Science and Engineering Ethics最新文献_第6页

An Anticipatory Approach to Ethico-Legal Implications of Future Neurotechnology. 对未来神经技术伦理-法律影响的预测方法。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00482-4

Stephen Rainey

{"title":"An Anticipatory Approach to Ethico-Legal Implications of Future Neurotechnology.","authors":"Stephen Rainey","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00482-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00482-4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a justificatory rationale for recommending the inclusion of imagined future use cases in neurotechnology development processes, specifically for legal and policy ends. Including detailed imaginative engagement with future applications of neurotechnology can serve to connect ethical, legal, and policy issues potentially arising from the translation of brain stimulation research to the public consumer domain. Futurist scholars have for some time recommended approaches that merge creative arts with scientific development in order to theorise possible futures toward which current trends in technology development might be steered. Taking a creative, imaginative approach like this in the neurotechnology context can help move development processes beyond considerations of device functioning, safety, and compliance with existing regulation, and into an active engagement with potential future dynamics brought about by the emergence of the neurotechnology itself. Imagined scenarios can engage with potential consumer uses of devices that might come to challenge legal or policy contexts. An anticipatory, creative approach can imagine what such uses might consist in, and what they might imply. Justifying this approach also prompts a co-responsibility perspective for policymaking in technology contexts. Overall, this furnishes a mode of neurotechnology's emergence that can avoid crises of confidence in terms of ethico-legal issues, and promote policy responses balanced between knowledge, values, protected innovation potential, and regulatory safeguards.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"30 3","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11096192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Between Technological Utopia and Dystopia: Online Expression of Compulsory Use of Surveillance Technology. 技术乌托邦与乌托邦之间：强制使用监控技术的在线表达。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00483-3

Yu-Leung Ng, Zhihuai Lin

{"title":"Between Technological Utopia and Dystopia: Online Expression of Compulsory Use of Surveillance Technology.","authors":"Yu-Leung Ng, Zhihuai Lin","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00483-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00483-3","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated people's ethical concerns of surveillance technology. By adopting the spectrum of technological utopian and dystopian narratives, how people perceive a society constructed through the compulsory use of surveillance technology was explored. This study empirically examined the anonymous online expression of attitudes toward the society-wide, compulsory adoption of a contact tracing app that affected almost every aspect of all people's everyday lives at a societal level. By applying the structural topic modeling approach to analyze comments on four Hong Kong anonymous discussion forums, topics concerning the technological utopian, dystopian, and pragmatic views on the surveillance app were discovered. The findings showed that people with a technological utopian view on this app believed that the implementation of compulsory app use can facilitate social good and maintain social order. In contrast, individuals who had a technological dystopian view expressed privacy concerns and distrust of this surveillance technology. Techno-pragmatists took a balanced approach and evaluated its implementation practically.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"30 3","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11096232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Australia II: A Case Study in Engineering Ethics. 澳大利亚 II：工程伦理案例研究。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00477-1

Peter van Oossanen, Martin Peterson

{"title":"Australia II: A Case Study in Engineering Ethics.","authors":"Peter van Oossanen, Martin Peterson","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00477-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00477-1","url":null,"abstract":"Australia II became the first foreign yacht to win the America's Cup in 1983. The boat had a revolutionary wing keel and a better underwater hull form. In official documents, Ben Lexcen is credited with the design. He is also listed as the sole inventor of the wing keel in a patent application submitted on February 5, 1982. However, as reported in New York Times, Sydney Morning Herald, and Professional Boatbuilder, the wing keel was in fact designed by engineer Peter van Oossanen at the Netherlands Ship Model Basin in Wageningen, assisted by Dr. Joop Slooff at the National Aerospace Laboratory in Amsterdam. Based on telexes, letters, drawings, and other documents preserved in his personal archive, this paper presents van Oossanen's account of how the revolutionary wing keel was designed. This is followed by an ethical analysis by Martin Peterson, in which he applies the American NSPE and Dutch KIVI codes of ethics to the information provided by van Oossanen. The NSPE and KIVI codes give conflicting advice about the case, and it is not obvious which document is most relevant. This impasse is resolved by applying a method of applied ethics in which similarity-based reasoning is extended to cases that are not fully similar. The key idea, presented in Peterson's book The Ethics of Technology (Peterson, The ethics of technology: A geometric analysis of five moral principles, Oxford University Press, 2017), is to use moral paradigm cases as reference points for constructing a \"moral map\".","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"30 3","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11078783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Ethics of Electronic Tracking Devices in Dementia Care: An Interview Study with Developers. 痴呆症护理中电子追踪设备的伦理问题：开发人员访谈研究。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00478-0

