Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Independent effect of body fat content on inflammatory biomarkers in children and adolescents: The GENOBOX study.","authors":"Aizaz Anwar Khalid, Ayesha Parvaiz Malik, Javed Iqbal, Brijesh Sathian","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediterranean Diet and athletic performance in elite and competitive athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Simona Fiorini, Monica Guglielmetti, Lenycia de Cassya Lopes Neri, Luca Correale, Anna Tagliabue, Cinzia Ferraris","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) may represent the reference dietary pattern for athletes. Our aim was to study whether MedDiet could be associated with any changes in performance in adult athletes practicing different types of sport at various levels of competition.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>A systematic literature review (PROSPERO n. CRD42023459039) was performed based on the PRISMA method. The search was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library in October 2024. Competitive/elite healthy adult athletes performing at least 6 h/week. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2.0 Cochrane tool for randomised-controlled trials, Robins-I tool for non-randomised studies and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for the observational studies. A meta-analysis was conducted. 9 studies were included in this review (192 participants, mainly males), 5 of them had a cross-sectional design. The sample size ranged from 10 to 43 athletes performing different sports. 5 studies reported an impact of MedDiet on athletic performance; of these, 4 studies reported a positive effect. MedDiet adherence was positively related to anaerobic/aerobic power, explosive strength, and indirectly associated with body fat percentage. Reported adherence to MedDiet varied from low to high. The meta-analysis showed no MedDiet effect on the performance outcomes [SMD 0.00 (CI -0.26; 0.25)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this review suggest a general positive influence of the MedDiet on athletic performance, supporting its role as a beneficial dietary pattern for athletes. Quantitative analysis did not confirm these results, probably due to the few studies included, their heterogeneity and low-to-moderate quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood-to-adolescence weight trajectories and adult hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Tao Xu, Yuexian Tao, Yuling Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Given the global burden of obesity, it is critically important to understand how different life-course weight trajectories influence the risk of hypertension in adulthood. Body weight changes across developmental stages may exert varying impacts on long-term cardiovascular health. This study aimed to evaluate the association between weight changes from childhood to adolescence and the subsequent risk of developing hypertension in adulthood.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases from inception to July 26, 2023. Study selection and data extraction were independently carried out by two reviewers. Publication bias was assessed using Begg's and Egger's tests. Thirteen eligible studies comprising a total of 125,329 participants were included in the final analysis. Key findings were as follows: (i) Variations in weight trajectory were significantly associated with hypertension risk. (ii) Weight gain from childhood to adolescence was associated with a higher risk of hypertension (RR = 2.27; 95 % CI: 1.83-2.83). (iii) Persistent overweight status was linked to an even greater risk (RR = 3.29; 95 % CI: 2.18-5.28). (iv) Elevated BMI during youth correlated with increased adult blood pressure. (v) Females with persistent overweight had a significantly higher hypertension risk compared to males (RR = 3.23; 95 % CI: 2.35-4.43).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to maintaining a stable normal weight, both weight gain and persistent overweight from childhood to adolescence are strongly associated with an increased risk of hypertension in adulthood. Moreover, this association may differ by sex, suggesting the need for sex-specific prevention strategies targeting early-life weight management.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO CRD42022353522; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=353522.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of intermittent fasting and Mediterranean diet on older adults' physical health and quality of life: A randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Sergio Couto, María Carmen Cenit, Jesica Montero, Isabel Iguacel","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Non-communicable chronic diseases are on the rise globally, and diet plays a crucial role. Intermittent fasting (IF), particularly time-restricted eating (TRE), has emerged as a potential strategy to manage these conditions. Research suggests that TRE, combined with healthy diets like the Mediterranean diet, may benefit populations, including older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Seventeen adults over 60 years of age were randomly assigned to the TRE + MED group (n = 8), following a 12-h fast with the Mediterranean diet, or the MED-DIET group (n = 9), following the diet without fasting. Over three months, changes in anthropometric, biochemical, and quality of life measures were assessed. The TRE + MED group showed significant reductions in BMI (p = 0.040), waist circumference (p < 0.001), hip circumference (p = 0.025), waist-to-hip ratio (p = 0.023), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = 0.020), along with changes in fasting glucose. In the MED-DIET group, only SBP decreased significantly (p = 0.022). Between-group comparisons showed greater improvements in waist circumference (p = 0.001) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR; p = 0.036) in the TRE + MED group. Conversely, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels improved more in the MED-DIET group (p = 0.020). However, in the between-group comparison, only the reduction in waist circumference, WHR, and GGT levels reached statistical significance. Both groups improved Mediterranean diet adherence, quality of life, and stool regularity, but only 20 % of the TRE + MED group was willing to continue fasting, compared to 100 % in the MED-DIET group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TRE combined with the Mediterranean diet offers superior health benefits compared to the Mediterranean diet alone. In addition, adhering to a consistent meal schedule and regulating meal timing appear to be more challenging for the studied population.