Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology最新文献

{"title":"Metro tunnel deformation detection based on laser scanning robot and point cloud semantic segmentation","authors":"Yong Feng ,&nbsp;Xiao-Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Shi-Jin Feng ,&nbsp;Yong Zhao ,&nbsp;Qing-Zhao Kong ,&nbsp;Shu-Lin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deformation detection of tunnels is meaningful in estimating structural risks and guaranteeing the safe operation of metros. Aiming to achieve automatic, fast, and accurate detection of longitudinal deformations of metro tunnels, this study endeavors to integrate laser scanning techniques with deep learning-based point cloud segmentation and geometric rule-informed deformation interpretation methods. First, a tunnel laser scanning robot is devised, leveraging a quadruped robot as the mobile platform equipped with an advanced scanner. Massive point cloud data is acquired via the self-developed laser scanning robot and terrestrial laser scanner. Accordingly, a metro tunnel point cloud segmentation dataset is constructed, featuring 529,054,609 points and nine semantic categories. Upon that, a tunnel point cloud segmentation network (TPSegNet) is proposed, following an encoder-decoder paradigm and incorporating novel geometric encoding and feature aggregation modules. With TPSegNet, high-quality lining point clouds are isolated and subsequently employed to interpret longitudinal deformations. A four-step cascaded scheme integrating centerline extraction, inter-ring joint recognition, point cloud slicing, and deformation metric computation is presented and applied to lining point clouds. Measurements of the angular differences, vertical misalignments, and circumferential full-ring misalignments between adjacent lining rings are thus acquired. Experimental results indicate that our TPSegNet exhibits impressive performance with the mean intersection over union (<em>mIoU</em>) of 86.47 %, overall accuracy (<em>OA</em>) of 96.89 %, mean precision (<em>mPrec</em>) of 90.86 %, and mean recall (<em>mRec</em>) of 93.56 %. Ablation studies, comparative experiments, and generalization tests collectively validate the superiority of TPSegNet. Moreover, the devised tunnel deformation computation scheme delivers comparable accuracy to traditional manual measurement methods such as vernier calipers, demonstrating a 1.18 mm average error and 0.77 mm standard deviation within an acceptable range. To tackle the scarcity of applicable datasets for tunnel point cloud segmentation, a portion of the created dataset has been uploaded to <span><span>https://github.com/FY387/Deformation-calculation-of-metro-tunnels-based-on-point-clouds</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, which is available for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 106966"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the cutter wear rate prediction model of the hard rock TBM","authors":"Xingfei Xie ,&nbsp;Qiuming Gong ,&nbsp;Ming Ye ,&nbsp;Bin Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cutter wear is inevitable in hard rock tunnel boring machine (TBM) tunneling. Cutter consumption in a TBM project is a key factor for cost estimation and project planning. This study established a cutter wear database based on four TBM tunnel sections, which included rock mass classes, rock Cerchar abrasivity index (CAI), cutter wear values, and daily cutter inspection and replacement records along the tunnel alignment. By analyzing various cutter wear rates, the cutter wear value per rock broken volume (<em>ω_v</em>) was identified as a key indicator for characterizing cutter wear. The variation trend of <em>ω_v</em> reflected the distinct wear characteristics among the center cutter, face cutter, and gage cutter. The <em>ω_v</em> of the face cutter was closely related to the rock mass class and the CAI value. Except for the factors mentioned above, the <em>ω_v</em> of the center cutter and the gage cutter were also affected by the installation radius and the equivalent installation radius, respectively. Through statistical analysis, an empirical model was established to predict the <em>ω_v</em> of the face cutter, center cutter, and gage cutter on the cutterhead. The model enables the prediction of both the number of cutter replacements before TBM construction and the wear value of every cutter on the cutterhead during TBM tunneling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 107035"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing bentonite slurry with sodium alginate for subsea tunnelling: rheological behavior, infiltration, and filter cake characteristics","authors":"Hong-tao Cao ,&nbsp;Shan-lin Xu ,&nbsp;Ji Xie ,&nbsp;Jiang Liu ,&nbsp;Hong-lei Sun ,&nbsp;Zi-li He","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In subsea shield tunnelling, seawater intrusion significantly deteriorates the performance of bentonite slurry and its filter cake, elevating the risks of face instability and mud-water inflow. To mitigate these adverse effects, sodium alginate (SA), a natural anionic polysaccharide, was introduced as a salt-resistant additive to modify seawater-based bentonite slurry. Multiple experimental