Science and Engineering Ethics最新文献_第6页

Embodiment, Relationships, and Sexuality: An Ethical Analysis of Extended Reality Technologies. 体现、关系和性：扩展现实技术的伦理分析。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-025-00563-y

Erick José Ramirez, Laura Clark, Sydney Campbell, Julian Dreiman, Dorian Clay, Raghav Gupta, Shelby Jennett

{"title":"Embodiment, Relationships, and Sexuality: An Ethical Analysis of Extended Reality Technologies.","authors":"Erick José Ramirez, Laura Clark, Sydney Campbell, Julian Dreiman, Dorian Clay, Raghav Gupta, Shelby Jennett","doi":"10.1007/s11948-025-00563-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-025-00563-y","url":null,"abstract":"Communication technologies change the way we relate to each other and ourselves. In this essay we analyze the effects that extended reality (XR) technologies are likely to have on conceptions of the self, romantic relationships, and other associated concepts like sexual orientation. While these technologies are in their infancy, key psychological and philosophical concepts are already being explored. We begin by defining extended reality and the family of technologies that make it possible. We pay special attention to the way these immersive technologies ground the experiences of presence which can become virtually real. These experiences provide a useful framework for understanding the phenomena of XR embodiment. XR embodiment, the experience of one’s self as embodied in XR, opens up the possibility of blended physical and digital narrative selves which form the basis of new forms of relationships. In a future where XR is incorporated into the basic social and political structures of society, XR embodiment and virtually real experiences challenge normative concepts like sex and sexual orientation. Contemporary conceptions of the self, sex, consent, and love emerged in purely physical contexts to help us navigate the limitations of physical embodiment. XR embodiment requires a new ethical framework to make room for these possibilities. We end the paper by assessing ethical risks XR embodiment can introduce for XR developers, and researchers.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 6","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12618374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145524593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What's Economics Got to Do with It? Providing Theoretical Clarity on ELSA of AI. 这与经济学有什么关系？为人工智能的ELSA提供理论清晰度。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-025-00564-x

Mark Ryan, Vincent Blok

{"title":"What's Economics Got to Do with It? Providing Theoretical Clarity on ELSA of AI.","authors":"Mark Ryan, Vincent Blok","doi":"10.1007/s11948-025-00564-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-025-00564-x","url":null,"abstract":"While research in the ethics of artificial intelligence (AI) has grown recently, the relationship between AI's ethical and economic dimensions is under-researched. This is surprising, given the considerable investments in AI by Big Tech companies (e.g., Microsoft, META and IBM) and their ambiguous role in today's public debate on AI. After the second Trump election, this ambiguity has resulted in industry opposition to rules and regulations (e.g., disinvestments in moderation facilities at social media platforms and calls for deregulation). AI ethics must respond to the economic underpinnings of this situation.While economics in AI ethics has also been seen in recent funding schemes (e.g., investment in 30 ethical, legal, and social (ELSA) labs), there is a ambiguity in how these AI ELSA labs should respond to economic aspects. This paper examines the role of economics in responsible AI research, using the case of the ELSA lab approach. The four features of ELSA (proximity, anticipation, interdisciplinarity, and interactivity) serve as a point of departure to demonstrate how economics can be integrated within the ELSA framework of AI. This paper proposes that economics should be integrated within these four ELSA features to implement responsible AI successfully.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 6","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12618393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145524569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Responsibility Gaps, LLMs & Organisations: Many Agents, Many Levels, and Many Interactions. 责任差距，法学硕士和组织：许多代理人，许多层次和许多互动。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-025-00560-1

