Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Achievement of LDL cholesterol targets in HIV-positive patients: a single center cohort study.","authors":"Antonio Delle Cave, Chiara Tognola, Marco Bellomare, Michela Algeri, Vittorio Tateo, Maria Chiara Pedretti, Marco Mauri, Nicholas Brian Bana, Leonardo Rezzonico, Giulia Burastero, Maria Cristina Moioli, Cristina Giannattasio, Alessandro Maloberti","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>People living with HIV (PLWH) face an increased CardioVascular (CV) risk due to the interaction between risk factors, chronic inflammation and AntiRetroviral Therapies (ART) metabolic effects. However, standard risk models often underestimate this burden. Our study aims to evaluate: (i) the CV risk category and the relative LDL-C targets; (ii) the achievement of these targets; and (iii) factors associated with target achievement and HIV-related variables.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 246 PLWH, aged ≥40, on ART followed at the Niguarda Hospital. Clinical and laboratory data were extracted from the hospital's electronic registries and ten-year CV risk was assessed using SCORE2. Only 27.2% of the analyzed cohort achieved the recommended LDL-C targets with further lower prevalence in patients in the \"high\" or \"very high\" risk categories. Patients who achieved their LDL-C target had a more favorable cardiovascular risk profile (LDL-C: 75.8 ± 18.1 vs 121.1 ± 33.4 mg/dL, p < 0.001; systolic blood pressure: 116.9 ± 12.4 vs 123.4 ± 15.7 mmHg, p = 0.001), and CV risk categories, being less frequently classified as high and very-high risk (20.8 vs 52.4%, p < 0.0001). No significant relation was found between LDL-C target achievement and HIV-specific variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LDL-C target achievement remains suboptimal and may not reflect adequate cardiovascular risk control in PLWH, supporting the need for more aggressive and HIV-tailored prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiometabolic diseases and risk of early-onset dementia: a population-based case-control study in Northern Italy.","authors":"Riccardo Mazzoli, Annalisa Chiari, Kenneth J Rothman, Marco Vitolo, Giuseppe Boriani, Gianfranco De Girolamo, Giuliano Carrozzi, Manuela Tondelli, Tommaso Filippini, Marco Vinceti","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Early-onset dementia (EOD), defined by symptom onset before 65 years, has an uncertain etiology. Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases have been suggested to increase risk for EOD, but evidence remains limited and inconsistent. We investigated the extent to which history of cardiometabolic conditions is associated with EOD, and the extent to which the associations vary by sex, age at onset, and dementia subtype.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We conducted a population-based case-control study in Modena, Northern Italy, including 334 EOD cases diagnosed from 1999 to 2021, and 1991 controls matched by sex, year of birth, and calendar year. Hospitalization records and drug prescriptions were retrieved from administrative databases to estimate cardiometabolic disease history before EOD onset. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using conditional logistic regression in the entire study population and within subgroups of age and sex. EOD cases showed higher rates of hospitalization for hypertension and diabetes. History of antidiabetic drugs (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.01-2.19), lipid-lowering agents (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.03-1.79), and antihypertensive drugs (OR = 1.47, 95% CI 0.93-2.32) was associated with higher EOD risk. Associations were stronger in males for antidiabetics (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.08-2.93) and antithrombotics (OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.06-2.33), and in individuals <55 years for most antihypertensive classes. Non-Alzheimer's EOD generally showed higher associations with cardiovascular drug use than Alzheimer's type.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The associations we found between cardiometabolic diseases and EOD, particularly non-Alzheimer's subtypes, are consistent with a role of cardiometabolic burden or shared etiologic factors in early cognitive decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104760"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bempedoic acid and increased serum uric acid levels: a matter of concern?","authors":"Luca Bonanni, Marta Biolo, Giorgia Marodin, Camilla Portinari, Paolo Simioni, Nicola Ferri","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Several observational and genetic studies have found an association between high urate serum levels and hypertension, heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality. Bempedoic acid is a recently approved hypocholesterolemic agent acting by inhibiting the ATP citrate lyase and thus the hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis. Despite its optimal safety profile, a minor and reversible increase of serum uric acid levels has been observed. This effect is due to the inhibition by bempedoic acid of organic anion transporters 2 and 3 (OAT2 and OAT3) which mediate the renal excretion of urate.