Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Calf circumference is associated with malnutrition risk and phase angle in subacute stroke patients.","authors":"Olivia Di Vincenzo, Ermenegilda Pagano, Sarah Colasanto, Silvia Migliaccio, Fabrizio Pasanisi, Luca Scalfi","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Malnutrition is common in stroke patients, emphasising the need for routine malnutrition screening. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and calf circumference (CC) are markers of muscle mass, while bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived phase angle (PhA) is a marker of muscle quality and cellular integrity. This study investigated the relationships between limb circumferences and malnutrition risk or PhA in subacute stroke patients.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted in stroke patients aged ≥50 years admitted to a rehabilitation unit. Anthropometric measurements and BIA data were collected. Malnutrition risk was assessed using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), and the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score. CC and MUAC cut-off values were based on sex-specific diagnostic thresholds. The study included 228 patients (age 71.7 ± 10.8 yrs, body mass index 26.8 ± 3.9 kg/m², 54% men). A high prevalence of low MUAC and CC values was observed in both sexes. High malnutrition risk was significantly more prevalent in patients with low or very low CC, whereas MUAC categories showed no significant differences. There were significant associations between CC and GNRI, PNI, and CONUT score, as well as with whole-body, upper-limb, or lower-limb PhA. By contrast, MUAC showed only weak associations with PhA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In subacute stroke patients, CC, highly than MUAC, was associated with malnutrition risk and PhA. These findings support the use of CC as a simple measure for identifying stroke patients at higher malnutrition risk and with poorer muscle-related nutritional status.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104875"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of thoracic muscle area factor and visceral adiposity with cardiac function in patients with overweight or obesity.","authors":"Lu Gao, Lele Cheng, Wenjun Liu, Yueyuan Liao, Guozhi Yin, Jian Yang, Yue Wu, Zhijie Jian","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>We investigated the independent and interactive associations of thoracic axial skeletal muscle mass (TASM) factor and visceral fat with cardiac function.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This study evaluated 154 overweight/obese patients who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance. TASM factor and visceral fat thickness were quantified. Associations with left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), global circumferential strain (GCS), and N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide were assessed using correlation, hierarchical regression, simple slope, subgroup, and exploratory indirect association analyses. TASM factor correlated positively with EF (r = 0.584) and |GCS| (r = 0.703); visceral fat showed negative correlations (r__EF = -0.559, r__|GCS| = -0.388; all p < 0.001). Significant muscle-fat interactions were found for EF (β = -2.985, p = 0.023) and |GCS| (β = 1.762, p = 0.043). Simple slope analysis showed the beneficial muscle-EF association was stronger at lower visceral fat levels (β = 20.137 vs. β = 10.789). Subgroup analysis suggested high muscle and low fat tended to show more favorable cardiac function, whereas low muscle and high fat showed poorer outcomes. In exploratory indirect association analysis, TASM factor and visceral fat exhibited opposing indirect patterns in the body mass index-EF relationship (via muscle: 36.42%; via visceral fat: -30.07%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TASM factor and visceral fat exhibit contrasting independent and interactive associations with cardiac function, and visceral adiposity is associated with an attenuation of the positive correlation between TASM factor and cardiac function. These findings suggest a role for body composition profiling in cardiovascular risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104870"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No beneficial effect of resveratrol supplementation on plasma apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A-I levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Luis E Simental-Mendía, Mariana Arce-Quiñones, Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Dyslipidemia is one of the main contributing factors to the development of atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although statins remain the main treatment for dyslipidemia, there is a growing interest in other alternative therapies that may help reduce cardiovascular risk, including resveratrol. Thus, the aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the effect of resveratrol supplementation on apolipoprotein B (apoB) and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) levels.