Mihaela Constantinescu, Muel Kaptein

{"title":"Responsibility Gaps, LLMs & Organisations: Many Agents, Many Levels, and Many Interactions.","authors":"Mihaela Constantinescu, Muel Kaptein","doi":"10.1007/s11948-025-00560-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-025-00560-1","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we propose a business ethics-inspired approach to address the distribution dimension of responsibility gaps introduced by general-purpose AI models, particularly large language models (LLMs). We argue that the pervasive deployment of LLMs exacerbates the long-standing problem of “many hands” in business ethics, which concerns the challenge of allocating moral responsibility for collective outcomes. In response to this issue, we introduce the “many-agents-many-levels-many-interactions” approach, labelled M3, which addresses responsibility gaps in LLM deployment by considering the complex web of interactions among diverse types of agents operating across multiple levels of action. The M3 approach demonstrates that responsibility distribution is not merely a function of agents’ roles or causal proximity, but primarily of the range and depth of their interactions. Contrary to reductionist views that suggest such complexity inevitably diffuses responsibility to the point of its disappearance, we argue that these interactions provide normative grounds for safeguarding the attribution of responsibility to agents. Central to the M3 approach is identifying agents who serve as nodes of interaction and therefore emerge as key loci of responsibility due to their capacity to influence others across different levels. We position LLM-developing organisations as an example of such agents. As nodes of interactions, LLM-developing organisations exert substantial influence over other agents and should be attributed broader responsibility for harmful outcomes of LLMs. The M3 approach thus offers a normative and practical tool for bridging potential gaps in the distribution of responsibility for LLM deployment.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 6","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12615531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145507561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Case Study in Arts-Informed Ethics Education in the Nuclear and Radiological Sciences. 核与放射科学中的艺术知情伦理教育个案研究。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-025-00558-9

Nicole E Martinez, Sarah E Donaher, Jonathan S Nagata, Lindsay Shuller-Nickles

{"title":"A Case Study in Arts-Informed Ethics Education in the Nuclear and Radiological Sciences.","authors":"Nicole E Martinez, Sarah E Donaher, Jonathan S Nagata, Lindsay Shuller-Nickles","doi":"10.1007/s11948-025-00558-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-025-00558-9","url":null,"abstract":"There is a need for cross-disciplinary researchers and professionals in the radiological sciences who can navigate complex interconnected ethical-social-technical issues, communicate across a wide audience in consideration of multiple stakeholder perspectives, and remain self-critical, aware, and reflective of the field with the intent of continuous improvement within the broader profession. Given that traditional curriculum related to the nuclear and radiological sciences emphasizes the technological, scientific aspects of radioactivity and ionizing radiation, a graduate-level course in \"nuclear culture\" was developed that employs various forms of art, expression, and material culture as a vehicle for encouraging deeper, dedicated reflection on related social and ethical issues. This paper provides a description of course structure and representative content, along with discussion of student perceptions, as a case study in the use of an arts-informed approach (that is, a STEAM-based approach) to guiding students through perspective-taking, self-expression, and authentic and critical evaluation of broad issues surrounding current and historical use of radiation. The course consists of discussions, reflective writing, and projects, supplemented with hands-on activities. Student perceptions of the course, elucidated through thematic analysis of post-hoc surveys, revolved around: novel educational approaches; student engagement and validation; ethics, morals, and empathy; and the societal impact of nuclear. Review of student and instructor perceptions suggests that art in various forms can be incorporated into graduate-level curriculum to improve the educational experience of nuclear-focused students and promote deeper reflection and understanding of social and ethical issues related to their chosen field.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 6","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12615525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145507563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Compliance with Clinical Guidelines and AI-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems: Implications for Ethics and Trust. 遵守临床指南和基于人工智能的临床决策支持系统：对伦理和信任的影响。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-025-00562-z

