Science and Engineering Ethics最新文献_第4页

From Pixels to Principles: A Decade of Progress and Landscape in Trustworthy Computer Vision. 从像素到原理：值得信赖的计算机视觉十年进展与展望》。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00480-6

Kexin Huang, Yan Teng, Yang Chen, Yingchun Wang

{"title":"From Pixels to Principles: A Decade of Progress and Landscape in Trustworthy Computer Vision.","authors":"Kexin Huang, Yan Teng, Yang Chen, Yingchun Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00480-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00480-6","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of computer vision technologies and applications has brought forth a range of social and ethical challenges. Due to the unique characteristics of visual technology in terms of data modalities and application scenarios, computer vision poses specific ethical issues. However, the majority of existing literature either addresses artificial intelligence as a whole or pays particular attention to natural language processing, leaving a gap in specialized research on ethical issues and systematic solutions in the field of computer vision. This paper utilizes bibliometrics and text-mining techniques to quantitatively analyze papers from prominent academic conferences in computer vision over the past decade. It first reveals the developing trends and specific distribution of attention regarding trustworthy aspects in the computer vision field, as well as the inherent connections between ethical dimensions and different stages of visual model development. A life-cycle framework regarding trustworthy computer vision is then presented by making the relevant trustworthy issues, the operation pipeline of AI models, and viable technical solutions interconnected, providing researchers and policymakers with references and guidance for achieving trustworthy CV. Finally, it discusses particular motivations for conducting trustworthy practices and underscores the consistency and ambivalence among various trustworthy principles and technical attributes.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"30 3","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11164730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141297147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Defending and Defining Environmental Responsibilities for the Health Research Sector. 捍卫和界定健康研究部门的环境责任。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00487-z

Bridget Pratt

引用次数: 0

AI Through Ethical Lenses: A Discourse Analysis of Guidelines for AI in Healthcare. 伦理视角下的人工智能：医疗保健领域人工智能指南的话语分析》。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00486-0

Laura Arbelaez Ossa, Stephen R Milford, Michael Rost, Anja K Leist, David M Shaw, Bernice S Elger

{"title":"AI Through Ethical Lenses: A Discourse Analysis of Guidelines for AI in Healthcare.","authors":"Laura Arbelaez Ossa, Stephen R Milford, Michael Rost, Anja K Leist, David M Shaw, Bernice S Elger","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00486-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00486-0","url":null,"abstract":"While the technologies that enable Artificial Intelligence (AI) continue to advance rapidly, there are increasing promises regarding AI's beneficial outputs and concerns about the challenges of human-computer interaction in healthcare. To address these concerns, institutions have increasingly resorted to publishing AI guidelines for healthcare, aiming to align AI with ethical practices. However, guidelines as a form of written language can be analyzed to recognize the reciprocal links between its textual communication and underlying societal ideas. From this perspective, we conducted a discourse analysis to understand how these guidelines construct, articulate, and frame ethics for AI in healthcare. We included eight guidelines and identified three prevalent and interwoven discourses: (1) AI is unavoidable and desirable; (2) AI needs to be guided with (some forms of) principles (3) trust in AI is instrumental and primary. These discourses signal an over-spillage of technical ideals to AI ethics, such as over-optimism and resulting hyper-criticism. This research provides insights into the underlying ideas present in AI guidelines and how guidelines influence the practice and alignment of AI with ethical, legal, and societal values expected to shape AI in healthcare.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"30 3","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11150179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparing First-Year Engineering Student Conceptions of Ethical Decision-Making to Performance on Standardized Assessments of Ethical Reasoning. 比较工科一年级学生的道德决策观念与道德推理标准化评估成绩。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00488-y

Richard T Cimino, Scott C Streiner, Daniel D Burkey, Michael F Young, Landon Bassett, Joshua B Reed

{"title":"Comparing First-Year Engineering Student Conceptions of Ethical Decision-Making to Performance on Standardized Assessments of Ethical Reasoning.","authors":"Richard T Cimino, Scott C Streiner, Daniel D Burkey, Michael F Young, Landon Bassett, Joshua B Reed","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00488-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00488-y","url":null,"abstract":"The Defining Issues Test 2 (DIT-2) and Engineering Ethical Reasoning Instrument (EERI) are designed to measure ethical reasoning of general (DIT-2) and engineering-student (EERI) populations. These tools-and the DIT-2 especially-have gained wide usage for assessing the ethical reasoning of undergraduate students. This paper reports on a research study in which the ethical reasoning of first-year undergraduate engineering students at multiple universities was assessed with both of these tools. In addition to these two instruments, students were also asked to create personal concept maps of the phrase \"ethical decision-making.\" It was hypothesized that students whose instrument scores reflected more postconventional levels of moral development and more sophisticated ethical reasoning skills would likewise have richer, more detailed concept maps of ethical decision-making, reflecting their deeper levels of understanding of this topic and the complex of related concepts. In fact, there was no significant correlation between the instrument scores and concept map scoring, suggesting that the way first-year students conceptualize ethical decision making does not predict the way they behave when performing scenario-based ethical reasoning (perhaps more situated). This disparity indicates a need to more precisely quantify engineering ethical reasoning and decision making, if we wish to inform assessment outcomes using the results of such quantitative analyses.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"30 3","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11150177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rethinking Health Recommender Systems for Active Aging: An Autonomy-Based Ethical Analysis. 重新思考积极养老的健康推荐系统：基于自主权的伦理分析。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00479-z

