Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology最新文献

{"title":"The dynamic response and crack propagation mechanism of deep jointed rocks under transient unloading","authors":"Xiaoqing Wei ,&nbsp;Kaiwen Song ,&nbsp;Yi Luo ,&nbsp;Junhong Huang ,&nbsp;Tingting Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aimed at the full-face blasting excavation of a deep circular tunnel, this research explores the dynamic response and crack propagation mechanism of jointed rocks under transient unloading. Based on the plane strain assumption, the theoretical mechanical behavior of rocks under transient unloading was analyzed. Model tests were conducted using a self-developed test system to investigate the effects of joint length and joint spacing on the transient unloading process. The results show that joints have significant reflection and transmission effects on stress waves. Compared with the condition without joints, the presence of joints increases strain reduction on the reflected side by approximately 16.5%, indicating enhanced wave reflection, and decreases strain reduction on the transmitted side by approximately 25.8%, indicating weakened wave transmission. Longer joints result in stronger reflection effects at the joint center, and smaller joint spacing may induce tensile strain in the surrounding rock. As for crack propagation, two primary crack initiation modes were observed: initiation at the ends and at the middle of the joints. These findings enhance the understanding of dynamic response and crack propagation in jointed rock masses under transient unloading, and provide a theoretical basis for related engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106795"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underground pipeline inspection and monitoring in mountainous areas: A state-of-the-art review and future perspectives","authors":"Xianghuan Luo ,&nbsp;Yu Zhao ,&nbsp;Mingxiao Li ,&nbsp;Hang Zhou ,&nbsp;Fuming Wang ,&nbsp;Yanliang Du ,&nbsp;Wenyu Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiasong Zhu ,&nbsp;Yahong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pipeline accidents are frequently reported in mountainous areas, where conventional inspection and monitoring methods often fall short for complex terrain environment and various pipeline defects. This study conducts a thorough evaluation of characteristics, challenges, current research status, and potential enhancements for pipeline inspection and monitoring in mountainous areas. It categorises the review into three main sectors: external inspection, in-pipe inspection, and integrated environment-geology-pipeline monitoring, each tailored to overcome the obstacles posed by rugged terrains. External inspections, hindered by difficult terrain and environmental hazards, benefit from the use of drones equipped with high-resolution sensors. In-pipe inspections necessitate robust, adaptable robots capable of navigating the harsh conditions typical of mountainous pipelines. Integrated monitoring synthesizes these techniques into a unified system that leverages real-time data analytics, robust sensor materials, and sophisticated algorithms to optimize sensor placement and performance. The paper highlights state-of-the-art developments and suggests future advancements should concentrate on improving the durability and efficiency of these technologies and enhancing the integration with artificial intelligence. These improvements are essential for ensuring the reliability, efficiency, and safety of pipeline operation in challenging environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106783"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiment-based study on three dimensional seepage at tunnel junction of parts constructed by different methods","authors":"Helin Fu ,&nbsp;Kaixun Hu ,&nbsp;Yimin Wu ,&nbsp;Weiguo He","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite construction methods may be adopted in some underwater tunnels due to complex geological conditions. However, the seepage field at the junction between parts constructed by different methods has been rarely reported. This study used the Pearl River Estuary Tunnel as a case study to conduct model experiments on the connection part and its adjacent mining and shield parts, which have different drainage systems. Through model experiments, the study explored the variation laws of water inflow and external water pressure on the tunnel lining. The experimental results were validated against numerical simulations. The results indicate that, longitudinally, the junction experiences pressure fluctuations due to variations in construction methods and tunnel cross-sectional dimensions. A logistic fit of the experimental data shows that fluctuations range from 12 to 21 m in the mining part and from 27 to 42 m in the shield part. The longitudinal distributions indicate that water pressure remains stable in the shield part, while in both the connection and mining parts it is influenced by the drainage pipes. Transversely, water pressure increases from the arch crown to the arch bottom, forming an approximately circular distribution. Both water pressure and inflow increase linearly with rising water levels. A comparison between experimental and simulation results shows a relative error of less than 9 %, confirming the accuracy of the experimental model. The study’s findings provide deeper insight into the seepage field at the junction of underwater tunnel parts, with implications for the design and construction of similar projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106773"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical behavior of novel fast-slide joints in shield tunnels: Insight from an improved analytical method with experimental and numerical validation","authors":"Hanwen Ji ,&nbsp;Jian Chen ,&nbsp;Yu Miao ,&nbsp;Junxing Zheng ,&nbsp;Qinglong Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The novel fast-slide joint, developed for the emerging synchronous push-and-assembly shield tunneling technology, has been preliminarily implemented. Nevertheless, as this joint represents a structurally vulnerable component relative to the prefabricated concrete segments, it is imperative to evaluate its ultimate bearing capacity under diverse extreme load scenarios. An improved analytical method was developed to facilitate the investigation of the bending behavior of the fast-slide joint. This method discretized the stress and strain distributions on the contact area of concrete segments and presented a simplified constitutive model to describe the tension-deformation relationship of the sliding