Éric Pardoux, Angeliki Kerasidou

{"title":"Compliance with Clinical Guidelines and AI-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems: Implications for Ethics and Trust.","authors":"Éric Pardoux, Angeliki Kerasidou","doi":"10.1007/s11948-025-00562-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-025-00562-z","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) is gradually transforming healthcare. However, despite its promised benefits, AI in healthcare also raises a number of ethical, legal and social concerns. Compliance by design (CbD) has been proposed as one way of addressing some of these concerns. In the context of healthcare, CbD efforts could focus on building compliance with existing clinical guidelines (CGs), given that they provide the best practices identified according to evidence-based medicine. In this paper we use the example of AI-based clinical decision support systems (CDSS) to theoretically examine whether medical AI tools could be designed to be inherently compliant with CGs, and implication for ethics and trust. We argue that AI-based CDSS systematically complying with CGs when applied to specific patient cases are not desirable, as CGs, despite their usefulness in guiding medical decision-making, are only recommendations on how to diagnose and treat medical conditions. We thus propose a new understanding of CbD for CGs as a sociotechnical program supported by AI that applies to the whole clinical decision-making process rather than just understanding CbD for CGs as a process located only within the AI tool. This implies taking into account emerging knowledge from actual clinical practices to put CGs in perspective, reflexivity from users regarding the information needed for decision-making, as well as a shift in the design culture, from AI as a stand-alone tool to AI as an in-situ service located within particular healthcare settings.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 6","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12615534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145507530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Filling the Responsibility Gap: Agency and Responsibility in the Technological Age. 填补责任缺口：技术时代的代理与责任。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-025-00561-0

Yong-Hong Xia

{"title":"Filling the Responsibility Gap: Agency and Responsibility in the Technological Age.","authors":"Yong-Hong Xia","doi":"10.1007/s11948-025-00561-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-025-00561-0","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of automation, such as artificial intelligence, has significantly reduced human agency in artifact-involving actions, thereby giving rise to a moral dilemma known as the responsibility gap. In this dilemma, moral undesirable consequences arise from technology, yet no one is held accountable because individuals lack control over their actions and their outcomes, as well as the ability to predict these outcomes, rendering them morally blameless. This paper proposes a framework based on externalist agency and distributed responsibility, aiming to address this problem by assigning accountability to artifacts. Externalist agency holds that agency is a gradient concept rather than an all-or-nothing one. Between fully autonomous agency and non-agency, there are three intermediate gradients: distributed agency, constrained agency, and derivative agency. Distributed responsibility holds that responsibility should be allocated according to these gradients of agency. For both humans and artifacts: if an agent possesses derivative agency, forgiveness is warranted; if it possesses distributed agency, punishment is justifiable. This paper further suggests that punishment for artifacts can take the form of punishment for technological lineage—that is, modifying the design of technologies to guide their evolution toward safer and more ethical directions.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 6","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12589311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145446297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hidden Agents, Explicit Obligations: A Linguistic Analysis of AI Ethics Guidelines. 隐藏的代理人，明确的义务：人工智能伦理准则的语言分析。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-025-00559-8

Tricia A Griffin, Roos Goorman, Brian P Green, Jos V M Welie

{"title":"Hidden Agents, Explicit Obligations: A Linguistic Analysis of AI Ethics Guidelines.","authors":"Tricia A Griffin, Roos Goorman, Brian P Green, Jos V M Welie","doi":"10.1007/s11948-025-00559-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-025-00559-8","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2013, many organizations, governments, and coalitions have issued ethics guidelines aimed at achieving ethically sound artificial intelligence (AI). The literature evaluating these guidelines has so far focused more on what is in them (e.g., principles) than on who is expected to enact them (e.g., developers). We argue that ethical agency in AI Ethics guidelines has been under-scrutinized in the literature, and we seek here to fill that gap. This study relies on transitivity analysis to evaluate 87 operational ethics guidelines for the representation of moral agents and their agency. We identified normative key words, their linguistic function, and agency attribution in 6,935 statements. Our findings reveal 11 distinct agents, with deployers, developers, and AI systems being the most frequently invoked. However, the ethical agency attributed to developers and deployers was overwhelmingly implied, while the tasks assigned to them were more often normative than descriptive. That the agency of the two most powerful agents in AI development is so often hidden in ethics guidelines reveals that the challenges associated with implementing AI ethics guidelines does not stem merely from the “principles to practice” problem, but from a more deeply rooted issue regarding how guideline authors conceive of ethical agency. We evaluate the findings through the dual lenses of agent backgrounding and agent suppression and conclude with advice for authors of ethics guidelines.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 6","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12572076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145402608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Big Data, Machine Learning, and Personalization in Health Systems: Ethical Issues and Emerging Trade-Offs. 医疗系统中的大数据、机器学习和个性化：伦理问题和新兴权衡。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-025-00552-1