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>The increased levels of uric acid were associated with higher incidence of gout and could potentially have a negative effect on cardiovascular diseases. However, any adverse urate effect seems not to be clinically dominant for at least two reasons: 1) the extent of cardiovascular events reduction with bempedoic acid was similar to the one achieved with statins for a given magnitude of LDL-C lowering; 2) bempedoic acid was not associated with increased incidence of hypertension and heart failure, cardiovascular diseases strictly associated with hyperuricemia. Finally, uric acid lowering agents have not consistently demonstrated cardiovascular benefit in randomized clinical trials, and other drugs increasing, to the same extent, uric acid plasma levels, i.e. thiazide diuretic, do not increase cardiovascular risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thus, the iatrogenic increase of plasma uric acid levels by the inhibition of OAT does not appear to have a clinically relevant negative impact on cardiovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104755"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the glucose: the overlooked role of lipids in gestational diabetes.","authors":"Roberta Scairati, Daniela Laudisio, Oriana Imperatore, Maria Masulli, Annamaria Colao","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine the role of maternal lipid metabolism before and during pregnancy in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus, and to evaluate its clinical implications for maternal and offspring outcomes.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>Shifts in lipid metabolism represent key physiologic adaptations of pregnancy, and, when dysregulated, may contribute to the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes. Lipid abnormalities typically precede conception, underscoring a continuum between pre-pregnancy metabolic health and pregnancy outcomes. Low HDL-C, elevated triglycerides, and small dense LDL-C particles have been repeatedly associated with increased gestational diabetes risk across several cohorts and meta-analyses, although the strength of these associations varies according to study design and population characteristics. During pregnancy, women with gestational diabetes display a reproducible lipid phenotype defined by higher triglycerides, lower HDL-C, and increased triglycerides/HDL-C ratios. These perturbations exacerbate insulin resistance, trigger inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, and act as contributors to disease progression rather than secondary consequences of hyperglycemia. Clinically, maternal dyslipidemia has been associated with adverse outcomes including pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, severe hypertriglyceridemia-related pancreatitis, and neonatal complications such as macrosomia, large-for-gestational-age birth weight, and preterm delivery. Beyond pregnancy, lipid disturbances have been linked to unfavourable cardiometabolic trajectories in the offspring, suggesting transgenerational effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Integrating mechanistic and clinical evidence, this review emphasizes the need for early lipid assessment, personalized nutritional counseling, and targeted interventions alongside glucose-centered care to improve maternal and offspring outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104758"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in perceived importance of sodium reduction among adults in Bangladesh: Demographic, lifestyle and health contexts.","authors":"Yong Kang Cheah, Kim-Leng Goh","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Excessive sodium intake is harmful to health. This study explores the associations between perceived importance of sodium reduction and demographic, lifestyle, and health variables among Bangladeshi adults of all age groups.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Data from the National STEPS Survey for Non-communicable Diseases Risk Factors in Bangladesh 2018 were analysed using ordered probit regression. Almost three out of every ten adults perceive sodium reduction to be not important at all. Statistically significant but weak associations are observed between perceived importance of sodium reduction and demographic, lifestyle, and health variables. Poorer perceptions of the importance of sodium reduction appear to be associated with older age, male gender, residence in rural areas, being employed and being unmarried. In contrast, positive attitudes seem to be associated with higher educational attainments and individuals with a self-reported history of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found differences in perceived importance of sodium reduction among adults in Bangladesh. Its findings contribute exploratory evidence that may inform the design of targeted health education initiatives aimed at improving salt literacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104757"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery and validation of molecular biomarkers contributing to the risk of coronary artery disease.","authors":"Majid Nikpay","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>This study aimed to systematically search for molecular biomarkers that contribute to the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD).