Neuropsychology Review最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of the Hayling and Brixton Tests for Detecting Dementia, Progressive Cognitive Decline, and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Middle to Older Aged Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"M O Palombo, A M Foran","doi":"10.1007/s11065-025-09658-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11065-025-09658-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aging population is increasing the prevalence of dementia, neurodegenerative disorders, and mild cognitive impairment, which are associated with cognitive declines in executive functioning. In people with these disorders, accurate tests can aid in the early detection of executive functioning decline and facilitate access to interventions. The Hayling and Brixton tests (HBTs) are popular executive functioning tests that assess inhibitory control. The HBTs may be especially effective for detecting people with disorders that are associated with disinhibition, such as behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). However, the effectiveness of the HBTs for detecting cognitive decline in dementia, neurodegenerative disorders, and mild cognitive impairment has yet to be collated. A comprehensive search of five databases identified 50 studies that compared the HBTs performances of adults aged 40 years and over with a dementia, neurodegenerative disorder, or mild cognitive impairment (e.g., Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's dementia, bvFTD) and cognitively-healthy controls. Hedges' g effect sizes compared groups on the five HBTs scores (Inhibition Errors, Inhibition Reaction Time (RT), Automatic RT, Inhibition minus Automatic RT, and Brixton Errors). The disorders (combined) showed negative effects on all HBTs scores (g - 0.37 to - 1.13), with dementia (combined) performing the worst (g - 0.54 to - 1.56). Automatic RT and Inhibition Errors were the most effective scores for detecting cognitive decline in dementia (g - 1.55; g - 1.34). The dementia types performed similar after outliers were removed and only studies with low risk-of-bias were analyzed. Overall, the HBTs are effective for detecting cognitive decline in middle to older aged adults, especially those with dementia. However, no score type can be recommended for differentiating the dementia types, such as AD and bvFTD.</p>","PeriodicalId":49754,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology Review","volume":" ","pages":"43-60"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13279680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Cognitive and Behavioural Symptoms in CTNNB1 Syndrome.","authors":"Mercè Pallarès-Sastre, Imanol Amayra, Monika Salgueiro, Elena Villanueva-Viar, Amaia Lasa-Aranzasti, Maitane García","doi":"10.1007/s11065-025-09660-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11065-025-09660-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CTNNB1 syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a likely pathogenic or pathogenic variant in the CTNNB1 gene. A systematic review was conducted to examine previous research that provided CTNNB1 syndrome patients, specifically those that described intellectual quotient, motor development, language impairments, behavioural problems and features of autism. Databases examined were PubMed and Scopus. The inclusion criteria were (a) reported human patients diagnosed with CTNNB1 syndrome by a genetic test; (b) were related to cognition, intelligence quotient, motor development, language impairment, behavioural problems or features of autism; (c) did not have another genetic diagnosis and (d) were written in Spanish or English. A total of 42 studies were included. Overall, the symptomatology described was very heterogeneous with varying degrees of impairment among patients. However, individuals reached most significant developmental milestones later than expected and with different degrees of impairment. The use of standardised methodology to assess cognitive and behavioural domains was scarce in most studies, and the vast majority did not include a specific assessment protocol based on the symptomatology of CTNNB1 syndrome individuals. In addition, only two adult patients were described in depth, which implies that there are many unknowns about the progression of the syndrome later in life. Therefore, future research should focus on increasing the sample assessed and count with a standardised protocol in order to characterise the cognitive and behavioural phenotype of CTNNB1 syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":49754,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology Review","volume":" ","pages":"61-84"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13279489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Always Getting Lost: Defining Developmental Topographical Disorientation (DTD)-A Systematic Literature Review.","authors":"Ineke J M van der Ham, Michiel H G Claessen","doi":"10.1007/s11065-025-09664-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11065-025-09664-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developmental topographical disorientation (DTD) refers to a condition of highly impaired navigation ability in healthy individuals. DTD often leads to severe consequences in daily life, affecting education and professional choices and limited everyday mobility. Since its first description in 2009, a substantial number of empirical studies on DTD have appeared, but a clear clinical definition of DTD that can be used to develop a