approaches were employed to characterize the performance and elucidate its underlying salt-resistance mechanisms of SA-modified slurry. Results indicate that the addition of SA dramatically improved the slurry’s performance. At an SA content of 0.8% or higher, fluid loss was reduced to below the benchmark of a freshwater-based slurry, and the filter cake integrity was restored from a “Breakdown” to an “Intact” state. At 2.0% SA, the 24-hour colloidal rate was fully restored to 100%, and the final infiltration depth in sand column tests was reduced to one-twelfth of the unmodified control. Moreover, the filter cake exhibited a marked decline in hydraulic conductivity, which decreased by approximately two orders of magnitude. Microscopic analyses (SEM, EDS, FTIR, and MIP) revealed that SA functions via a synergistic mechanism of ionic chelation and gel encapsulation. This mechanism significantly enhances the properties of bentonite slurry and its filter cake under high-salinity conditions. The study provides a scientific basis for ensuring the safety, efficiency, and environmental sustainability of subsea shield tunnelling excavations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 107031"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on real-time prediction method of surrounding rock classification of TBM tunnel based on stacked ensemble classifier","authors":"Shuchen Han ,&nbsp;Zonglin Li ,&nbsp;Zhenliang Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhongsheng Tan ,&nbsp;Fei Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming at the challenge of real-time prediction of surrounding rock classification in tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction, this paper proposes a real-time prediction method for surrounding rock classification using multi-model stacking integration, based on a water diversion tunnel project in Xinjiang. Firstly, a stacked classifier is constructed by fusing random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), categorical boosting (CatBoost) and adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) as base classifiers, using logistic regression (LR) as meta-classifier, and the bayesian optimization (BO) used for global optimization of hyperparameters. Secondly, based on the rock-machine interaction mechanism of TBM, seven characteristics including thrust (<em>F</em>), torque (<em>T</em>), rotation speed (<em>RSP</em>), advance rate (<em>AR</em>), field penetration index (<em>FPI</em>), torque penetration index (<em>TPI</em>) and specific energy (<em>SE</em>), were selected as model input parameters. The experimental results show that the stacked ensemble classifier outperforms a single classifier in surrounding rock classification prediction. The recall for each surrounding rock classification exceeds 0.95, representing a 2.11 % improvement compared to the best single classifier (CatBoost). More importantly, after reconstructing the balanced dataset using the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE), the Macro-F1 scores of each classifier improved by 3.30 %–5.68 %. In addition, shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis further revealed that <em>F</em> contributed the most to the classification, with a mean SHAP value of 0.308. It also showed significant differences in the mechanical response characteristics of different surrounding rock classes, verifying the advantages of the stacking ensemble model for TBM surrounding rock classification prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107025"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward intelligent tunnel construction: The universal discontinuity index for rapid probabilistic prediction of progressive batch rock-block failure—A theoretical, numerical, and experimental validation framework","authors":"Amin Hekmatnejad ,&nbsp;Mahdi Bajolvand ,&nbsp;Pengzhi Pan ,&nbsp;Xavier Emery ,&nbsp;Alvaro Pena ,&nbsp;Jorge Prado ,&nbsp;Abbas Taheri","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The safe, cost-effective advance of deep tunnels increasingly hinges on real-time forecasts of structurally controlled rock-block failure—capabilities that lie beyond classic Key-Block Theory (KBT) and remain computationally prohibitive for full-physics numerical models. We introduce the Universal Discontinuity Index (UDi), a single probabilistic score that fuses four physically grounded components—physical damage, effective‐stress intensity, active-fracture ratio, and kinematic feasibility—into a scalable indicator of block instability. The index embodies a complete-system view: it treats the fracture network, local stress field, and block release kinematics as an integrated, dynamically updating subsystem within a Digital-Twin (DT) workflow.</div><div>Three levels of validation are presented. (i) Theoretical equivalence: UDi’s kinematic term reproduces Warburton’s vector criteria while providing a continuous risk scale. (ii) Numerical benchmarks: in controlled wedge-formation tests, UDi captured progressive batch failure with the same temporal hierarchy recorded by Bonded-Particle DEM and hybrid FDEM, yet required milliseconds rather than hours. (iii) Field proof: 52 photogrammetry-mapped faces from Chile’s El Teniente mine were analysed via a stochastic DFN–KBT engine (&gt;5 300 realizations); the normalized UDi predicted the mean number of unstable blocks with R2 = 0.93 and 95 % accuracy.