Science and Engineering Ethics最新文献_第5页

What does the Thinking about Relationalism and Humanness in African Philosophy imply for Different Modes of Being Present in the Metaverse? 非洲哲学中关于关系主义和人性的思考对于元宇宙中的不同存在模式意味着什么？

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00496-y

Cornelius Ewuoso

{"title":"What does the Thinking about Relationalism and Humanness in African Philosophy imply for Different Modes of Being Present in the Metaverse?","authors":"Cornelius Ewuoso","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00496-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00496-y","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I interrogate whether the deployment and development of the Metaverse should take into account African values and modes of knowing to foster the uptake of this hyped technology in Africa. Specifically, I draw on the moral norms arising from the components of communal interactions and humanness in Afro-communitarianism to contend that the deployment of the Metaverse and its development ought to reflect core African moral values to foster its uptake in the region. To adequately align the Metaverse with African core values and thus foster its uptake among Africans, significant technological advancement that makes simulating genuine human experiences possible must occur. Additionally, it would be necessary for the developers and deployers to ensure that higher forms of spiritual activities can be had in the Metaverse to foster its uptake in Africa. Finally, I justify why the preceding points do not necessarily imply that the Metaverse will have a higher moral status than real life on the moral scale that can be grounded in Afro-communitarianism.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"30 4","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11266389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact and Assessment of Research Integrity Teaching: A Systematic Literature Review. 研究诚信教学的影响与评估：系统文献综述》。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00493-1

Daniel Crean, Bert Gordijn, Alan J Kearns

{"title":"Impact and Assessment of Research Integrity Teaching: A Systematic Literature Review.","authors":"Daniel Crean, Bert Gordijn, Alan J Kearns","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00493-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00493-1","url":null,"abstract":"Presented here is a systematic literature review of what the academic literature asserts about: (1) the stages of the ethical decision-making process (i.e. awareness, reasoning, motivation, and action) that are claimed to be improved or not improved by RI teaching and whether these claims are supported by evidence; (2) the measurements used to determine the effectiveness of RI teaching; and (3) the stage/s of the ethical decision-making process that are difficult to assess. Regarding (1), awareness was the stage most claimed to be amenable to improvement following RI teaching, and with motivation being the stage that is rarely addressed in the academic literature. While few, some sources claimed RI teaching cannot improve specific stages. With behaviour (action) being the stage referenced most, albeit in only 9% of the total sources, for not being amenable to improvement following RI teaching. Finally, most claims were supported by empirical evidence. Regarding (2), measures most frequently used are custom in-house surveys and some validated measures. Additionally, there is much debate in the literature regarding the adequacy of current assessment measures in RI teaching, and even their absence. Such debate warrants caution when we are considering the empirical evidence supplied to support that RI teaching does or does not improve a specific stage of the decision-making process. Regarding (3), only behaviour was discussed as being difficult to assess, if not impossible. In our discussion section we contextualise these results, and following this we derive some recommendations for relevant stakeholders in RI teaching.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"30 4","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11266247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Western Philosophers of Technology Might Learn from Li Bocong's Philosophy of Engineering. 西方技术哲学家可以从李伯聪的工程哲学中学到什么？

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00490-4

Nan Wang, Carl Mitcham

引用次数: 0

The Role of Engineering Ethics in Mitigating Corruption in Infrastructure Systems Delivery. 工程伦理在减少基础设施系统交付腐败中的作用。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00494-0

S A Ghahari, C Queiroz, S Labi, S McNeil

{"title":"The Role of Engineering Ethics in Mitigating Corruption in Infrastructure Systems Delivery.","authors":"S A Ghahari, C Queiroz, S Labi, S McNeil","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00494-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00494-0","url":null,"abstract":"Indications that corruption mitigation in infrastructure systems delivery can be effective are found in the literature. However, there is an untapped opportunity to further enhance the efficacy of existing corruption mitigation strategies by placing them explicitly within the larger context of engineering ethics, and relevant policy statements, guidelines, codes and manuals published by international organizations. An effective matching of these formal statements on ethics to infrastructure systems delivery facilitates the identification of potential corruption hotspots and thus help establish or strengthen institutional mechanisms that address corruption. This paper reviews professional codes of ethics, and relevant literature on corruption mitigation in the context of civil engineering infrastructure development, as a platform for building a structure that connects ethical tenets and the mitigation strategies. The paper assesses corruption mitigation strategies against the background of the fundamental canons of practice in civil engineering ethical codes. As such, the paper's assessment is grounded in the civil engineer's ethical responsibilities (to society, the profession, and peers) and principles (such as safety, health, welfare, respect, and honesty) that are common to professional codes of ethics in engineering practice. Addressing corruption in infrastructure development continues to be imperative for national economic and social development, and such exigency is underscored by the sheer scale of investments in infrastructure development in any country and the billions of dollars lost annually through corruption and fraud.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"30 4","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11258101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141635513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decentralising the Self - Ethical Considerations in Utilizing Decentralised Web Technology for Direct Brain Interfaces. 去中心化的自我--利用去中心化网络技术实现直接脑界面的伦理考虑。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00492-2