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>The protocol was previously registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261302488). The search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Randomized controlled trials showing the effect of resveratrol on apoB and/or apoA-I levels were selected. A random-effects model and the generic inverse variance weighting method were used for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled trials showed that resveratrol does not affect the levels of apoB (WMD: 2.11 mg/dL, 95% CI: -1.53, 5.75, p = 0.26, I² = 10%), and apoA-I (WMD: -1.43 mg/dL, 95% CI: -5.23, 2.36, p = 0.46, I² = 0%). Additionally, the sensitivity analysis was robust for both apolipoproteins, showing no significant effect after omitting each study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this meta-analysis do not demonstrate a significant effect of resveratrol supplementation on plasma apoB or apoA-I levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148498249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperuricemia, gout and obesity: should weight management be more of a focus in gout management?","authors":"Sabrina Scilletta, Maurizio Di Marco, Giosiana Bosco, Francesco Di Giacomo Barbagallo, Francesco Galeano, Andrea Tumminia, Agostino Milluzzo, Agostino Gaudio, Lucia Frittitta, Roberto Scicali, Pietro Castellino, Salvatore Piro, Naveed Sattar, Antonino Di Pino","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Hyperuricemia-elevated serum uric acid (SUA)-is the pathogenic driver of gout and is recognized as a systemic condition associated with cardiometabolic risk, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, although causality remains debated. Its global prevalence has risen substantially over decades, paralleling the growing epidemic of obesity and increasing life expectancy. This narrative review examines the relationship between adiposity and hyperuricemia and summarises the knowledge about the impact of weight-loss interventions on SUA levels and gout risk.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>Epidemiological evidence supports a bidirectional relationship between adiposity and hyperuricemia, although Mendelian randomisation studies suggest that excess adiposity is likely a cause rather than consequence of elevated SUA. Multiple mechanisms may underlie this association, including insulin resistance, reduced renal urate excretion, visceral adiposity, and dietary factors. Weight reduction is now recommended as a cornerstone of hyperuricemia and gout management in individuals with overweight or obesity. Lifestyle and dietary interventions are associated with modest reductions in SUA and gout risk. Bariatric surgery achieves substantial and sustained weight loss, leading to significant long-term reductions of SUA and gout incidence, despite a transient postoperative SUA increase. Recently, pharmacological weight-loss therapies (i.e. glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and tirzepatide) demonstrated meaningful reductions in SUA levels, potentially largely mediated by weight loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Integrating obesity management into hyperuricemia care represents a key strategy to reduce gout incidence and flares. Further research evaluating emerging anti-obesity therapies impact on hyperuricemia-specific outcomes would be useful, perhaps particularly in people experiencing ongoing flares despite other therapies and with obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104860"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national high LDL-cholesterol-related disease burden: an updated analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021.","authors":"Zechao Xu, Hongmei Yang, Qingliang Wang, Haiying Chen, Chang Ma, Yifei Gao, Huiyi Li, Xueyao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HLDL-C) levels are independently associated with adverse cardiovascular events. Based on the latest Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD2021) data, we explored the current global, regional, and national HLDL-C-related disease burden under the updated diagnostic criteria.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Using data from the GBD2021, we analysed the HLDL-C-related mortality and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates between 1990 and 2021, stratified by region, sex, age, and temporal changes. The overall global HLDL-C-related mortality and DALY rates are declining, with a greater burden in men than in women. Nevertheless, the absolute death and DALY numbers have steadily increased by 48·69% and 45·72%, respectively. Only regions with a high sociodemographic index (SDI) achieved a reduction in disease burden. In 2021, middle-SDI regions had the highest death and DALY numbers and the greatest percentage change in these numbers. The highest mortality and DALY rates were found in the middle-high- and low-high-SDI regions, respectively. Globally, China had the heaviest burden and Nauru the highest mortality and DALY rates. Additionally, the proportion of deaths or DALYs from different causes varied with age, with those of ischemic stroke increasing with age. The peak age of HLDL-C-related burden was subtly different between the sexes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In most regions, HLDL-C levels are not effectively controlled, resulting in a significant increase in the overall global burden. Targeted measures to prevent HLDL-C-related diseases and reduce disparities across different populations are urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104861"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of anthropometric, cardiometabolic, and lipid-related indices for metabolic syndrome and low muscle mass in older Mexican adults.","authors":"Angel Gabriel Garrido-Dzib, Roberto Lugo, Azalia Avila-Nava, Rodolfo Chim-Aké, Martha Guevara-Cruz, Ana Ligia Gutiérrez-Solis","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and low muscle mass in older adults remains