Stefano Canali, Alessandro Falcetta, Massimo Pavan, Manuel Roveri, Viola Schiaffonati

引用次数: 0

From Nano to Quantum: Ethics Through a Lens of Continuity. 从纳米到量子：连续性镜头下的伦理学。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-025-00557-w

Clare Shelley-Egan, Eline De Jong

{"title":"From Nano to Quantum: Ethics Through a Lens of Continuity.","authors":"Clare Shelley-Egan, Eline De Jong","doi":"10.1007/s11948-025-00557-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-025-00557-w","url":null,"abstract":"A significant amount of scholarship and funding has been dedicated to ethical and social studies of new and emerging science and technology (NEST), from nanotechnology to synthetic biology, and Artificial Intelligence. Quantum technologies comprise the latest NEST attracting interest from scholarship in the social sciences and humanities. While there is a small community now emerging around broader discussion of quantum technologies in society, the concepts of ethics of quantum technologies and responsible innovation are still fluid. In this article, we argue that lessons from previous instances of NEST can offer important insights into the early stages of quantum technology discourse and development. In the embryonic stages of discourse around NEST, there is often an undue emphasis on the novelty of ethical issues, leading to speculation and misplaced resources and energy. Using a lens of continuity, we revisit experiences and lessons from nanotechnology discourse. Zooming in on key characteristics of the nanoethics discourse, we use these features as analytical tools with which to assess and analyse emerging discourse around quantum technologies. We point to continuities between nano and quantum discourse, including the focus on 'responsible' or 'good' technology; the intensification of ethical issues brought about by enabling technologies; the limitations and risks of speculative ethics; the effects of ambivalence on the framing of ethics; and the importance of paying attention to the present. These issues are taken forward to avoid 'reinventing the wheel' and to offer guidance in shaping the ethics discourse around quantum technologies into a more focused and effective debate.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 5","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12518464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethics Readiness of Technology: The Case for Aligning Ethical Approaches with Technological Maturity. 技术的伦理准备：将伦理方法与技术成熟度相结合的案例。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-025-00556-x

Eline de Jong

{"title":"Ethics Readiness of Technology: The Case for Aligning Ethical Approaches with Technological Maturity.","authors":"Eline de Jong","doi":"10.1007/s11948-025-00556-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-025-00556-x","url":null,"abstract":"The ethics of emerging technologies faces an anticipation dilemma: engaging too early risks overly speculative concerns, while engaging too late may forfeit the chance to shape a technology's trajectory. Despite various methods to address this challenge, no framework exists to assess their suitability across different stages of technological development. This paper proposes such a framework. I conceptualise two main ethical approaches: outcomes-oriented ethics, which assesses the potential consequences of a technology's materialisation, and meaning-oriented ethics, which examines how (social) meaning is attributed to a technology. I argue that the strengths and limitations of outcomes- and meaning-oriented ethics depend on the uncertainties surrounding a technology, which shift as it matures. To capture this evolution, I introduce the concept of ethics readiness-the readiness of a technology to undergo detailed ethical scrutiny. Building on the widely known Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs), I propose Ethics Readiness Levels (ERLs) to illustrate how the suitability of ethical approaches evolves with a technology's development. At lower ERLs, where uncertainties are most pronounced, meaning-oriented ethics proves more effective; while at higher ERLs, as impacts become clearer, outcomes-oriented ethics gains relevance. By linking Ethics Readiness to Technology Readiness, this framework underscores that the appropriateness of ethical approaches evolves alongside technological maturity, ensuring scrutiny remains grounded and relevant. Finally, I demonstrate the practical value of this framework by applying it to quantum technologies, showing how Ethics Readiness can guide effective ethical engagement.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 5","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12518457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0