</div><div>Leveraging its speed, we embed UDi in a Poisson-regression early-warning model that converts each index update into an expected block count per advance round, validated via jack-knife resampling. Fracture-propagation-informed refinement extends the method to blocks still in formation, enabling continuous hazard maps as excavation proceeds.</div><div>UDi therefore bridges the gap between deterministic kinematic checks and high-fidelity simulations, delivering DT-ready, probabilistic, and progressive failure forecasts that unlock proactive support design and truly adaptive tunnel operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107017"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure mechanism of the critical safety distance between tunnels and karst caves subjected to multi-hole blasting dynamic load","authors":"Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Jialong Deng ,&nbsp;Linchong Huang ,&nbsp;Hang Lin ,&nbsp;Yixian Wang ,&nbsp;Chenyang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the critical safety distance between tunnels excavated using the Drill-and-Blast method and adjacent karst cavities. A theoretical model is developed to determine the peak blast-induced stress on the tunnel contour, accounting for the influence of adjacent cavities and the effects of multi-hole blasting. The interlayer between the tunnel and the cave is idealized as a clamped beam, and the expression for the soil height between the tunnel and the cave is determined based on the vibration differential equation of the clamped beam, applying the singular point catastrophe theory. Furthermore, the criteria for system instability and catastrophic failure are established. Building upon this, a method is proposed for calculating the critical safety distance between tunnels and adjacent karst cavities. The applicability of the proposed method is validated through numerical simulations, and the primary factors affecting the critical safety distance are analyzed. The results show that the critical safety distance exhibits an exponential function relationship with the elastic modulus of surrounding rock mass, indicating a negative correlation. Additionally, exponential growth relationships are observed with respect to the P-wave velocity of the surrounding rock, the span of the karst cavity, and the magnitude of the blast load acting on the tunnel profile, all of which show positive correlations. The analytical method demonstrates strong agreement with the simulations results, confirming its reliability. This study provides theoretical guidance for the design and construction of tunnel blasting operations in karst regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107009"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction mechanism of diagonal tunnel openings in slopes: finite element simulation and artificial ground reinforcement; a case study","authors":"Mahdi Rasouli Maleki","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interaction between tunnel excavation and the adjacent rock slopes is a critical geotechnical concern, especially when the tunnel opening is located diagonally to the slope and the excavations are conducted as half tunnels. Under such conditions, structural instability may increase significantly. The Nashel Tunnel (length: 477 m; longitudinal slope: 0.64 %) is a critical component of the ongoing Haraz Road project in northern Iran. Its axis intersects the slope direction at an oblique angle of approximately 29°, and excavation was performed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM). Due to the shallow overburden thickness and the proximity of the tunnel portal to the slope surface, half-tunnel excavation was necessary along the left sidewall. This configuration subjected the portal rock mass to excavation-induced asymmetric stress distribution, ultimately triggering a catastrophic collapse. To address this, numerical modeling was carried out to assess the stress–strain behavior and stability of the affected zone under static and pseudo-static conditions. Results indicated that half-section tunneling in rock masses can significantly increase displacements and reduce the slope safety factor, potentially triggering large-scale failures. Based on these findings, a stabilization strategy that incorporates artificial ground creation and an anchored retaining wall system was proposed. The solution includes a 14-meter-high wall with 40-meter-long anchors pre-tensioned to 1,000 kN, backfilled with material having a uniaxial compressive strength of 10 MPa. Additionally, four rows of 25-meter-long, 7-wire strand anchors were installed on the slope face before tunneling. Numerical analyses confirmed that the proposed method effectively controls displacements and stress concentrations, ensuring portal stability within acceptable limits. This integrated approach provides a viable engineering solution for similar geotechnical challenges and supports the safe advancement of full-section tunnels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 