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A shake with cashew and Brazil nuts decreased lipid peroxidation but did not improve antioxidant status in individuals with overweight or obesity: A randomized crossover clinical trial.","authors":"Mirian A C Costa, Daniela M U P Rocha, Ana P S Caldas, Dandara B Bonifácio, Alessandra da Silva, Sônia L Pinto, Helen H M Hermsdorff, Leandro L de Oliveira, Josefina Bressan","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Nuts are recognized for their potential health benefits, yet little is known about their postprandial impact on metabolic responses and oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the acute effect of a shake containing a mixture of 30g cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.) and 15g Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) on glucose levels, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress markers in individuals with overweight or obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This was a clinical, randomized, controlled, single-blind, crossover study. On two test days, fifteen subjects consumed either a control (without nuts) or a test shake. Metabolic biomarkers were analyzed at fasting and 60, 120, and 240 min after shake intake. Compared to the control, the shake with nuts promoted specific changes in oxidative stress and metabolic markers. Differences were observed at 120 min after beverage consumption regarding superoxide dismutase (SOD) (control: 117.7 ± 14.6 vs. test: 82.1 ± 10.0 U/mL; p < 0.05) and at 240 min regarding malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (control: 5.0 ± 0.2 vs. test: 4.4 ± 0.3 μM/mg; p < 0.05). Also, at 240 min postprandial, complement C3 and stearic acid concentrations were higher in the test group than in the control, and a positive correlation was observed between them (p < 0.05). However, no differences were observed when considering time x intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that cashew and Brazil nuts did not promote acute metabolic changes. We highlight that the mixed nuts decreased lipid peroxidation but did not improve antioxidant status in individuals with overweight or obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A feasibility study for a trial testing the effects of reduced-sodium salt on the rise in blood pressure with age.","authors":"Katrina R Kissock, Clementina Okoro, Kathy Trieu, Nanna R Ripiye, Anthony Orji, Mark D Huffman, Bruce Neal, Dike Ojji","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Excess sodium intake is associated with elevated blood pressure, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Lowering sodium intake by switching regular salt for reduced-sodium salt may attenuate rises in blood pressure with age. We aimed to assess project feasibility in Nigeria before testing in a large-scale clinical trial.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We conducted an unblinded, non-randomised feasibility study in two rural Nigerian communities between March and May 2024. Participants (≥6 years) were recruited at the household level and provided with reduced-sodium salt (66 % KCl, 34 % NaCl) to replace all regular salt for cooking and seasoning over two months. Outcomes included recruitment rate, adherence and acceptability of the reduced-sodium salt, adherence to study procedures, and willingness to participate in a longer-term study. 41 households (148 participants) were recruited over five days. The median age of children, adolescents, and adults were 7, 11, and 35 years respectively, and 55 % were female. Nine participants (6 %) were lost to follow-up at 2-months (including two households), but 98 % of the scheduled follow-up visits were completed. At 2-months, 83 % of participants reported replacing all regular salt with reduced-sodium salt and most participants reported it was similar or better than regular salt for taste (94 %) and overall acceptability (93 %). All participants indicated willingness to engage in a 4-year study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is feasible to conduct a large-scale clinical trial in Nigeria testing the effects of reduced-sodium salt compared to regular salt on the rise in blood pressure with age.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT05912426.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitual coarse grain intake, gut microbiota, and hyperuricemia in individuals with or at risk of metabolic syndrome: A post-hoc analysis.","authors":"Juan He, Yifei He, Junqi Li, Guoqing Ma, Yunfeng Li, Jiawen Xie, Chen He, Xinran Feng, Kaizhen Jia, Wei Li, Menghan Wang, Amei Tang, Tian Tian, Xia Liao, Weimin Li, Feng Yan, Ying Zhang, Xiaoxiao Cao, Yuelang Zhang, Nan Yang, Xin Liu, Qian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Grain intake and gut microbiota are associated with uric acid regulation, but it remains unknown which grains benefit more and how gut microbiota may interact with the effects. This post-hoc analysis evaluated the associations between 8 specific coarse grains intakes and hyperuricemia, and explored the roles of gut microbiota.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Gut microbial data and dietary information of 295 participants with or at risk of metabolic syndrome were characterized by 16 S rRNA sequencing and a food frequency questionnaire, respectively. The higher intakes of buckwheat, black rice, and black bean were associated with lower plasma uric acid levels (P < 0.05). Inverse associations were observed between the intake of oat, black rice, and black bean and hyperuricemia, with odds ratios (95 % confidence intervals) comparing extreme tertiles were 0.179 (0.027,0.664), 0.147 (0.023,0.539), and 0.395 (0.057,1.632) (all P trend<0.05). The abundance of Flavonifractor was higher, whereas that of Monoglobus was lower in hyperuricemia patients. Moreover, Monoglobus showed a potentially mediation effects on the black rice-uric acid association.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study identified associations between four specific coarse grains and hyperuricemia among individuals with or at risk of metabolic syndrome. Gut microbiota, notably Monoglobus may be involved in the association.