Jared Howes, Yvonne Denier, Tijs Vandemeulebroucke, Chris Gastmans

{"title":"The Ethics of Electronic Tracking Devices in Dementia Care: An Interview Study with Developers.","authors":"Jared Howes, Yvonne Denier, Tijs Vandemeulebroucke, Chris Gastmans","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00478-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00478-0","url":null,"abstract":"Wandering is a symptom of dementia that can have devastating consequences on the lives of persons living with dementia and their families and caregivers. Increasingly, caregivers are turning towards electronic tracking devices to help manage wandering. Ethical questions have been raised regarding these location-based technologies and although qualitative research has been conducted to gain better insight into various stakeholders' views on the topic, developers of these technologies have been largely excluded. No qualitative research has focused on developers' perceptions of ethics related to electronic tracking devices. To address this, we performed a qualitative semi-structured interview study based on grounded theory. We interviewed 15 developers of electronic tracking devices to better understand how they perceive ethical issues surrounding the design, development, and use of these devices within dementia care. Our results reveal that developers are strongly motivated by moral considerations and believe that including stakeholders throughout the development process is critical for success. Developers felt a strong sense of moral obligation towards topics within their control and a weaker sense of moral obligation towards topics outside their control. This leads to a perceived moral boundary between development and use, where some moral responsibility is shifted to end-users.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"30 3","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11078786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140891289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Defining “Ethical Mathematical Practice” Through Engagement with Discipline-Adjacent Practice Standards and the Mathematical Community 通过与学科相邻的实践标准和数学界的接触来定义 "有道德的数学实践

IF 3.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00466-4

Rochelle E. Tractenberg, Victor I. Piercey, Catherine A. Buell

{"title":"Defining “Ethical Mathematical Practice” Through Engagement with Discipline-Adjacent Practice Standards and the Mathematical Community","authors":"Rochelle E. Tractenberg, Victor I. Piercey, Catherine A. Buell","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00466-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-024-00466-4","url":null,"abstract":"This project explored what constitutes “ethical practice of mathematics”. Thematic analysis of ethical practice standards from mathematics-adjacent disciplines (statistics and computing), were combined with two organizational codes of conduct and community input resulting in over 100 items. These analyses identified 29 of the 52 items in the 2018 American Statistical Association Ethical Guidelines for Statistical Practice, and 15 of the 24 additional (unique) items from the 2018 Association of Computing Machinery Code of Ethics for inclusion. Three of the 29 items synthesized from the 2019 American Mathematical Society Code of Ethics, and zero of the Mathematical Association of America Code of Ethics, were identified as reflective of “ethical mathematical practice” beyond items already identified from the other two codes. The community contributed six unique items. Item stems were standardized to, “The ethical mathematics practitioner…”. Invitations to complete the 30-min online survey were shared nationally (US) via Mathematics organization listservs and other widespread emails and announcements. We received 142 individual responses to the national survey, 75% of whom endorsed 41/52 items, with 90–100% endorsing 20/52 items on the survey. Items from different sources were endorsed at both high and low rates. A final thematic analysis yielded 44 items, grouped into “General” (12 items), “Profession” (10 items) and “Scholarship” (11 items). Moreover, for the practitioner in a leader/mentor/supervisor/instructor role, there are an additional 11 items (4 General/7 Professional). These results suggest that the community perceives a much wider range of behaviors by mathematicians to be subject to ethical practice standards than had been previously included in professional organization codes. The results provide evidence against the argument that mathematics practitioners engaged in “pure” or “theoretical” work have minimal, small, or no ethical obligations.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Employee Grievance Redressal and Corporate Ethics: Lessons from the Boeing 737-MAX Crashes 员工申诉处理与企业道德：波音 737-MAX 飞机失事的教训