106806"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reverse circulation mechanism in a pilot-guided reaming bit: insights from CFD-DEM simulations and an experimental study","authors":"Jine Cao,&nbsp;Jingchao Chen,&nbsp;Jinhe Bai,&nbsp;Hongyun Zhang,&nbsp;Pinlu Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pilot-guided reaming bit with reverse circulation for pneumatic down-the-hole hammer (PGRC-PDTH bit), serving as a rock-breaking tool, possesses appeal for mine rescue drilling due to its borehole trajectory control and efficient cuttings removal. However, the internal coupling between forward and reverse airflow, the mechanisms governing cuttings transport, and the influence of structural parameters on reverse circulation performance remain unclear during operation. To address this, a coupled computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) was employed to simulate the internal airflow and dynamic cuttings transport within the bit. Meanwhile, a test bench is set up to record data concerning the exhaust flow rate, supply pressure, and cuttings migration behavior. The results show that the simulated data exhibit similar trends and values to the experimental data, with a maximum error of 15.8 %. In addition, the cuttings transport mechanism was analyzed, along with how the suction nozzle diameter, flushing nozzle diameter, central guiding post diameter, and cuttings removal passage diameter affect suction mass flow rate and transport efficiency in detail. Specifically, increasing the flushing nozzle diameter weakens the suction and induces cuttings backflow, while a moderate suction nozzle diameter improves entrainment by balancing gas velocity and flow area. A larger central guiding post diameter reduces cuttings generation but limits airflow, leading to non-monotonic suction performance. An appropriately sized cuttings removal passage ensures continuous high-velocity flow, whereas oversizing reduces momentum and increases particle deposition. Following this, an optimized Φ575 mm PGRC-PDTH bit was designed, fabricated, and validated under varying penetration rates, demonstrating stable reverse circulation and efficient cuttings removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107019"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on automatic first arrival picking of mine microseismic waveforms based on the improved U-Net","authors":"Kaikai Wang ,&nbsp;Ke Ma ,&nbsp;Chun’an Tang ,&nbsp;Zhengzhao Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient first-arrival picking is critical for microseismic and seismic data processing and imaging. However, conventional algorithms exhibit limited accuracy and robustness in multi-sensor deployments with low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). To address this, we propose an enhanced U-Net architecture integrating residual connections and hybrid attention mechanisms for microseismic P-wave first-arrival detection. Our methodology was evaluated using 5,000 microseismic signals spanning diverse SNR conditions. Preliminary noise reduction preprocessing significantly mitigated signal artifacts, enabling robust feature extraction. Comparative assessment against standard methods (STA/LTA, AIC, PAI-S/K) and deep learning benchmarks (FCN, SegNet, U-Net) demonstrates that our approach reduces absolute timing errors by 9.66–14.34 ms relative to conventional techniques and by 1.92–4.43 ms compared to alternative deep learning models. This study establishes a high-precision, noise-resilient deep learning framework with significant potential for rock fracture signal analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 106995"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new method to predict seismic fragility of buried pipelines considering multiple failure modes","authors":"Zhao-Hui Lu ,&nbsp;Ze-Shuo Kong ,&nbsp;Chao-Huang Cai ,&nbsp;Chun-Qing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current fragility analysis for buried pipelines often focuses on a single failure mode which may result in an underestimation of pipeline fragility under seismic conditions and hence pose a risk to the public. In this paper, a method for seismic fragility analysis of buried pipelines subjected to seismic excitations is developed, integrating ground motion simulation, finite element modeling, and failure probability quantification. The fragility functions for each individual failure mode at three different damage states are established as well as for their combined multiple failure modes. It is found in this paper that fragility analysis based on individual failure modes is very unconservative and that the dominant failure mode evolves with increasing level of damage state. The findings presented in the paper underscore the necessity of incorporating multiple failure modes in seismic fragility analysis. The developed method offers a robust tool for performance-based seismic assessment which can help pipeline engineers and asset managers develop risk mitigation strategies and resilient pipeline design for buried pipeline systems in earthquake-prone regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107024"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}