challenging, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although several anthropometric, cardiometabolic, and lipid-related indices have been proposed, evidence in older Mexican populations is scarce. This study evaluated these indices and their ability to discriminate MetS and low muscle mass in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 117 adults aged ≥60 years. MetS prevalence was 33.3%, and 90% had low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI). In women, the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and cardiometabolic index (CMI) showed the highest discriminative ability for MetS (AUC = 0.904), followed by the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) (AUC = 0.890). In men, waist circumference (WC) and abdominal volume index (AVI) showed moderate performance (AUC = 0.750). For low muscle mass, BMI showed the highest discriminative capacity in women (AUC = 0.928; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cardiometabolic indices showed better performance for MetS detection in women, whereas anthropometric measures performed better in men. BMI showed the highest discriminatory ability for identifying low muscle mass in women, while most indices showed limited performance in men. These findings suggest potential sex-related differences in the utility of screening indices among older adults and warrant confirmation in larger studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104864"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do single or clustered body composition parameters predict mortality? A multicenter Italian study.","authors":"Vincenzo Carnevale, Luciano Nieddu, Daniela Merlotti, Alfredo Scillitani, Silvia Gazzotti, Guido Cavati, Giuseppe Battista, Carla Caffarelli, Giuseppe Dipasquale, Giuseppe Guglielmi, Alberto Bazzocchi, Luigi Gennari","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Studies on age-related changes in body composition often included ethnically different subjects, or few men or women with limited age range.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We retrospectively studied 1860 (1304 female, 556 male) free-living subjects, 20-to-98 years-old, including 324 with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We measured absolute and total body mass(TBM)-adjusted fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), appendicular lean mass (ALM), bone mineral content (BMC), TBM, skeletal muscle index (SMI) by DXA. From a subset of 20-50 years-old non-obese subjects, we defined sex-specific cutoffs for high-FM (mean +2SD), and low-LM, -ALM, -BMC, -SMI (mean -2SD), to investigate their impact on mortality. Women had higher FM, and lower absolute and TBM-adjusted LM, ALM, BMC. and SMI than men. Absolute and TBM-adjusted FM positively correlated with age, whereas all the other parameters decreased with age, with negative correlations being steeper in men. The regressions of TBM-adjusted values differed between subjects with or without T2DM. T2DM negatively interacted with the correlations of FM and FM/TBM with age, and positively with that between LM/TBM and age. TBM-adjusted parameters shifting from the reference distribution influenced mortality, with the respective HR being: 1.65 (95%CI:1.31-2.07; p < 0.0001) for FM/TBM; 1.58 (95%CI:1.25-2.00; p < 0.0001) for LM/TBM; 1.53 (95%CI:1.23-1.90; p = 0.00012) for BMC/TBM; 1.05 (95%CI:0.83-1.34; p = 0.68) for ALM/TBM; 1.77 (95%CI:1.37-2.28; p < 0.0001) for SMI; 1.66 (95%CI:1.30-2.11; p < 0.0001) for low-ALM + low-BMC; 1.47 (95%CI:1.12-1.93; p = 0.0056) for high-FM + low-ALM; 1.51 (95%CI:1.18-1.94; p = 0.0009) for high-FM + low-BMC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age-related body composition changes differ between sexes. Several individual or clustered parameters shifting from the distribution of younger subjects affect mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104863"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149002602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remnant cholesterol and incident metabolic syndrome: evidence from a prospective cohort with emphasis on individuals with normal triglyceride levels.","authors":"Siying Tang, Yuzhang Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Few longitudinal studies have examined remnant cholesterol (RC) in relation to incident metabolic syndrome (MetS), particularly among individuals with normal triglycerides (TG). We investigated the association of RC with incident MetS and its components.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This study analyzed 3011 CHARLS participants free of MetS at baseline. Multivariable modified Poisson regression estimated the association between baseline RC and incident MetS and its individual components over a 4-year follow-up. Incremental predictive value was assessed by adding RC to a TG-inclusive baseline model using AUC, continuous NRI, and IDI. During follow-up, baseline RC was associated with incident MetS (RR per 1-SD: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.22-1.35). Compared with the lowest quartile, participants in the highest RC quartile had a 2.09-fold higher risk of MetS (95% CI: 1.65-2.65). The association appeared stronger among participants with normal TG levels (<150 mg/dL) (RR per 1-SD: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.21-1.59). RC was associated with incident hypertension, central obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia, but not hyperglycemia or low HDL-C. After baseline TG was incorporated into the prediction model, adding RC did not improve global discrimination or reclassification