Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology最新文献

{"title":"Simulation of non-spherical slurry particle re-infiltration dynamics in shield tunnelling using CFD–DEM","authors":"Jiayuan Liu,&nbsp;Kevin J. Hanley","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The slurry infiltration process and filter cake formation are widely studied due to their critical role in ensuring the stability of the excavation surface during slurry shield tunnelling operations. Previous studies have predominantly focused on static slurry infiltration through laboratory column tests and simulations. However, in real-world tunnelling, slurry infiltration is a dynamic process due to the forward movement of tunnel boring machines (TBM), where filter cakes are continuously disrupted and re-formed. In this paper, a numerical model simulating dynamic slurry re-infiltration during TBM advancement was developed using coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD)–discrete element method (DEM) simulations. A total of 20 re-infiltration steps of slurry particle insertion, infiltration and cutter advancement were simulated and compared with static infiltration models. In the re-infiltration model, pressure fluctuations at the tunnel face seen in field measurements were reproduced, showing variations in pressure drop, void fraction, and permeability. As the sand particle size increased, more slurry particles infiltrated the internal and deep regions of each sand column, with fewer accumulating externally. Larger sand particle sizes led to more pronounced dynamic infiltration cycles and deeper particle infiltration. Additionally, the re-infiltration model demonstrated reduced infiltration compared to the static infiltration model at larger sand particle sizes, rendering the static infiltration model more conservative for coarse sands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 106694"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of continuous tunnel driving on high-speed rail drivers’ brain responses","authors":"Zizheng Guo ,&nbsp;Huishan Pang ,&nbsp;Guofa Li ,&nbsp;Zhenning Li ,&nbsp;Hui Xu ,&nbsp;Paul Green","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of tunnels on driver performance is significant, yet it remains understudied in the context of high-speed rail. This study investigated the effects of continuous tunnel driving on high-speed rail drivers’ mental fatigue and brain functional connectivity using electroencephalography (EEG) and graph theory. Forty-two participants performed simulated driving tasks in continuous tunnel and plain scenarios. Results demonstrated that tunnel scenarios significantly elevated subjective fatigue and prolonged reaction times (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). EEG analysis revealed increased functional connectivity in the α, θ, and β bands, particularly in frontal, parietal, and central regions. Graph theory metrics showed reduced characteristic path length and increased clustering coefficient in the θ band during tunnel driving, indicating a shift toward small-world network topology. These findings emphasize the importance of in-depth research on driver fatigue in high-speed rail tunnel operations to develop targeted intervention measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 106720"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical studies on the buoyancy-driven smoke movement in inclined short tunnel fires under natural ventilation","authors":"Qinghua Guo ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Yan ,&nbsp;Baoping Xi ,&nbsp;Xingli Li ,&nbsp;Yao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper focuses on the smoke flow movement in inclined short tunnel fires. Small-scale tunnel fire tests and numerical simulations are implemented by considering the tunnel inclination, heat release rate (HRR), tunnel height and upward distance from fire source to upward opening. The comprehensive impacts of tunnel inclination, HRR and upward length on the smoke back-layering flow and the influencing mechanism are emphasized. It is found that as the upward distance and tunnel inclination increase, the back-layering length decreases, and at the meantime, the decrease rate is affected by the HRR. Specifically, under a certain tunnel inclination, as the upward distance increases, the back-layering length decreases faster as HRR becomes greater. Besides, as the tunnel inclination increases, the decrease rate of the back-layering length against the upward distance also becomes greater under a larger HRR. Meanwhile, it is found that when the fire is located near the upward opening, back-layering length becomes longer as HRR increases, however, the increase trend levels off as the tunnel becomes steeper. This leads to the results that the back-layering length may increase, level off and decrease with HRRs. Based on these findings, a prediction correlation for the back-layering length is established considering multi-factors (tunnel inclination, upward length, HRR and tunnel height). Furthermore, the verification is implemented by comparing the calculated back-layering length and test and numerical simulation results, showing an acceptable prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 106722"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanics of longitudinal joints in segmental tunnel linings: A semi-analytical approach","authors":"Zhen Liu ,&nbsp;Xian Liu ,&nbsp;Abdullah Alsahly ,&nbsp;Yong Yuan ,&nbsp;Günther Meschke","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To meet basic structural serviceability and durability requirements throughout the life of tunnels, the design and evaluation of segmental tunnel linings requires accurate structural models. Considering that segmentation introduces non-trivial kinematics to the lining system, it is important to properly evaluate the moment-rotation relationship for longitudinal joints. In this study, a nonlinear semi-analytical model is proposed to assess the mechanical behavior of the longitudinal joint, taking into account the nonlinear behavior of the concrete in the vicinity of the joint and the contact deformation induced by the roughness of the contact surface. Through the proposed model, the moment-rotation relationship of the joint and the stress distribution in the vicinity of the joint are obtained simultaneously without the need for highly resolved finite element analyses. It is demonstrated how the proposed model can be applied to parametric analysis of joint configurations and to predict tensile stresses that may cause spalling and splitting cracks. The performance of segmental joints is systematically investigated, revealing a more accurate distribution