David M Lyreskog, Hazem Zohny, Sebastian Porsdam Mann, Ilina Singh, Julian Savulescu

{"title":"Decentralising the Self - Ethical Considerations in Utilizing Decentralised Web Technology for Direct Brain Interfaces.","authors":"David M Lyreskog, Hazem Zohny, Sebastian Porsdam Mann, Ilina Singh, Julian Savulescu","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00492-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00492-2","url":null,"abstract":"The rapidly advancing field of brain-computer (BCI) and brain-to-brain interfaces (BBI) is stimulating interest across various sectors including medicine, entertainment, research, and military. The developers of large-scale brain-computer networks, sometimes dubbed 'Mindplexes' or 'Cloudminds', aim to enhance cognitive functions by distributing them across expansive networks. A key technical challenge is the efficient transmission and storage of information. One proposed solution is employing blockchain technology over Web 3.0 to create decentralised cognitive entities. This paper explores the potential of a decentralised web for coordinating large brain-computer constellations, and its associated benefits, focusing in particular on the conceptual and ethical challenges this innovation may pose pertaining to (1) Identity, (2) Sovereignty (encompassing Autonomy, Authenticity, and Ownership), (3) Responsibility and Accountability, and (4) Privacy, Safety, and Security. We suggest that while a decentralised web can address some concerns and mitigate certain risks, underlying ethical issues persist. Fundamental questions about entity definition within these networks, the distinctions between individuals and collectives, and responsibility distribution within and between networks, demand further exploration.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"30 4","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11252225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141621585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Owning Decisions: AI Decision-Support and the Attributability-Gap. 拥有决策：人工智能决策支持与属性差距。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00485-1

Jannik Zeiser

{"title":"Owning Decisions: AI Decision-Support and the Attributability-Gap.","authors":"Jannik Zeiser","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00485-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00485-1","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) has long been recognised as a challenge to responsibility. Much of this discourse has been framed around robots, such as autonomous weapons or self-driving cars, where we arguably lack control over a machine's behaviour and therefore struggle to identify an agent that can be held accountable. However, most of today's AI is based on machine-learning technology that does not act on its own, but rather serves as a decision-support tool, automatically analysing data to help human agents make better decisions. I argue that decision-support tools pose a challenge to responsibility that goes beyond the familiar problem of finding someone to blame or punish for the behaviour of agent-like systems. Namely, they pose a problem for what we might call \"decision ownership\": they make it difficult to identify human agents to whom we can attribute value-judgements that are reflected in decisions. Drawing on recent philosophical literature on responsibility and its various facets, I argue that this is primarily a problem of attributability rather than of accountability. This particular responsibility problem comes in different forms and degrees, most obviously when an AI provides direct recommendations for actions, but also, less obviously, when it provides mere descriptive information on the basis of which a decision is made.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"30 4","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11189344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Pixels to Principles: A Decade of Progress and Landscape in Trustworthy Computer Vision. 从像素到原理：值得信赖的计算机视觉十年进展与展望》。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00480-6