in the overall population. However, phenotype analysis based on absolute thresholds identified a normal-TG/high-RC subgroup comprising 6.6% of participants, which had a 50% higher risk of incident MetS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated RC was associated with incident MetS and may support refined risk stratification among middle-aged and older adults with normal triglyceride levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronary artery disease -related outcomes associated with semaglutide and tirzepatide in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Xiao-Yu Zhou, Chen-Hao Deng, Ji-Yuan Zhong, Qi Wu, Qing-Xin Chen, Xin-Yuan Gao, Yong Xu, Zong-Zhe Jiang, Man Guo, Fang-Yuan Teng","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Semaglutide and tirzepatide are widely used drugs in the treatment of metabolic diseases based on incretin-based therapy. However, evidence on coronary artery disease (CAD)-related outcomes has largely been derived from separate randomized trials with different control groups, and focused synthesis across CAD phenotypes remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate CAD-related outcomes reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of semaglutide and tirzepatide in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and/or obesity.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov from database inception to September 26, 2025, for RCTs evaluating subcutaneous semaglutide or tirzepatide in T2DM and/or obesity. Separate pooled analyses were performed for semaglutide and tirzepatide using random-effects models. Prespecified outcomes included the broad CAD-related composite, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), myocardial infarction (MI), unstable angina (UA), chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), angina pectoris, and trial-reported CAD events, defined as CAD events explicitly reported in the original trials. Among the 45 included trials, semaglutide showed lower pooled estimates for the broad CAD-related composite (RR = 0.80, 95% CI [0.73-0.87]; p < 0.001), ACS (RR = 0.77, 95% CI [0.70-0.85]; p < 0.001), MI (RR = 0.70, 95% CI [0.62-0.80]; p < 0.001), UA (RR = 0.82, 95% CI [0.70-0.96]; p = 0.017), and angina pectoris (RR = 0.73, 95% CI [0.60-0.89]; p = 0.002) in the pooled analyses. For tirzepatide, pooled estimates were not statistically significant for most CAD-related outcomes, including the broad CAD-related composite (RR = 0.74, 95% CI [0.52-1.07]; p = 0.110). A lower pooled estimate was observed for trial-reported CAD events in tirzepatide trials, but this finding was based on fewer events and was interpreted as exploratory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In semaglutide trials, treatment was associated with lower pooled risks across several CAD-related outcomes, particularly acute coronary phenotypes in adults with T2DM and/or obesity. Evidence for tirzepatide remained less precise because of fewer CAD-related events and limited CAD-specific outcome data. Further dedicated cardiovascular outcome trials, longer follow-up studies, and more standardized reporting of CAD-related outcomes are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The accelerating crisis of metabolic multimorbidity in young U.S. adults: a 26-year analysis of national trends, disparities, and projections to 2031.","authors":"Hafiz M Ahmed, Ubaid Ur Rehman, Muhammad Owais, M Yasin Saeed","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The U.S. faces a silent cardiometabolic crisis as metabolic multimorbidity increasingly affects younger populations. Although individual conditions are well described, national trends in metabolic multimorbidity among young adults remain poorly defined. We examined 26-year national trends (1999-2024) and projected patterns through 2031 among decedents aged 25-44 to inform urgent public health action.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We analyzed national Multiple Cause of Death microdata for 3,600,474 young adult decedents (1999-2024). Metabolic conditions (obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidemia) were identified using ICD-10 codes. Multimorbidity was defined as ≥2 conditions and severe multimorbidity as ≥3. Metabolic multimorbidity increased nearly fourfold from 0.38% (1999) to 1.43% (2024). It rose from 1.36% (2021) to 1.43% (2024) despite declining overall mortality, signaling growing disease concentration. Forecasts project further increases to 1.65-1.73% by 2031. Severe multimorbidity surged 24-fold (0.003% to 0.072%), while ≥1 metabolic condition nearly doubled (5.14% to 10.08%). Hypertension prevalence doubled (2.59% to 5.36%), obesity nearly tripled (1.28% to 3.52%), diabetes increased >4-fold (0.15% to 0.69%), CKD rose modestly (1.37% to 1.58%), and dyslipidemia tripled (0.13% to 0.43%). Obesity-hypertension was the most frequent combination (41.02%). Prevalence was higher in females than males (1.00% vs. 0.87%, p < 0.001) and highest among Black (1.47%) and Other race (1.14%) versus White decedents (0.74%) (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Metabolic multimorbidity among young U.S. adults has risen dramatically, with severe disease accelerating fastest, and marked racial and sex disparities. Immediate prevention, integrated care, and structural policy reform are essential to prevent escalating cardiovascular and disability burdens.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104858"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148474007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}