behavioral assessment tool is not yet available. The aim of the current study was to shed more light on the precise behavioral characteristics of DTD by examining the empirical evidence available to date. Recent theoretical developments that enable the classification of navigation impairment in various populations are utilized in the current work. Through a systematic literature review, reported descriptions and criteria for DTD were identified. Furthermore, tests included and performance of people with DTD are classified in the different navigation domains relevant to navigation impairment (landmark knowledge; location knowledge, egocentric and allocentric; and path knowledge, route and survey). A total of 15 empirical papers were included in the analyses, each discussing performance of people with DTD in large-scale spatial tasks. Initial DTD descriptions focused on mental map quality, whereas later work adheres to a more general definition of impaired navigation. Performance patterns show that the navigation impairment in DTD is largely attributable to low mental map quality, as low performance is primarily found for tasks measuring allocentric location knowledge and path knowledge. In contrast, landmark knowledge remains largely unaffected and, if impaired, appears to also include face recognition impairment, suggesting a more general form of visual agnosia. Egocentric location knowledge is often not included in assessments. The outcomes support the initial focus on poor mental map quality as the key characteristic of DTD, combined with a landmark-focused navigation strategy. The current findings therefore provide relevant input to the development of a clinical characterization of DTD and the development of appropriate assessment tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":49754,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology Review","volume":" ","pages":"85-93"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13279495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Clinical Diagnostic Classification Criteria Used in Longitudinal Cohort Studies of the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Juan Manuel Villalpando, Bernard-Simon Leclerc, Minh Tri Le, Carol Hudon, Aline Bolduc, Marie-Jeanne Kergoat","doi":"10.1007/s11065-025-09663-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11065-025-09663-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's is a progressive disease, with a long preclinical phase of many decades. Accurate classification within longitudinal cohort studies is crucial for understanding disease progression and for the comparability and collaboration across studies. The main objective of this systematic review was to identify and compare the diagnostic criteria used in prospective population study cohorts centering on the Alzheimer's disease clinical continuum in older adults. A review was performed of cohort studies started in the year 2000 or later, with a follow-up duration of at least 3 years among people aged between 50 and 85 years old living in the community. Original studies were searched in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers agreed on the final selection of 28 studies covering 25 cohorts. One study was identified by three independent judges as having methodological limitations due to inadequate reporting as per the modified NIH quality assessment tool. Data was extracted from each included study using a standardized extraction form. In general, the studies followed fewer than 1500 participants. The results showed convergence in the choice of diagnostic classification criteria among the 25 cohorts studied especially for the later stages of AD, while criteria for the earliest stages showed greater variability. Only five cohorts studied were concerned with the follow-up of the full spectrum of the disease. Our study may help to put in place a unified set of clinical diagnostic criteria across the continuum of Alzheimer's disease, rather than criteria developed specifically for a given study.</p>","PeriodicalId":49754,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology Review","volume":" ","pages":"3-24"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13279743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor Learning in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Kylie B Tomlin, Ruth Akinlosotu, Emily F Gorman, Emily Schmitt, Stephen Eaton, Kelly P Westlake","doi":"10.1007/s11065-025-09661-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11065-025-09661-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the current evidence on motor learning in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A search of five databases returned a total of 6058 references, 10 of which met criteria for inclusion in this review. The existing evidence was notably variable with an overall moderate risk of bias. Eight articles compared behavioral motor learning outcomes in MCI and age matched, non-cognitively impaired (NCI) samples. In 37.5% of these studies, the degree of motor skill acquisition in the MCI group was statistically significantly less than in the NCI group. Skill retention was only compared between MCI and NCI samples in one article, which reported a relative reduction in MCI group performance following a 24-h, no-practice delay. Importantly, none of the included articles examined motor skill transfer. We discuss possible sources of heterogeneity among collective findings including variability in motor tasks, outcome measurement, and research design. Further research is needed to support a comprehensive understanding of motor learning in the early stages of age-related cognitive decline. Future investigations should emphasize functional motor tasks and clinically relevant learning outcomes, including retention and transfer of motor skills, while controlling for potentially confounding factors such as motivation and sleep performance. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (registration ID CRD42023417329).</p>","PeriodicalId":49754,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology Review","volume":" ","pages":"94-112"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13262129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into Face Identity Recognition Ability: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Kadie Cheng, Romina Palermo, Simone Favelle, Rose Ferguson, Megan L Willis","doi":"10.1007/s11065-025-09675-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-025-09675-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review estimated the strength of the relationship between self-reported and objectively measured face identity recognition ability and examined potential moderators of this relationship. CINAHL, Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus, and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses databases were searched on April 16, 2025, for two concepts: insight and face recognition. Studies were included if they were written in English, comprised adult samples, included an objective face recognition task and a measure of self-reported face recognition ability, and reported the relationship between the two. Forty-four studies (N = 11,074) comprising 141 effect sizes were included in a random effects meta-analysis with robust variance estimation, which revealed a significant, positive relationship between self-reported and objective face recognition ability of medium strength (r = .26, 95% CI [.22, .30]). Moderator analyses revealed a stronger effect size for samples comprising a combination of neurotypicals and developmental prosopagnosics (r = .64, 95% CI [.47, .80]) compared to studies comprising only neurotypicals (r = .27, 95% CI [.22, .32]), developmental prosopagnosics (r = .15, CI [-.04, .35]), or super-recognisers (r = .16, 95% CI [.05, .28]). A stronger effect size was observed for face memory tasks (r = .30, 95% CI [.26, .34]) compared to face perception tasks (r = .21, 95% CI [.15, .28]). Considerable heterogeneity was evident between studies comprising neurotypical samples, which may be attributable to methodological differences in exclusion criteria and participant characteristics related to face recognition ability, which were generally poorly reported across studies. Collectively, findings indicate people have modest insight into their face recognition ability, and self-report measures offer limited utility for identifying face recognition difficulties.</p>","PeriodicalId":49754,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147311952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apathy Through History: A Disorder at the Crossroads of Psychiatry and Neurology.","authors":"David de Noreña-Martínez, Ignacio Sánchez-Cubillo, Daniel Adrover-Roig, José Ignacio Quemada, Marcos Ríos-Lago","doi":"10.1007/s11065-026-09694-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11065-026-09694-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apathy is a multidimensional neuropsychiatric condition characterized by a reduction in goal-directed behavior, cognition, emotion, or social interaction, with significant clinical implications in both neurological and psychiatric disorders. Despite its prevalence, apathy has traditionally been viewed as a secondary symptom of other pathologies. This article offers a historical and conceptual review of apathy, tracing its evolution from early philosophical ideas of emotional detachment to its current status as a transdiagnostic construct. The review examines the gradual emergence of apathy as a distinct syndrome, emphasizing contributions from psychiatry and neurology. Key concepts such as abulia, anhedonia, akinetic mutism, athymhormia, and avolition are discussed to illustrate the shifting boundaries between these terms. Drawing from historical and modern perspectives, the article explores the semantic evolution of apathy-related terms and their convergence in current diagnostic frameworks. It also addresses ongoing clinical challenges in detecting and differentiating apathy from overlapping syndromes. Ultimately, this review advocates for recognizing apathy as an independent syndrome with distinct neurobiological foundations, emphasizing its importance in behavioral neuroscience and clinical neuropsychiatry.</p>","PeriodicalId":49754,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147286019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability Underreported in Verbal Memory Tests for Spanish-Speaking Populations: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Emilio Verche, Ángeles Correas, Sandra Arranz-Paraíso, Raimundo Aguayo-Estremera","doi":"10.1007/s11065-025-09690-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11065-025-09690-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Memory constitutes one of the most frequently assessed domains in neuropsychology. The most used tests to assess verbal memory are the California Verbal Learning Test (TAVEC in Spanish), the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). The aim of this meta-analysis was to statistically integrate the reliability estimates of these three tests. To this end, we conducted