a linguistic analysis of paragraph recall responses for detecting cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Digital voice recordings of logical memory (LM) were available from 598 Long Life Family Study participants with normal cognition and 112 with cognitive impairment. Linguistic polyfeature scores for immediate (PFS-IR) and delayed recall (PFS-DR) were created from weighted sums of features associated with cognitive impairment. Logistic regression models assessed the predictive value of each PFS for classifying cognitive impairment. Repeated measures models with generalized estimating equations assessed whether PFSs predict cognitive screener performance over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve linguistic features and higher PFSs were associated with cognitive impairment (PFS-IR OR = 1.05; PFS-DR OR = 1.07). PFS-DR scores approximated the accuracy of traditional LM scoring (AUC-PR = 0.77 vs. 0.81, respectively). A higher PFS-DR was also associated with lower cognitive screener scores over an average of 7 years of follow-up (<i>β</i> = -0.08, 95% CI [-0.11, -0.06]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Quantification of linguistic features from paragraph recall identified distinct linguistic markers that reflect differences in learning, retention, and self-monitoring. Summary feature scores detected cognitive impairment and predicted lower cognitive performance over time. This approach has potential implications for automated testing, recording, and scoring pipelines allowing for implementation of gold-standard neuropsychological assessments in broader clinical and research settings. Further studies are needed to validate these findings across clinical and community-based populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13633043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of sports activity on cognition in nine- and ten-year-old children.","authors":"Alexander L Wallace, Bethany Forseth, Ryan M Sullivan, Natasha E Wade, Elizabeth A Stinson, Krista M Lisdahl","doi":"10.1017/S1355617726102239","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617726102239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Engagement in sports is associated with cognitive and academic functioning in youth. However, heterogenous methodology has resulted in mixed findings across the literature. We propose a new method for investigating how sports activity may affect cognition through metabolic equivalents (MET)-minutes per week during sports engagement and compare it against total number of sports engaged.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, 9,973 children between the ages of 9 and 10 years old were included. Parent report of children's engagement in sports over the past year were utilized to calculate total MET-minutes per week. Youth participants completed the National Institutes of Health Toolbox. Generalized Additive Mixed Models were run to examine the relationship between MET-minutes on cognition, while controlling for Body Mass Index. The contribution of MET-minutes compared to total count of sports on cognitive performance were compared using Akaike Information Criterion values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both total MET-minutes per week and past-year total sports were non-linearly associated with increased performance on multiple tasks of executive functioning and decreased expressive vocabulary. MET-minutes were shown to contribute more robustly to models of cognition than total number of sports.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Past year MET-minutes per week was associated with increased cognitive performance, particularly in the domain of executive functioning, and was more sensitive to differences in cognition in contrast to total sports engagement. Indicating that greater measurement sensitivity for physical activity may increase predictive power on cognitive performance outcomes. Our findings provide more support for increasing physical activity in youth to promote cognitive trajectories.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex needs, overlooked anxiety: A narrative review of neuropsychological assessment and treatment of anxiety in children with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and intellectual developmental disorder.","authors":"Kalliopi Megari, Kremena Dinkova Genova","doi":"10.1017/S1355617726102185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617726102185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Recent studies indicate that anxiety is one of the most prevalent mental health challenges faced by children and adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For young individuals with concurrent Intellectual disability disorder, these rates are projected to be significantly elevated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite the estimated high prevalence of anxiety among young individuals with co-occurring ASD and intellectual developmental disorder (IDD), significant uncertainty remains in the field about the most effective methods for identifying, diagnosing, and treating anxiety in this distinct group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The main objective of this narrative review is to examine the current literature on effective strategies and adjustments for evaluating and treating anxiety in children and adolescents who have co-occurring ASD and IDD, aiming to support professionals engaged with this significantly neglected group.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital tools for assessing attention and executive functions in adults: a systematic review of validity and accessibility.","authors":"Vincenzo Livoti, Matteo Vitacca, Mario Bonato","doi":"10.1017/S1355617726102197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617726102197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Digital testing is being regularly used in neuropsychological research. However, critical questions remain regarding its psychometric robustness, availability, and usability, potentially limiting its clinical impact.