Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society最新文献

{"title":"Area deprivation index association with estimation of preinjury functioning in children with acquired brain injury.","authors":"Mary U Simons, Paige Naylor, Jesse Jenson, Michelle Loman, Elisabeth Vogt","doi":"10.1017/S1355617726101891","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617726101891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Assessment for children with acquired brain injury (ABI) often includes measures of preinjury functioning; however, there is limited understanding of how social determinants of health (SDOH) are associated with preinjury measures. This study investigated the association of the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) with measures of preinjury functioning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>196 caregivers of children with ABI completed the Adaptive Behavioral Assessment System-3rd Edition (ABAS-III), and 188 children with ABI completed the Wide Range Achievement Testing-4th Edition or 5th Edition word reading subtest (WRAT-Word Reading). Two linear regressions were performed: 1) ADI × WRAT-Reading and 2) ADI × ABAS-III.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ADI demonstrated significant associations with the ABAS-III and WRAT-Reading scores. Children in lower deprivation areas demonstrated higher preinjury functioning and word reading scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings have implications for recovery from brain injury, considerations for incorporating social determinants of health into neuropsychological evaluations, and implications for clinician interpretation of a child's testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"289-293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147678244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric modeling of Boston process approach data for dementia prediction in the Framingham Heart Study.","authors":"Brandon Frank, Ashita Gurnani, Landon Hurley, Calvin Guan, Stacy L Andersen, Sherral A Devine, Maureen K O'Connor, Andrew Budson, Chunyu Liu, Honghuang Lin, Sanford Auerbach, Yulin Liu, David J Libon, Catherine C Price, Lindsay Farrer, Jesse Mez, Alvin Ang, Rhoda Au","doi":"10.1017/S1355617726101921","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617726101921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Neuropsychological (NP) tests are multi-domain in execution. Reliance on a single score representing specific domains obscures the detection of subtle cognitive changes and increases risk of inaccurate assessment. Rooted in the Boston Process Approach (BPA), the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) captures multi-dimensional errors and process features within and across NP tests. We examined these BPA variables in community-dwelling older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 2363 dementia-free participants aged 60 and above. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses used Kemeny covariance structures. Measurement invariance was estimated across age, sex, and education groups. We assessed the impact of demographics on latent factors, and the ability of these factors to predict future conversion to all-cause dementia. We trained machine learning (ML) models to compare NP and BPA data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants were older adults (mean age 71.5 ± 8.7 years), primarily female (54.2%), and non-Hispanic White (96.5%). The bifactor model was the only model with adequate fit (CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.03). General and specific factors captured ability for accurate and strategic responses, test-specific variance, and nuanced executive and semantic processes distributed across tests. Higher general ability and stronger verbatim story recall were associated with a reduced likelihood of developing all-cause dementia (general: OR = 0.15, 95% CI [0.12-0.86]; recall: OR = 0.24, 95% CI [0.23-0.90]) over a median of 5.2 years. With NP/BPA data, ML models identified >99% of 222 converters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the strengths of NP/BPA data. Multidimensional cognitive features may enhance sensitivity to early changes predictive of incipient dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"243-254"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147678191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered functional connectivity is associated with Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status across the dementia spectrum.","authors":"Jace B King, Molly B D Prigge, Vincent Koppelmans, John M Hoffman, Kevin Duff","doi":"10.1017/S135561772610191X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S135561772610191X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The quest for non-invasive and cost-effective biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has led to growing interest in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study examined associations between whole-brain functional connectivity measures and cognitive performance across a spectrum of cognitive aging.