a Systematic Review following the PRISMA checklist. We included empirical studies that reported reliability when using TAVEC (or its children's version), the AVLT or the WMS in Spanish-speaking population and were subjected to a peer-review process. A total of 2774 records were identified, of which 463 were assessed for eligibility. Only 11 reported reliability and were included in the review, and only 7 in the meta-analysis. The most evident finding was the high rate of reliability induction found, with 93.9% of studies inducing it by omission or by report. Only 6.1% of the studies reviewed in full text calculated and reported the reliability with their own samples. Moreover, the analyzed tests showed generally adequate reliability coefficients (ranging from .77 to .86), but their generalizability to other studies was limited due to lower reliability indices reported elsewhere. In sum, the high rate of reliability induction in the literature underscores the need for greater attention to psychometric properties in neuropsychological research.</p>","PeriodicalId":49754,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Cognitive Domains in Parkinson's Disease: A Scoping Review of Empirical Studies.","authors":"Daniel Scharfenberg, Anja Ophey, Amelie Lessmann, Ann-Kristin Folkerts, Konstanze Kromke, Jutta Stahl, Elke Kalbe","doi":"10.1007/s11065-025-09691-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-025-09691-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive domains (e.g. memory, attention, or executive functions) play a crucial role in cognitive diagnostics. However, cognitive domain definitions and the assignment of cognitive tests to these domains lack both consensus and empirical justification in current guidelines for cognitive diagnostics. Focusing on this issue in Parkinson's disease (PD), this scoping review aims to provide an overview of empirical findings from dimensionality reduction analyses applied to cognitive test scores of individuals with PD. The research addressed three questions: (i) Which methods were used to empirically evaluate cognitive domain differentiations in PD? (ii) Could previously assumed cognitive domains in PD be reproduced by empirical analyses? (iii) Which cognitive domain models did the studies use as its theoretical framework? An a priori defined systematic literature search identified 22 eligible studies published between 1963 and 2022, mainly using exploratory methods such as Principal Component Analysis or Exploratory Factor Analysis to identify a cognitive domain structure in people with PD. These studies were highly heterogeneous in specific methodological configurations of statistical methods, such as rotation and extraction methods. Only few studies referred to the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) guidelines for cognitive diagnostics in PD, and none successfully reproduced previously assumed cognitive domain structures by (exploratory) empirical analysis. The inconsistent results regarding the structure of cognitive functioning might result from heterogeneous samples and methods. Overall, the results challenge the validity and reliability of cognitive diagnoses in PD, highlighting a need for more robust empirical support to improve diagnostic frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":49754,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146229139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of the Measurement and Influence of Quality of Education on Neuropsychological Test Performance in Later Life.","authors":"Tara Metcalfe, T Rune Nielsen, Freddie O'Donald, Sanne Franzen, Clara Calia","doi":"10.1007/s11065-025-09689-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11065-025-09689-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Years or highest level of formal education are typically used to quantify educational experience and stratify normative data. However, these approaches do not account for differences in education quality which may lead to misclassification of cognitive abilities. The present systematic review aimed to synthesize existing literature on the measurement of education quality and evaluate its effects on neuropsychological test performance in later life. Databases were searched to identify eligible studies that explored the effects of education quality on neuropsychological test scores in older adult populations (age ≥ 55 years). A narrative synthesis of the included studies was conducted, and the quality of evidence was assessed. The study was pre-registered on PROSPERO (Project ID: CRD42024373157). Of the 2,338 records identified, 16 studies were included in the review. Measurement of education quality was categorized in two ways: as performance-based proxies (typically assessment of literacy and numeracy), or as retrospective indicators of quality based on historical data or self-report. Proxies were most commonly tests of reading ability. Education quality measures correlated highly with years of education but emerged as stronger predictors of cognitive test performance. Findings suggest that education quality may be a more useful measure of educational experience than years of education, particularly for minoritized ethnic groups. This highlights the need to select tests that minimize the effects of education on cognitive test performance and to incorporate education quality measures. Future research should investigate the extent to which these measures represent education quality cross-culturally.</p>","PeriodicalId":49754,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}