connector. Through this approach, the method effectively eliminated the need for complex stress integration corresponding to various loading stages, which was required in traditional analytical approaches. An iterative scheme, based on the Newton-Raphson algorithm, was implemented in the proposed method to consider the variations in joint contact states and the nonlinear properties of the joint materials. The proposed method was validated through a combination of full-scale segment joint tests and refined finite element (FE) models, which also elucidated the final failure mode of the fast-slide joint and uncovered the underlying mechanism responsible for the development of penetrating cracks. Parametric analyses were carried out to assess how joint configuration and different loading conditions influence the bearing capacity. Furthermore, the proposed method was shown to offer significant advantages in computational efficiency, with drastically reduced computation times relative to those of the refined FE models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106781"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on three-dimensional large deformation characteristics of tunnel in stratified rock mass with coupled discrete–continuous method","authors":"Chaojun Jia ,&nbsp;Guodong Liang ,&nbsp;Chenghua Shi ,&nbsp;Jun Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Xinhuashan tunnel is located in the western region of Hunan Province, China. Although the entrance section is shallowly buried and free from tectonic stress influences, severe large deformations occurred during excavation due to the softening effect of carbonaceous shale under water-rich conditions. The deformation characteristics include large deformation magnitude (on the meter scale), high deformation rate, and pronounced asymmetry. A three dimensional (3D) coupled discrete–continuous model that can modeling such deformation characteristics is proposed based on the knowledge of the tunnel deformation characteristics in carbonaceous shale strata. A parameter calibration method for the numerical model is developed based on the experimental results. The model effectively reflects the dip angle and strike on the large deformation of the tunnel. The results showed that the interlayer deformation in carbonaceous shale contributed nearly 50% to overall deformation. Joints also affect deformation patterns and damage modes. Interlayer deformation is most pronounced at joints intersecting the tunnel profile. Deformation concentrates at the arch location with slow inclination, while steep inclination increases sidewall damage risk. Larger dip angles result in more significant deformations, e.g., a 47% increase at 90° compared to 15°. As dip angle increases, there’s a transition from bending damage to slip deformation. Analyzing tendency and deformation reveals that strike of 45° is the most stable direction for tunnel excavation. Deformations are inhibitory within 0°-45° but rapidly increase for strike higher than 45°. The upper tunnel arch waist is particularly sensitive to shifts in structural tendencies and exhibits significantly higher rates of deformation increase than the arch foot. Strike influences asymmetric deformation in surrounding rock: sidewall deformation intensifies as strike increases, while arch foot deformation decreases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106777"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic assessment of situation awareness in road tunnels: Considering tunnel light environment characteristics and drivers’ physiological perception states","authors":"Jia An Niu ,&nbsp;Bo Liang ,&nbsp;Yiik Diew Wong ,&nbsp;Shiyong He ,&nbsp;Can Qin ,&nbsp;Shuangkai Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interactions with varying light conditions in the road tunnels create a complex and challenging driving environment, leading to dynamic variations in drivers’ situation awareness, which are difficult to characterize. In cognizance of the unique light environment characteristics of tunnels, this study proposes a novel dynamic assessment method for situation awareness, aimed at accurately assessing drivers’ dynamic situation awareness level (DSAL) in tunnel sections yet without intruding on the driving task. First, a quantitative model of the visual perception ability is constructed based on the actual tunnel light environment information and the drivers’ visual perception characteristics. Additionally, an improved model for attention resource allocation, considering the stimulus of the tunnel light environment, is developed. Second, drivers’ physiological perception states in the tunnel sections are represented by fully accounting for the interaction between their visual perception abilities and attention resource allocation mechanisms. Subsequently, the drivers’ dynamic response processes in hazard identification during tunnel driving are quantitatively described by combining their physiological perception states with the adaptive control of thought-rational. On this basis, a highly interpretable DSAL assessment model is constructed using Bayesian conditional probability theory. Finally, the effectiveness and advancement of the assessment method are validated for a case study of real-vehicle driving in eight tunnels. The results indicate that the proposed assessment method achieves an average relative error of 7.90% with a standard deviation of 4.08%, considerably lower than those of other existing non-intrusive assessment methods. Therefore, the DSAL assessment results are closer to actual situation awareness and exhibit excellent stability, demonstrating strong potential for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106775"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric study of the seismic resilience of low-lateral-stiffness underground structures","authors":"Xiangbo Bu ,&nbsp;Alberto Ledesma ,&nbsp;Francisco López-Almansa","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shallow cut-and-cover underground structures, such as subway stations, are traditionally designed as rigid boxes (moment-resisting connections between the main structural members), seeking internal hyperstaticity and high lateral (transverse) stiffness to achieve important seismic capacity. However, since seismic ground motions impose racking drifts, this proved rather prejudicial, with great structural damage and little resilience. Therefore, two previous papers proposed an opposite strategy seeking low lateral (transverse) stiffness by connecting the structural elements flexibly (hinging and sliding). Under severe seismic inputs, these structures would accommodate racking without significant damage; this behaviour is highly resilient. The seismic resilience of this solution was numerically demonstrated in the well-known Daikai station (Kobe, Japan) and a station located in Chengdu (China). This paper is a continuation of these studies; it aims to extend, deepen, and ground this conclusion by performing a numerical parametric study on these two stations in a wide and representative set of situations characterised by the soil type, overburden depth, engineering bedrock position, and high- and low-lateral-stiffness of the stations. The performance indices are the racking displacement and the structural damage (quantified through concrete damage variables). The findings of this study validate the previous remarks and provide new insights.