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 108 older adults (mean age 74.1 ± 5.7 years), comprised of cognitively intact individuals, participants with amnestic MCI, and those with mild dementia due to probable AD, underwent high-resolution structural MRI and resting-state functional MRI scans and cognitive testing with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Functional connectivity values were derived from a 17-network brain parcellation. Correlations were established between network connectivity values and RBANS Index scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyses revealed that lower RBANS Attention Index and Total Scale scores were significantly associated with increased connectivity between the ventral attention, central executive network, and limbic and default mode networks. Lower RBANS total scores were also associated with functional connectivity strength between the dorsal default mode networks and lateral frontoparietal regions of the central executive network, with increased connectivity observed across the dementia spectrum (Intact-MCI-AD).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that aberrant and potentially compensatory increases in functional connectivity may be linked to cognitive decline, supporting the utility of resting-state functional MRI as a promising biomarker for MCI and AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"255-266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13061410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a global standard for labeling neuropsychological test scores? Lessons learned from the Netherlands and Belgium (Flanders).","authors":"Roy P C Kessels, Anne M Buunk, Noortje Hermans, Gudrun M S Nys, Esther van den Berg, Marc P H Hendriks","doi":"10.1017/S1355617726101908","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617726101908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2020, the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (AACN) published consensus labels for the uniform description of normally distributed test results in the field of clinical neuropsychology. These consensus labels were developed in a North American context, but other countries have also struggled with the challenges of harmonizing verbal descriptive labels in neuropsychological reports. A recent effort in Norway has demonstrated that literal translations of the AACN labels do not always work in a different language and culture. Also, verbal labels may not be unequivocally understandable for patients, their significant others, and other healthcare professionals who refer patients for neuropsychological services. In this Commentary, we illustrate the process of coming to uniform descriptions for normally distributed test results for the Dutch language, spoken primarily in the Netherlands, the Flanders part of Belgium, the Dutch Caribbean, and Suriname. We also highlight the hurdles that need to be overcome to establish a global consensus.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"294-299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-emotional well-being is associated with cognitive function and informant-rated cognitive decline: Results from the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol in Europe.","authors":"Martina Luchetti, Antonio Terracciano, Selin Karakose, Damaris Aschwanden, Yannick Stephan, André Hajek, Angelina R Sutin","doi":"10.1017/S1355617726101933","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617726101933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines how multiple dimensions of socio-emotional well-being relate to cognitive functioning in older adults, and whether the associations vary by cognitive status, depression, and socio-demographic factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (<i>n</i> = 2,650; mean age = 76; 54.5% females) were used to test associations between life satisfaction, meaning in life, social connectedness, and loneliness with global, domain-specific cognitive performance, and informant-rated cognitive decline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear mixed models, with individuals nested within five countries, found that higher life satisfaction, meaning in life, and social connectedness were associated with better cognitive outcomes, whereas greater loneliness was associated with worse performance and greater informant-rated decline. The largest effect sizes were observed for meaning in life (median <i>β</i> = .10) and loneliness (median <i>β</i> = -.09) across cognitive measures. The associations generally remained significant adjusting for well-known clinical (e.g., diabetes), behavioral (e.g., physical inactivity), and psychological (depressive symptomatology) risk factors for dementia. Moderation and sensitivity analyses suggested that associations with global cognition hinged on the inclusion of participants classified with cognitive impairment, while some domain-specific associations (e.g., loneliness and episodic memory) were observed only in individuals without cognitive impairment. Overall, evidence for moderation by cognitive status, depression and age was limited, and no moderation was observed for sex or education.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results underscore the importance of socio-emotional well-being in cognitive aging and highlight the need for longitudinal research to clarify mechanistic pathways and inform targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"232-242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147534238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A normative study of the free and cued selective reminding test in Mandarin-speaking adults in Taiwan.","authors":"Wan-Chien Lu, Ming-Shan Tsai, Shih-Hsiu Huang, Hai-Hua Lee, Jung-Lung Hsu, Yu-Ling Chang","doi":"10.1017/S1355617726101957","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617726101957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Episodic memory decline is among the earliest and most prominent cognitive changes observed in both normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) enhances differentiation of memory deficits through controlled semantic encoding and cue-based retrieval. However, culturally appropriate normative data for Mandarin-speaking adult populations have been lacking. This study aimed to establish normative data for the Taiwan version of the FCSRT (T-FCSRT), examine demographic effects on test performance, and evaluate its psychometric properties and clinical applicability.