</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>A SNP-based multiomics data analysis plan was used to identify biomarkers contributing to the risk of CAD through a two-step discovery and validation design. By integrating CAD GWAS data with epigenome, transcriptome, and proteome quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from blood, 44 CpG sites, 37 transcripts, and 27 protein biomarkers were identified contributing to the risk of CAD. The identified biomarkers shared interactions and were enriched in lipid metabolism-related processes. The PCSK9 protein was under the regulatory impact of the APOC1, GZMA, and GRN proteins. The impact of SMARCA4 and PSRC1 transcripts on CAD were mediated through lipids, whereas the influence of the FES transcript on the risk of CAD was attributed to blood pressure. Finally, while 53% of the transcripts identified through the discovery stage were validated, this ratio was 20% for the protein biomarkers and 24% for the CpG sites.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified biomarkers contributing to the risk of CAD through a two-step discovery and validation analyses; furthermore, it provided insights into the paths by which several biomarkers influence the risk of CAD and underlined the efficiency of transcriptome platforms in identifying biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104759"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Night eating syndrome in liver transplant recipients with diabetes or excess-weight: a cross-sectional study\".","authors":"Asmita Parag Alekar","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104756","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104756"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma PCSK9 levels in children and adolescents: evidence from an Italian outpatient paediatric clinic cohort at cardio-metabolic risk.","authors":"M Ruscica, E Tassistro, A S Rizzuto, C Macchi, A Orlando, P Rebora, S Carugo, G Parati, M Giussani, A Corsini, S Genovesi","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Whether measuring circulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plasma levels in cardiovascular contexts may be of use in the clinical practice remains uncertain. The aim of the present study was to investigate PCSK9 levels in a cohort of children and adolescents referred to a paediatric outpatient clinic for cardio-metabolic risk assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>332 children and adolescents were recruited between December 2014 and June 2024. Plasma PCSK9 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, glucose, insulin, fasting lipids, and uric acid were assessed, with calculation of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), remnant cholesterol, and homeostasis model assessment index. The median age was 11.2 years, with 44.1% having initiated pubertal development, 81.9% were classified as excess weight and 16.3% as hypertensive. The median PCSK9 levels were 187.2 ng/mL. After adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI) z-score, the presence of lipid values above the clinical threshold was significantly associated with higher PCSK9 levels (p<0.01): total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL (+51.7 ng/mL), non-HDL-C≥145 mg/dL (+43.6 ng/mL), remnant-cholesterol ≥30 mg/dL (+49.6 ng/mL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥130 mg/dL (+34.1 ng/mL), and triglycerides above cut-offs (+49.2 ng/mL). Similarly, a positive parental history of dyslipidaemia was significantly associated with higher PCSK9 values (+39.9 ng/mL) (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a cohort of children and adolescents at cardio-metabolic risk, circulating PCSK9 levels were significantly associated with atherogenic lipid fractions, including LDL-C, non-HDL-C, triglycerides, and remnant cholesterol. These findings suggest that PCSK9 may play a broader role in lipid metabolism beyond LDL-C regulation, particularly in relation to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104754"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular risk reduction through a peer-led digital health lifestyle intervention in a low-income community: outcomes from the MYCardio-PEER program.","authors":"Geok Pei Lim, Jamuna Rani Appalasamy, Badariah Ahmad, Kia Fatt Quek, Amutha Ramadas","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Low-income communities face a disproportionately high burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet often lack access to preventive care. Peer-based interventions delivered through digital platforms offer a potentially scalable approach to address these disparities, but evidence remains limited. Our study evaluated the preliminary impact of an 8-week peer-led digital health lifestyle intervention (MYCardio-PEER) in improving knowledge, lifestyle behaviours and biomarkers related to cardiovascular health among a low-income population.