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106768"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunnel face instability mechanism in layered ground: Theoretical insights and validation based on numerical investigation and field observation","authors":"Qilong Song ,&nbsp;Dong Su ,&nbsp;Xiangsheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Layered ground represents a prevalent geological formation in shield tunnelling projects, posing significant challenges to the stability of the tunnel face. A critical gap in existing research lies in the lack of a clear distinction between layered ground and specific ground types, such as upper soft-lower hard (US-LH) ground, and the absence of a quantifiable criterion for their differentiation. To address this, the ratio of the unconfined compressive strength (<em>q</em>) of the lower soil layer (<em>q_l</em>) to that of the upper soil layer (<em>q_u</em>) was introduced to delineate soft-hard layer distribution. This study investigates tunnel face instability mechanisms in US-LH ground based on the unconfined compressive strength ratio (<em>q_l</em>/<em>q_u</em>), employing theoretical modeling, numerical simulation and field analysis. The findings were successfully applied to the Xingye Express in Zhuhai, China, yielding the following key conclusions: (1) As <em>q_l</em>/<em>q_u</em> increases, the failure angle (<em>α</em>) progressively diminishes; when <em>q_l</em>/<em>q_u</em> surpasses <em>QR</em>_min (defined as the critical threshold distinguishing layered ground and US-LH ground), the failure zone becomes localized to the upper soft layer, with <em>α</em> stabilizing thereafter. (2) <em>QR</em>_min demonstrates greater sensitivity to variations in internal fiction angle (<em>φ</em>) compared to cohesion (<em>c</em>)<em>.</em> Notably, <em>QR</em>_min shows no correlation with increases in <em>C</em>/<em>D</em> or <em>σ_s</em>/<em>γD</em>. (3) It is recommended to prioritize monitoring active instability in the upper soft layer during soil strata excavation, maintaining chamber pressures within 0.8–1.2 times the static soil pressure. Conversely, during rock strata excavation, passive instability in the upper soft layer requires focused attention, with chamber pressures adjusted to 1.3–1.8 times the static soil pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106782"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a novel external load-controlled permeameter for sand-foam mixtures","authors":"Zhiyao Feng ,&nbsp;Shuying Wang ,&nbsp;Yufeng Shi ,&nbsp;Xiangcou Zheng ,&nbsp;Tongming Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foam is commonly injected into the soil chamber to reduce the water permeability of excavated sands during Earth Pressure Shield (EPB) tunnelling. In this study, a novel external load-controlled permeameter is developed to explore the influences of soil pressure on the permeability of sand-foam mixtures. A comparison test is performed on natural sands using the newly developed and conventional permeameter. Excellent agreements in the measured permeability coefficients manifest the validity of the new permeameter, which is then adopted to perform permeability tests on sand-foam mixtures. The obtained results indicate that the permeability of sand-foam mixtures depends strongly on the external load, while the permeability coefficient of natural sands basically remains constant as the external load increases. When the external load increases from 0 kPa to 150 kPa, the permeability coefficient of sand-foam mixtures reduces from 7.92 × 10⁻⁶ m/s to 2.44 × 10⁻⁷ m/s, and the duration of the initial stable period increases from 248 min to 3678 min. In addition, the experimental observations also indicate that the permeability of sand-foam mixtures might be overestimated by conventional permeability tests because the effect of soil pressure is not taken into account.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106767"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized prediction of tunnel stability using advanced machine learning and an ANN-based analytical expression","authors":"Hung La ,&nbsp;Toan Nguyen-Minh ,&nbsp;Tan Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a hybrid machine learning framework for predicting the stability of circular and rectangular tunnels in cohesive-frictional soils under surcharge loading. Leveraging high-fidelity datasets generated via Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) and Upper-Bound Limit Analysis (UBLA), the model captures a wide range of geometric and geotechnical scenarios to ensure robust learning and generalization. A Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA) and Tree-Structured Parzen Estimator (TPE) are employed for hyperparameter optimization, significantly improving model accuracy compared to traditional numerical and empirical methods. The RCGA-optimized Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and CatBoost models demonstrate strong adaptability to varying tunnel geometries and soil conditions. Interpretability is enhanced through SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values, Accumulated Local Effects (ALE), and Partial Dependence Plots (PDPs), offering valuable insights into the influence of key design parameters. An explicit analytical expression is further derived from the trained model by extracting its weights and biases, enabling rapid and efficient tunnel stability assessments without resorting to computationally intensive simulations. This work establishes a new standard for tunnel stability prediction, combining the strengths of advanced numerical modeling and explainable machine learning to deliver a scalable, interpretable, and practical solution for geotechnical engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106778"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}