Science and Engineering Ethics最新文献

Discussions on Human Enhancement Meet Science: A Quantitative Analysis.

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-025-00531-6

Tomasz Żuradzki, Piotr Bystranowski, Vilius Dranseika

引用次数: 0

Moral Complexity in Traffic: Advancing the ADC Model for Automated Driving Systems.

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-025-00528-1

Dario Cecchini, Veljko Dubljević

引用次数: 0

LLMs, Truth, and Democracy: An Overview of Risks.

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-025-00529-0

Mark Coeckelbergh

引用次数: 0

Embedded Ethics in Practice: A Toolbox for Integrating the Analysis of Ethical and Social Issues into Healthcare AI Research. 实践中的嵌入式伦理：将伦理和社会问题分析整合到医疗人工智能研究中的工具箱。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00523-y

Theresa Willem, Marie-Christine Fritzsche, Bettina M Zimmermann, Anna Sierawska, Svenja Breuer, Maximilian Braun, Anja K Ruess, Marieke Bak, Franziska B Schönweitz, Lukas J Meier, Amelia Fiske, Daniel Tigard, Ruth Müller, Stuart McLennan, Alena Buyx

{"title":"Embedded Ethics in Practice: A Toolbox for Integrating the Analysis of Ethical and Social Issues into Healthcare AI Research.","authors":"Theresa Willem, Marie-Christine Fritzsche, Bettina M Zimmermann, Anna Sierawska, Svenja Breuer, Maximilian Braun, Anja K Ruess, Marieke Bak, Franziska B Schönweitz, Lukas J Meier, Amelia Fiske, Daniel Tigard, Ruth Müller, Stuart McLennan, Alena Buyx","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00523-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00523-y","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into critical domains such as healthcare holds immense promise. Nevertheless, significant challenges must be addressed to avoid harm, promote the well-being of individuals and societies, and ensure ethically sound and socially just technology development. Innovative approaches like Embedded Ethics, which refers to integrating ethics and social science into technology development based on interdisciplinary collaboration, are emerging to address issues of bias, transparency, misrepresentation, and more. This paper aims to develop this approach further to enable future projects to effectively deploy it. Based on the practical experience of using ethics and social science methodology in interdisciplinary AI-related healthcare consortia, this paper presents several methods that have proven helpful for embedding ethical and social science analysis and inquiry. They include (1) stakeholder analyses, (2) literature reviews, (3) ethnographic approaches, (4) peer-to-peer interviews, (5) focus groups, (6) interviews with affected groups and external stakeholders, (7) bias analyses, (8) workshops, and (9) interdisciplinary results dissemination. We believe that applying Embedded Ethics offers a pathway to stimulate reflexivity, proactively anticipate social and ethical concerns, and foster interdisciplinary inquiry into such concerns at every stage of technology development. This approach can help shape responsible, inclusive, and ethically aware technology innovation in healthcare and beyond.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moral Intuition Regarding the Possibility of Conscious Human Brain Organoids: An Experimental Ethics Study. 关于有意识人脑类器官可能性的道德直觉：一项实验伦理学研究。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00525-w

Koji Ota, Tetsushi Tanibe, Takumi Watanabe, Kazuki Iijima, Mineki Oguchi

{"title":"Moral Intuition Regarding the Possibility of Conscious Human Brain Organoids: An Experimental Ethics Study.","authors":"Koji Ota, Tetsushi Tanibe, Takumi Watanabe, Kazuki Iijima, Mineki Oguchi","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00525-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00525-w","url":null,"abstract":"The moral status of human brain organoids (HBOs) has been debated in view of the future possibility that they may acquire phenomenal consciousness. This study empirically investigates the moral sensitivity in people's intuitive judgments about actions toward conscious HBOs. The results showed that the presence/absence of pain experience in HBOs affected the judgment about the moral permissibility of actions such as creating and destroying the HBOs; however, the presence/absence of visual experience in HBOs also affected the judgment. These findings suggest that people's intuitive judgments about the moral status of HBOs are sensitive to the valence-independent value of phenomenal consciousness. We discuss how these observations can have normative implications; particularly, we argue that they put pressure on the theoretical view that the moral status of conscious HBOs is grounded solely in the valence-dependent value of consciousness. We also discuss how our findings can be informative even when such a theoretical view is finally justified or when the future possibility of conscious HBOs is implausible.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Bias Network Approach (BNA) to Encourage Ethical Reflection Among AI Developers. 偏见网络方法（BNA）鼓励人工智能开发人员进行道德反思。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00526-9