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appetitive traits from childhood to adolescence and cardiometabolic health.","authors":"Alexandra Costa, Rita Pereira, Milton Severo, Marion M Hetherington, Andreia Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>This study aimed to assess the association between appetitive trait trajectories from age 7 to 13 with cardiometabolic health at age 13 and evaluate the effect of fat mass as a mediating factor.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Participants were 3528 children from the Generation XXI cohort. Appetitive traits were assessed at ages 7,10, and 13 with the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Six appetitive trait trajectory profiles were previously identified: 'Moderate appetite', 'Small to moderate appetite', 'Increasing appetite', 'Avid appetite', 'Smallest appetite', and 'Small appetite but increasing'. At age 13, triglycerides, homeostatic-model assessment-insulin resistance, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) z-scores, and a cluster analysis of these parameters ('More favorable' and 'Less favorable' cardiometabolic profile) were considered. In regression models, the 'Avid appetite' profile, characterized by a strong appetite and interest in food, was associated with higher estimates of all cardiometabolic parameters at age 13 (inverse for HDL-c), compared to the 'Smallest appetite', characterized by a reduced appetite and low interest in food. Fat mass significantly mediated these associations. Individuals in the 'Avid appetite' profile had 12 times higher odds of being classified into the 'Less favorable cardiometabolic profile' (OR = 12.01; 95 %CI: 7.77,18.57) than those in the 'Smallest appetite' profile.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adolescents exhibited differences in cardiometabolic parameters based on their appetitive trait profiles. A persistent avid appetite was linked to higher cardiometabolic risk, and adiposity had a significant mediating effect. Managing risky appetitive traits during youth may improve future cardiometabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual cholesterol is an independent risk factor for new-onset hyperuricemia: a nationwide cohort study based on a middle-aged and elderly population.","authors":"Junping Zhang, Zejin Hao, Yanmei Ma, Peng Zheng, Lanlan Huang, Jixiong Xu, Jiancheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The relationship between residual cholesterol (RC) and the risk of new-onset hyperuricemia remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the association between degree of RC and new-onset hyperuricemia in Chinese adults.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We analyzed data from 6963 healthy participants enrolled in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Serum lipids were assessed using an enzymatic colorimetric test. RC levels were estimated as total cholesterol (TC) minus high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The primary outcome was new-onset hyperuricemia, defined as a serum uric acid (SUA) concentration ≥417 μmol/L in males or ≥357 μmol/L in females at the exit visit. During a median follow-up of 4 years, 614 (8.8 %) participants developed new-onset hyperuricemia. We observed a significant positive association between RC and new-onset hyperuricemia (per 1-mmol/L increment; odds ratio (OR) 1.23; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.40). Participants in tertiles 3 (OR: 1.69, 95 % CI: 1.30-2.19) had notably higher risks of new-onset hyperuricemia compared to those in tertile 1 for RC levels. Additionally, regression analysis also showed a significant positive correlation between RC and SUA levels. For every 1 mmol/L increase in RC, SUA concentrations increased by approximately 35.0 μmol/L (β = 7.23, 95 % CI 4.72-9.75, P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this prospective cohort study suggest that higher level of RC is an independent risk factor for new-onset hyperuricemia among Chinese adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144174908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences of interferon-gamma levels according to burden of coronary atherosclerosis identified by CT coronary angiography.","authors":"Daniel O Bittner, Caroline Roesner, Markus Goeller, Dorette Raaz-Schrauder, Damini Dey, Tobias Kilian, Stephan Achenbach, Mohamed Marwan","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The burden of coronary atherosclerosis differs between men and women. Beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory biomarkers can influence plaque progression. We analyzed the influence of sex on coronary atherosclerosis and inflammatory cytokines.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Coronary CT angiography was performed in 301 patients and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis was assessed using semi-automated software. We analyzed total (TPV), non-calcified (NCPV), calcified (CPV) and low-density plaque volume in mm³. Serum was analyzed for various cytokines. Out of 301 patients, 94 (31 %) were female and 207 (69 %) were male. Significant differences were seen between women and men respectively for age, BMI and smoking status (all p < 0.05). All plaque types showed significantly higher volumes in men as compared to women (all p < 0.05). In men, significantly lower serum levels for IL-2 (3.2vs.4.3; p = 0.01) and interferon-gamma (3.2vs.8.8; p < 0.001) but higher levels for MCP-1 (224vs.155; p < 0.001) were seen. In regression analysis, interferon-gamma - but not IL-2 or MCP-1 - showed significant inverse association with male sex (OR 0.32; 95 %CI: 0.16-0.67; p = 0.002). Of note, interferon-gamma levels significantly differed according to high and low TPV in men (16.8vs.9.9; p < 0.001) but not in women (14.5vs. 8.9; p = 0.65).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our cohort of individuals with suspected CAD undergoing coronary CTA, serum levels of interferon-gamma were significantly higher in women, in spite of a lower coronary plaque burden. Higher interferon-gamma levels were associated with higher plaque burden among men, but not in women, which suggests an influence of sex on the role of interferon-gamma in atherogenesis and atherosclerosis progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}