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Adults from the low-income community at risk of CVD were assigned to the intervention group (n = 30) or the control group (n = 31). The intervention included peer-led bite-sized educational videos, infographic posters, and interactive activities over eight weeks. The control group received standard lifestyle advice and printed materials for CVD prevention. The primary outcome was the reduction in Framingham General CVD risk score (FRS). The secondary outcomes include clinical biomarkers, CVD-related knowledge, lifestyle and dietary behaviours. Assessments were conducted at Week 0 (baseline), Week 8 (post-intervention) and Week 20 (follow-up). Compared to controls, MYCardio-PEER intervention group demonstrated a greater reduction in FRS (F = 3.937, p = 0.029, ƞ2 = 0.063), energy intake (F = 8.807, p < 0.001, ƞ2 = 0.130), and processed foods consumption (F = 3.248, p = 0.046, ƞ2 = 0.052). Additionally, participants in the intervention group had a significantly greater increase in dietary fibre intake (F = 11.126, p < 0.001, ƞ2 = 0.159).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MYCardio-PEER significantly improved health behaviours and cardiovascular risk profiles in low-resource settings. Peer-led digital interventions such as MYCardio-PEER may provide a scalable, community-centred strategy to reduce CVD risk factors and improve health equity in underserved populations.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinicaltrials.gov NCT06408493.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104723"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triglyceride-glucose index and its derived anthropometric indices: a comparative analysis for mortality prediction in the population cohort of the URRAH study.","authors":"Lanfranco D'Elia, Ferruccio Galletti, Agostino Virdis, Edoardo Casiglia, Valerie Tikhonoff, Fabio Angeli, Carlo Maria Barbagallo, Michele Bombelli, Rosario Cianci, Michele Ciccarelli, Arrigo F G Cicero, Massimo Cirillo, Pietro Cirillo, Giovambattista Desideri, Claudio Ferri, Loreto Gesualdo, Cristina Giannattasio, Guido Grassi, Guido Iaccarino, Luciano Lippa, Francesca Mallamaci, Alessandro Maloberti, Stefano Masi, Alberto Mazza, Alessandro Mengozzi, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Pietro Nazzaro, Paolo Palatini, Gianfranco Parati, Noemi Pardini, Roberto Pontremoli, Fosca Quarti-Trevano, Marcello Rattazzi, Gianpaolo Reboldi, Giulia Rivasi, Elisa Russo, Massimo Salvetti, Giuliano Tocci, Andrea Ungar, Paolo Verdecchia, Francesca Viazzi, Massimo Volpe, Claudio Borghi","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is an established surrogate marker of insulin resistance and has been consistently associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Composite indices combining TyG with anthropometric measures, such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), have been proposed to enhance risk prediction. However, their incremental prognostic value remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare the predictive performance of TyG, BMI, and WC with that of their derived multiplicative indices (TyG-BMI and TyG-WC) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Data were analysed from the multicentre URRAH cohort, including 17,742 participants for the evaluation of TyG-BMI and a sub-analysis of 7052 individuals for TyG-WC. Over a median follow-up of 11.7 years, 2650 all-cause deaths occurred, including 1158 cardiovascular deaths. The TyG index showed a strong and independent association with both outcomes. Although TyG-BMI and TyG-WC were significantly associated with mortality, their risk patterns largely reflected those of their individual components. In multivariable models, inclusion of the derived indices did not meaningfully improve model fit, discrimination, individual risk prediction, or clinical usefulness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this large general cohort, the TyG index was confirmed as a robust predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. In contrast, derived indices combining TyG with BMI or WC did not confer meaningful incremental prognostic value beyond modelling TyG and anthropometric measures separately, supporting the use of TyG as a simple and clinically informative marker for mortality risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104726"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}