Simona Tiribelli, Davide Calvaresi

引用次数: 0

Epistemic Trust in Scientific Experts: A Moral Dimension. 对科学专家的认识论信任：道德层面。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00489-x

George Kwasi Barimah

引用次数: 0

Correction: Mapping Ethical Artificial Intelligence Policy Landscape: A Mixed Method Analysis. 更正：绘制人工智能伦理政策图：混合方法分析。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00484-2

Tahereh Saheb, Tayebeh Saheb

引用次数: 0

An Anticipatory Approach to Ethico-Legal Implications of Future Neurotechnology. 对未来神经技术伦理-法律影响的预测方法。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00482-4

Stephen Rainey

{"title":"An Anticipatory Approach to Ethico-Legal Implications of Future Neurotechnology.","authors":"Stephen Rainey","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00482-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00482-4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a justificatory rationale for recommending the inclusion of imagined future use cases in neurotechnology development processes, specifically for legal and policy ends. Including detailed imaginative engagement with future applications of neurotechnology can serve to connect ethical, legal, and policy issues potentially arising from the translation of brain stimulation research to the public consumer domain. Futurist scholars have for some time recommended approaches that merge creative arts with scientific development in order to theorise possible futures toward which current trends in technology development might be steered. Taking a creative, imaginative approach like this in the neurotechnology context can help move development processes beyond considerations of device functioning, safety, and compliance with existing regulation, and into an active engagement with potential future dynamics brought about by the emergence of the neurotechnology itself. Imagined scenarios can engage with potential consumer uses of devices that might come to challenge legal or policy contexts. An anticipatory, creative approach can imagine what such uses might consist in, and what they might imply. Justifying this approach also prompts a co-responsibility perspective for policymaking in technology contexts. Overall, this furnishes a mode of neurotechnology's emergence that can avoid crises of confidence in terms of ethico-legal issues, and promote policy responses balanced between knowledge, values, protected innovation potential, and regulatory safeguards.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"30 3","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11096192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Between Technological Utopia and Dystopia: Online Expression of Compulsory Use of Surveillance Technology. 技术乌托邦与乌托邦之间：强制使用监控技术的在线表达。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00483-3

Yu-Leung Ng, Zhihuai Lin

{"title":"Between Technological Utopia and Dystopia: Online Expression of Compulsory Use of Surveillance Technology.","authors":"Yu-Leung Ng, Zhihuai Lin","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00483-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00483-3","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated people's ethical concerns of surveillance technology. By adopting the spectrum of technological utopian and dystopian narratives, how people perceive a society constructed through the compulsory use of surveillance technology was explored. This study empirically examined the anonymous online expression of attitudes toward the society-wide, compulsory adoption of a contact tracing app that affected almost every aspect of all people's everyday lives at a societal level. By applying the structural topic modeling approach to analyze comments on four Hong Kong anonymous discussion forums, topics concerning the technological utopian, dystopian, and pragmatic views on the surveillance app were discovered. The findings showed that people with a technological utopian view on this app believed that the implementation of compulsory app use can facilitate social good and maintain social order. In contrast, individuals who had a technological dystopian view expressed privacy concerns and distrust of this surveillance technology. Techno-pragmatists took a balanced approach and evaluated its implementation practically.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"30 3","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11096232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Australia II: A Case Study in Engineering Ethics. 澳大利亚 II：工程伦理案例研究。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00477-1

Peter van Oossanen, Martin Peterson

{"title":"Australia II: A Case Study in Engineering Ethics.","authors":"Peter van Oossanen, Martin Peterson","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00477-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00477-1","url":null,"abstract":"Australia II became the first foreign yacht to win the America's Cup in 1983. The boat had a revolutionary wing keel and a better underwater hull form. In official documents, Ben Lexcen is credited with the design. He is also listed as the sole inventor of the wing keel in a patent application submitted on February 5, 1982. However, as reported in New York Times, Sydney Morning Herald, and Professional Boatbuilder, the wing keel was in fact designed by engineer Peter van Oossanen at the Netherlands Ship Model Basin in Wageningen, assisted by Dr. Joop Slooff at the National Aerospace Laboratory in Amsterdam. Based on telexes, letters, drawings, and other documents preserved in his personal archive, this paper presents van Oossanen's account of how the revolutionary wing keel was designed. This is followed by an ethical analysis by Martin Peterson, in which he applies the American NSPE and Dutch KIVI codes of ethics to the information provided by van Oossanen. The NSPE and KIVI codes give conflicting advice about the case, and it is not obvious which document is most relevant. This impasse is resolved by applying a method of applied ethics in which similarity-based reasoning is extended to cases that are not fully similar. The key idea, presented in Peterson's book The Ethics of Technology (Peterson, The ethics of technology: A geometric analysis of five moral principles, Oxford University Press, 2017), is to use moral paradigm cases as reference points for constructing a \"moral map\".","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"30 3","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11078783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0