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 372 cognitively healthy adults aged 45-86 years were recruited using stratified sampling to reflect the Taiwanese population across sex, age, and education levels. Participants completed the T-FCSRT, and regression-based analyses were used to adjust for demographic effects. Reliability and validity were assessed using test-retest data and correlations with established neuropsychological measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All T-FCSRT core indices were significantly influenced by age and education level, whereas sex effects were confined to immediate and delayed free-recall measures. The T-FCSRT demonstrated good test-retest reliability, criterion-related and construct validity, and regression-based percentile norms that provide population-representative benchmarks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The T-FCSRT demonstrates strong psychometric properties and provides culturally appropriate normative data for Mandarin-speaking adults in Taiwan. These findings support its utility for clinical assessment and research on episodic memory, enabling more accurate differentiation between normal and pathological aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"277-288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing anomia across cultures and languages: A head-to-head comparison of abbreviated versions of the Copenhagen Cross-Linguistic Naming Test and Naming Assessment in Multicultural Europe in a multicultural memory clinic population.","authors":"Sofie Krogh Larsen, Sanne Franzen, Alfonso Delgado-Álvarez, Alvaro Lozano-Ruiz, Maria Özden, Juliette Palisson, Naaheed Mukadam, T Rune Nielsen","doi":"10.1017/S135561772610188X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S135561772610188X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to make a head-to-head comparison of the diagnostic accuracy and cross-cultural applicability of abbreviated 20-item versions of the Copenhagen Cross-Linguistic Naming Test (C-CLNT20) and Naming Assessment in Multicultural Europe (NAME20).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study was conducted in a multicultural and multilingual patient sample from memory clinics across five European countries. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of C-CLNT20 and NAME20 in classifying dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of demographic and cultural factors on diagnostic accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>C-CLNT20 and NAME20 showed acceptable diagnostic accuracy for dementia with areas under the curve (AUC) of .75 and .82, respectively, but had low accuracy for MCI (AUC of .64 and .62, respectively). Compared to C-CLNT20, NAME20 had slightly higher, but statistically non-significant, AUCs for dementia in both in the full sample and in participants with immigrant background. The diagnostic accuracy of the C-CLNT20 and NAME20 was not significantly influenced by education and immigrant status in the full sample, or by acculturation and use of an interpreter in participants with immigrant background.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both C-CLNT20 and NAME20 are promising brief alternatives to the full versions of the naming tests when time is limited. They also present a promising alternative to other established naming tests by maintaining diagnostic accuracy while showing minimal cross-cultural and cross-linguistic bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"267-276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurocognitive outcomes in survivors of ALL: Risk patterns and individual profiles in a single-protocol cohort.","authors":"Barbara Johanne Thomas Nordhjem, Liv Andrés-Jensen, Kristian Mielke Christensen, Marianne Helenius, Birthe Lykke Thomsen, Ingrid Tonning Olsson, Hanne Bækgaard Larsen, Lisa Lyngsie Hjalgrim","doi":"10.1017/S1355617726101829","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617726101829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Increasing survival probabilities among children and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have led to a growing population at risk for long-term neurocognitive sequelae. This study investigated cognitive functioning among individuals treated for ALL under the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology ALL2008 protocol in Eastern Denmark, including performance across multiple domains and associations with age at diagnosis, sex, time since end of treatment, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and neurotoxic events during treatment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eighty-three survivors of ALL diagnosed before age 25 underwent neurocognitive testing at a median of 7.24 years post-treatment (interquartile range: 4.20-8.78). Performance was measured as age-standardized <i>Z</i> scores derived from normative data. Impairment was defined as <i>Z</i> ≤ -1.3 and severe impairment as <i>Z</i> ≤ -2.0. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate associations between cognitive outcomes and clinical risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average performance was generally comparable to norms, but at least 38.6% of participants showed severe impairment in one or more domains, and at least 12% in two or more. Younger age at diagnosis was associated with poorer processing speed, executive functions, and non-verbal reasoning, while HSCT was associated with poorer processing speed and non-verbal reasoning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although average performance of the participants was generally comparable to norms, a notable proportion exhibited multi-domain, severe cognitive impairment. Associations with age at diagnosis and HSCT indicate potential for risk-stratified cognitive monitoring and targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"147-158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying key potential outcomes of neuropsychological assessment: An Australian expert consensus study.","authors":"Dana Wong, Sai-Priya Paladee, Joanne Wrench, Brian Long, Diana Perre, Leonie C Simpson, Felicity Klopper, Lily Watson, Thomas Goodwin, Kelly Allott","doi":"10.1017/S1355617725101793","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617725101793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Within resource-limited health care, it is important to demonstrate the value and impact of neuropsychological assessment (NPA) services. However, the most suitable methods for capturing these outcomes are yet to be established. We aimed to identify key potential outcomes of NPA, existing measures of these outcomes, and issues and challenges associated with outcome measurement.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Focus groups of experienced Australian neuropsychologists discussed possible NPA outcomes, existing measures, and challenges of outcome measurement, analyzed using thematic analysis. The Delphi method of expert consensus was then used to identify the most important set of NPA outcomes, using iterative survey rounds with expert panelists. Panelists also rated the top three outcomes most likely to demonstrate the impact of NPA in trials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 50 potential NPA outcomes generated by the focus groups, spanning proximal and distal patient, caregiver, health service, and societal domains. Numerous issues and challenges were identified associated with meaningfully measuring NPA outcomes. After three Delphi survey rounds (<i>n</i> = 46), a total of 16 outcomes achieved consensus agreement. Few existing validated measures were identified. The top three rated outcomes were 1) better patient and/or caregiver understanding of presenting problems, 2) better patient and/or caregiver understanding of how to manage and cope with cognitive symptoms, and 3) diagnostic clarification.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psychoeducational benefits of NPA were considered by Australian experts as key outcomes relevant across contexts; however, there are no existing measures of these outcomes. Future research should develop valid outcome measures to be used in clinical trials evaluating NPA impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"199-212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network co-activation relates to executive function following pediatric traumatic brain injury.","authors":"Katherine A Billetdeaux, Florencia Ontiveros, Haileigh F Galloway, Kathryn Vannatta, Warren Lo, William A Cunningham, Elisabeth Wilde, Keith Owen Yeates, Kristen R Hoskinson","doi":"10.1017/S1355617725101781","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617725101781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated functional connectivity in the default mode, central executive, dorsal attention, and salience networks (SN) and its relation to executive function in youth with traumatic brain injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-three youth with traumatic brain injury (11 with moderate-to-severe injury (6 male, <i>m</i>_age = 11.78 ± 2.68 years, <i>m</i>_{timesinceinjury} = 3.71 ± 2.43 years) and 12 with complicated-mild injury (9 male, <i>m</i>_age = 12.59 ± 1.99 years, <i>m</i>_{timesinceinjury} = 4.55 ± 1.59 years) and 17 youth with orthopedic injury (11 male, <i>m</i>_age = 11.75 ± 2.12 years, <i>m</i>_{timesinceinjury} = 3.95 ± 1.79 years)) completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and a parent rated their child's executive function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found group differences in the strength of connectivity among four regions in the default mode network (DMN) and two regions of the SN, <i>p</i>s < .05, Eta² = .151-.229. The orthopedic injury group demonstrated significant negative between-network connectivity, while brain injury groups had negligible negative or, in some cases, positive between-network associations. Groups did not differ on parent ratings of executive function, as all groups fell above the normative mean, reflecting poorer than expected everyday executive behavior. Attenuation of typical negative between-network association between the posterior cingulate in the DMN and two regions of the salience network was associated with worse parent-rated executive behavior (<i>r</i>s = .291-.317, <i>p</i>s < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings illustrate the implications of disrupted downregulation of the default mode network by the SN following pediatric brain injury. They also demonstrate how disruption in functional connectivity may underlie poor executive function after childhood traumatic brain injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"123-131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12959488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146088058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}