Kexin Huang, Yan Teng, Yang Chen, Yingchun Wang

{"title":"From Pixels to Principles: A Decade of Progress and Landscape in Trustworthy Computer Vision.","authors":"Kexin Huang, Yan Teng, Yang Chen, Yingchun Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00480-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00480-6","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of computer vision technologies and applications has brought forth a range of social and ethical challenges. Due to the unique characteristics of visual technology in terms of data modalities and application scenarios, computer vision poses specific ethical issues. However, the majority of existing literature either addresses artificial intelligence as a whole or pays particular attention to natural language processing, leaving a gap in specialized research on ethical issues and systematic solutions in the field of computer vision. This paper utilizes bibliometrics and text-mining techniques to quantitatively analyze papers from prominent academic conferences in computer vision over the past decade. It first reveals the developing trends and specific distribution of attention regarding trustworthy aspects in the computer vision field, as well as the inherent connections between ethical dimensions and different stages of visual model development. A life-cycle framework regarding trustworthy computer vision is then presented by making the relevant trustworthy issues, the operation pipeline of AI models, and viable technical solutions interconnected, providing researchers and policymakers with references and guidance for achieving trustworthy CV. Finally, it discusses particular motivations for conducting trustworthy practices and underscores the consistency and ambivalence among various trustworthy principles and technical attributes.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"30 3","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11164730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141297147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Defending and Defining Environmental Responsibilities for the Health Research Sector. 捍卫和界定健康研究部门的环境责任。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00487-z

Bridget Pratt

引用次数: 0

AI Through Ethical Lenses: A Discourse Analysis of Guidelines for AI in Healthcare. 伦理视角下的人工智能：医疗保健领域人工智能指南的话语分析》。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00486-0

Laura Arbelaez Ossa, Stephen R Milford, Michael Rost, Anja K Leist, David M Shaw, Bernice S Elger

{"title":"AI Through Ethical Lenses: A Discourse Analysis of Guidelines for AI in Healthcare.","authors":"Laura Arbelaez Ossa, Stephen R Milford, Michael Rost, Anja K Leist, David M Shaw, Bernice S Elger","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00486-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00486-0","url":null,"abstract":"While the technologies that enable Artificial Intelligence (AI) continue to advance rapidly, there are increasing promises regarding AI's beneficial outputs and concerns about the challenges of human-computer interaction in healthcare. To address these concerns, institutions have increasingly resorted to publishing AI guidelines for healthcare, aiming to align AI with ethical practices. However, guidelines as a form of written language can be analyzed to recognize the reciprocal links between its textual communication and underlying societal ideas. From this perspective, we conducted a discourse analysis to understand how these guidelines construct, articulate, and frame ethics for AI in healthcare. We included eight guidelines and identified three prevalent and interwoven discourses: (1) AI is unavoidable and desirable; (2) AI needs to be guided with (some forms of) principles (3) trust in AI is instrumental and primary. These discourses signal an over-spillage of technical ideals to AI ethics, such as over-optimism and resulting hyper-criticism. This research provides insights into the underlying ideas present in AI guidelines and how guidelines influence the practice and alignment of AI with ethical, legal, and societal values expected to shape AI in healthcare.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"30 3","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11150179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparing First-Year Engineering Student Conceptions of Ethical Decision-Making to Performance on Standardized Assessments of Ethical Reasoning. 比较工科一年级学生的道德决策观念与道德推理标准化评估成绩。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00488-y

Richard T Cimino, Scott C Streiner, Daniel D Burkey, Michael F Young, Landon Bassett, Joshua B Reed

{"title":"Comparing First-Year Engineering Student Conceptions of Ethical Decision-Making to Performance on Standardized Assessments of Ethical Reasoning.","authors":"Richard T Cimino, Scott C Streiner, Daniel D Burkey, Michael F Young, Landon Bassett, Joshua B Reed","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00488-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00488-y","url":null,"abstract":"The Defining Issues Test 2 (DIT-2) and Engineering Ethical Reasoning Instrument (EERI) are designed to measure ethical reasoning of general (DIT-2) and engineering-student (EERI) populations. These tools-and the DIT-2 especially-have gained wide usage for assessing the ethical reasoning of undergraduate students. This paper reports on a research study in which the ethical reasoning of first-year undergraduate engineering students at multiple universities was assessed with both of these tools. In addition to these two instruments, students were also asked to create personal concept maps of the phrase \"ethical decision-making.\" It was hypothesized that students whose instrument scores reflected more postconventional levels of moral development and more sophisticated ethical reasoning skills would likewise have richer, more detailed concept maps of ethical decision-making, reflecting their deeper levels of understanding of this topic and the complex of related concepts. In fact, there was no significant correlation between the instrument scores and concept map scoring, suggesting that the way first-year students conceptualize ethical decision making does not predict the way they behave when performing scenario-based ethical reasoning (perhaps more situated). This disparity indicates a need to more precisely quantify engineering ethical reasoning and decision making, if we wish to inform assessment outcomes using the results of such quantitative analyses.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"30 3","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11150177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0