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review focused on the characteristics of digital tools for assessing attention and executive functions (EFs), two cognitive domains particularly suitable for being digitally tested. A systematic search was performed across three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase). We only included studies performed on adults with validated tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 2,583 identified records, 236 studies met the inclusion criteria. From those, we extracted information about 107 distinct digital tools, ranging from computerized versions of traditional paper-and-pencil tests to emerging technologies such as virtual reality and eye-tracking hybrid systems. Most tools were administered in person (85%), while only 12% involved remote unsupervised assessment. Information on licensing, normative data, or source code availability was reported for approximately one-third of tools (34.9%). Most operated under paid licensing models, and only 6.5% were freely accessible. Only one had also source code available.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Several tools are available for assessing attention and EFs; however, most are not widely used. We discuss an imbalance between accessibility and validity whereby standardized batteries are often commercial and not necessarily more validated than less commonly adopted free-access tools. The limited validation of emerging technologies currently prevents their broader implementation. Overall, distinct digital tools offer complementary strengths rather than a single optimal solution. More standardized validation approaches and broader adoption of Open Science practices might support their integration into routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Stroop Color-Word Test - Short Form (SCWT-SF): Updated norms and validity in an Italian population sample.","authors":"Paolo Caffarra, Thomas Rasi, Edoardo Nicolò Aiello, Francesca Frisco, Giulia De Luca, Beatrice Curti, Arianna Moreschi, Aurora Corso, Teresa Difonzo, Lorenzo Lorusso, Anna Formenti, Antonio Tetto, Elisa Di Rosa, Barbara Poletti, Nadia Bolognini, Stefano Zago","doi":"10.1017/S1355617726102148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617726102148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>More than two decades ago, normative data for two interference indices (Error Interference Effect, EIE; Time Interference Effect, TIE) from a short form of the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT-SF) were established in Italy. The present study aimed to update the normative data for the Italian SCWT-SF by extending the assessment beyond interference indices to include completion times and error counts across the three task conditions, namely Word Reading (W), Color Naming (C), and Color-Word Interference (CW), and to provide evidence supporting its construct validity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>N</i> = 317 healthy adults (195 females; age: 62.79 ± 11.97 years, <i>range</i> = 40-89; education 13.17 ± 4.03 years, <i>range</i> = 5-23) completed the SCWT-SF (3 color; 30 items <i>per</i> condition) and a test battery assessing processing speed (Psychomotor Speed Test; Trail-Making Test - Part A) and executive functioning (EF) (Saccade and Antisaccade Test; Digit Ordering Test; Trail-Making Test - Part B). Norms were derived for each SCWT-SF measure using the Equivalent Score method. Correlational analyses explored construct validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Older age and lower education negatively affected SCWT-SF scores. Female sex was associated with lower completion times on C condition. No predictors emerged for errors in W condition. Word-reading and color-naming outcomes were associated with measures of processing speed, while the CW condition and interference indices with tests of inhibitory control, working memory, and set-shifting.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We provided updated, regression-based normative data for the Italian SCWT-SF, encompassing individual scores across its three conditions and the original interference indices, and evidence supporting its convergent validity with measures of processing speed and EF.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive function and recovery during the first 6 months following pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: An A-CAP study.","authors":"Michael A Lee, Keith Owen Yeates, Miriam H Beauchamp, Brian L Brooks, William Craig, Quynh Doan, Roger Zemek, Ashley L Ware","doi":"10.1017/S1355617726102124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617726102124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This prospective, longitudinal cohort study investigated cognitive functioning acutely and up to 6 months after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) relative to orthopedic injury (OI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children age 8-17 years with acute (≤48 hours) mTBI or OI were consecutively recruited from five pediatric Emergency Departments. Acute Predicting and Preventing Postconcussive Problems in Pediatrics (5P) clinical risk scores were calculated. Children completed three CNS Vital Signs computerized cognitive battery subtests acutely (≤48 hours) and at 7 days, 3 months, and 6 months post-injury, and performance validity testing at all post-acute assessments. Generalized least squares models were fitted for Reaction Time, Visual Memory, and Executive Function standard scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For children (<i>N</i> = 841; 556 mTBI/285 OI; 12.45 ± 2.41 years; 57.91% male; 68.13% White) with valid performance validity and cognitive test scores, Reaction Time was lower after mTBI relative to OI for older (but not younger) children; differences declined in magnitude from acutely (<i>d</i> = -1.11) to 6 months (<i>d</i> = -0.21). Visual Memory was mildly lower across time after mTBI (<i>d</i> = -0.20). Odds of clinically impaired (standard score < 80) Reaction Time were higher acutely and post-acutely after mTBI for older children (<i>OR</i> = 51.33 to 8.01), but did not differ by group for Visual Memory or Executive Function. 5P clinical risk scores did not predict cognitive scores after mTBI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pediatric mTBI negatively impacts cognition, especially for reaction time, ≤48 hours post-injury and among adolescents. Early cognitive dysfunction persists up to 6 months after mTBI in some children.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}