IF 3.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00475-3

Shreesh Chary

引用次数: 0

Performing Platform Governance: Facebook and the Stage Management of Data Relations 执行平台治理：Facebook 与数据关系的舞台管理

IF 3.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00473-5

Karen Huang, P. M. Krafft

{"title":"Performing Platform Governance: Facebook and the Stage Management of Data Relations","authors":"Karen Huang, P. M. Krafft","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00473-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-024-00473-5","url":null,"abstract":"Controversies surrounding social media platforms have provided opportunities for institutional reflexivity amongst users and regulators on how to understand and govern platforms. Amidst contestation, platform companies have continued to enact projects that draw upon existing modes of privatized governance. We investigate how social media companies have attempted to achieve closure by continuing to set the terms around platform governance. We investigate two projects implemented by Facebook (Meta)—authenticity regulation and privacy controls—in response to the Russian Interference and Cambridge Analytica controversies surrounding the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election. Drawing on Goffman’s metaphor of stage management, we analyze the techniques deployed by Facebook to reinforce a division between what is visible and invisible to the user experience. These platform governance projects propose to act upon front-stage data relations: information that users can see from other users—whether that is content that users can see from “bad actors”, or information that other users can see about oneself. At the same time, these projects relegate back-stage data relations—information flows between users constituted by recommendation and targeted advertising systems—to invisibility and inaction. As such, Facebook renders the user experience actionable for governance, while foreclosing governance of back-stage data relations central to the economic value of the platform. As social media companies continue to perform platform governance projects following controversies, our paper invites reflection on the politics of these projects. By destabilizing the boundaries drawn by platform companies, we open space for continuous reflexivity on how platforms should be understood and governed.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140575261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Navigating the Science System: Research Integrity and Academic Survival Strategies 驾驭科学体系：科研诚信与学术生存策略

IF 3.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00467-3

Andrea Reyes Elizondo, Wolfgang Kaltenbrunner

{"title":"Navigating the Science System: Research Integrity and Academic Survival Strategies","authors":"Andrea Reyes Elizondo, Wolfgang Kaltenbrunner","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00467-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-024-00467-3","url":null,"abstract":"Research Integrity (RI) is high on the agenda of both institutions and science policy. The European Union as well as national ministries of science have launched ambitious initiatives to combat misconduct and breaches of research integrity. Often, such initiatives entail attempts to regulate scientific behavior through guidelines that institutions and academic communities can use to more easily identify and deal with cases of misconduct. Rather than framing misconduct as a result of an information deficit, we instead conceptualize Questionable Research Practices (QRPs) as attempts by researchers to reconcile epistemic and social forms of uncertainty in knowledge production. Drawing on previous literature, we define epistemic uncertainty as the inherent intellectual unpredictability of scientific inquiry, while social uncertainty arises from the human-made conditions for scientific work. Our core argument—developed on the basis of 30 focus group interviews with researchers across different fields and European countries—is that breaches of research integrity can be understood as attempts to loosen overly tight coupling between the two forms of uncertainty. Our analytical approach is not meant to relativize or excuse misconduct, but rather to offer a more fine-grained perspective on what exactly it is that researchers want to accomplish by engaging in it. Based on the analysis, we conclude by proposing some concrete ways in which institutions and academic communities could try to reconcile epistemic and social uncertainties on a more collective level, thereby reducing incentives for researchers to engage in misconduct.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140575555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial Intelligence and Agency: Tie-breaking in AI Decision-Making. 人工智能与机构：人工智能决策中的决胜局。

IF 3.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00476-2

Danielle Swanepoel, Daniel Corks

引用次数: 0

Technology and the Situationist Challenge to Virtue Ethics. 技术与情境主义对美德伦理的挑战。

IF 3.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00474-4

Fabio Tollon

引用次数: 0