Gabriela Arriagada-Bruneau, Claudia López, Alexandra Davidoff

{"title":"A Bias Network Approach (BNA) to Encourage Ethical Reflection Among AI Developers.","authors":"Gabriela Arriagada-Bruneau, Claudia López, Alexandra Davidoff","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00526-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00526-9","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce the Bias Network Approach (BNA) as a sociotechnical method for AI developers to identify, map, and relate biases across the AI development process. This approach addresses the limitations of what we call the \"isolationist approach to AI bias,\" a trend in AI literature where biases are seen as separate occurrences linked to specific stages in an AI pipeline. Dealing with these multiple biases can trigger a sense of excessive overload in managing each potential bias individually or promote the adoption of an uncritical approach to understanding the influence of biases in developers' decision-making. The BNA fosters dialogue and a critical stance among developers, guided by external experts, using graphical representations to depict biased connections. To test the BNA, we conducted a pilot case study on the \"waiting list\" project, involving a small AI developer team creating a healthcare waiting list NPL model in Chile. The analysis showed promising findings: (i) the BNA aids in visualizing interconnected biases and their impacts, facilitating ethical reflection in a more accessible way; (ii) it promotes transparency in decision-making throughout AI development; and (iii) more focus is necessary on professional biases and material limitations as sources of bias in AI development.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: Transforming Ethics Education Through a Faculty Learning Community: "I'm Coming Around to Seeing Ethics as Being Maybe as Important as Calculus". 更正：通过教师学习社区转变伦理教育：“我开始认为伦理可能和微积分一样重要”。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00527-8

Justin L Hess, Elizabeth Sanders, Grant A Fore, Martin Coleman, Mary Price, Samuel Cornelius Nyarko, Brandon Sorge

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Topical Collection "Ethical and Societal Implications of AgeTech". 社论：专题合集“老年科技的伦理和社会影响”。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00521-0

Giovanni Rubeis, Andrew Sixsmith

引用次数: 0

Technological Remedies for Social Problems: Defining and Demarcating Techno-Fixes and Techno-Solutionism. 社会问题的技术补救：技术补救和技术解决主义的定义和划分。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00524-x

Henrik Skaug Sætra, Evan Selinger

引用次数: 0

Decisions, Decisions, Decisions: An Ethnographic Study of Researcher Discretion in Practice. 决策，决策，决策：实践中研究者自由裁量权的民族志研究。

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00481-5

Tom van Drimmelen, M Nienke Slagboom, Ria Reis, Lex M Bouter, Jenny T van der Steen

{"title":"Decisions, Decisions, Decisions: An Ethnographic Study of Researcher Discretion in Practice.","authors":"Tom van Drimmelen, M Nienke Slagboom, Ria Reis, Lex M Bouter, Jenny T van der Steen","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00481-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-024-00481-5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a study of the decisions that researchers take during the execution of a research plan: their researcher discretion. Flexible research methods are generally seen as undesirable, and many methodologists urge to eliminate these so-called 'researcher degrees of freedom' from the research practice. However, what this looks like in practice is unclear. Based on twelve months of ethnographic fieldwork in two end-of-life research groups in which we observed research practice, conducted interviews, and collected documents, we explore when researchers are required to make decisions, and what these decisions entail.An abductive analysis of this data showed that researchers are constantly required to further interpret research plans, indicating that there is no clear division between planning and plan execution. This discretion emerges either when a research protocol is underdetermined or overdetermined, in which case they need to operationalise or adapt the plans respectively. In addition, we found that many of these instances of researcher discretion are exercised implicitly. Within the research groups it was occasionally not clear which topic merited an active decision, or which action could retroactively be categorised as one.Our ethnographic study of research practice suggests that researcher discretion is an integral and inevitable aspect of research practice, as many elements of a research protocol will either need to be further operationalised or adapted during its execution. Moreover, it may be difficult for researchers to identify their own discretion, limiting their effectivity in transparency.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"30 6","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0