of the contact pressure and the deformations and the stress field within the joint influence zone. To fully consider the influence of the joint, the effective joint rotation angle is defined to consider the additional rotational flexibility resulting from the joint-induced deformations, which attributes to the contact deformation and the disturbed stress field within the joint influence zone. Since the joint rotation angle calculated based on the classical rigid plate assumption (nominal joint rotation angle) tends to overestimate the effective joint rotation angle, a correction factor relating the nominal and the effective joint rotation angles is proposed for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 106696"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation on the failure mode and forced response characteristics of segmented lining structure under strike-slip fault movement","authors":"Chengwei Zhao ,&nbsp;Hui Zhou ,&nbsp;Chuanqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenbo Liu ,&nbsp;Ning Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongliang Tu ,&nbsp;Zhengyang Huo","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Segmented lining structure is one of the effective measures to mitigate the risk of fault dislocation in tunnels crossing active fault zones. Based on background of the Xianglushan Tunnel crossing Longpan-Qiaohou Fault, the mechanical behavior of segmented lining structure for deep buried tunnel crossing complex active fault zone is studied by physical model tests. The results indicate that both the surrounding rock pressure and the lining strain decrease after the lining is segmented, and this characteristic becomes more pronounced as the segmented length decreases. The lining failure are also reduced to the range of upper influence zone. To further investigate the mechanism of segmented lining structure, a numerical model is established and damage characteristics of lining are estimated. The numerical results show that the tensile and compressive damage of lining are diagonally distributed under the conventional lining structure. Segmented lining structure enhances the rotational characteristics of the lining segments, weakens the action areas of the surrounding rock and the lining, and cuts the large-scale damage area of the lining in sections. As the segmented length decreases, these characteristics become more pronounced, and the structural adaptability of the lining becomes more evident. The friction angle, stiffness and width of segmented joint have a great impact on the lining failure, but the selection of segmented joint parameters should comprehensively consider the failure of the segmented joint and the segmented lining. The research findings provide suggestions for the prevention and control of fault dislocation in tunnels crossing active fault zones under similar conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 106689"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian sequential learning of rock mass classifications along tunnel trajectory using TBM operational data and geo-data spatial correlation","authors":"Chen-hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Xu Li ,&nbsp;Kostas Senetakis","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During tunnel construction by a tunnel boring machine (TBM), it is a critical task to repeatedly predict rock mass classifications ahead of the tunnel face for each excavation step as the TBM advances along the designed tunnel trajectory. Such a prediction process is referred to as sequential prediction of rock mass classifications in this study. Previous studies have demonstrated the values of TBM operational data for predicting rock mass classifications using machine learning methods. However, although both TBM data and rock mass classifications are spatial data (i.e., with specific spatial coordinates along the tunnel trajectory), spatial correlation of geo-spatial data has not been utilized in existing machine learning models. To leverage geo-data spatial correlation, a data-driven Bayesian sequential learning method is proposed in this study for sequentially predicting rock mass classifications along the TBM tunnel trajectory. The proposed Bayesian method effectively integrates TBM data, rock mass classifications, and their corresponding spatial coordinates and correlation from completed tunnel segments for improving model fidelity. The proposed method is illustrated using data from the Songhua River water conveyance project in China and performs well.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 106709"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining mental resilience of contractor in urban rail transit construction project under disruptive events","authors":"Bei-Xuan Dong ,&nbsp;Ming Shan ,&nbsp;Ji-Hong Cui ,&nbsp;Bon-Gang Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban rail transit (URT) construction project contractors are inevitably affected by numerous disruptive events, such as natural disasters, weather-related issues, and construction accidents. Capturing the dynamic mental resilience of contractors in URT construction projects under disruptive events is an important issue. Although existing literature have adopted qualitative methods such as interviews, questionnaires, and proposed conceptual frameworks to investigate the mental resilience of construction project stakeholders, few have identified the key mental resilience attributes of contractors or examined the mechanisms shaping their resilience under disruptive events. To fill the gap, this study introduces a novel agent-based model to investigate the contractors’ mental resilience in URT construction projects subjected to land subsidence and to explore the path that can depict the formation mechanism of mental resilience. This model provides a new computational lens for understanding and improving contractors’ mental resilience in high-risk construction environments. Tested in a real-world case, the model demonstrates its effectiveness in identifying fear emotion as a key driver of mental resilience. Contractors who feel less fear emotion exhibit higher mental resilience. This study bridges the knowledge gap by (1) identifying six key attributes that shape contractors’ mental resilience, (2) revealing a critical path that outlines how these attributes interact to form mental resilience, (3) proposing strategies for improving mental resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 106725"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the deformation and failure mechanism of tertiary water-rich soft rock tunnels based on the moisture migration-fracture coupling model","authors":"Kang Huang ,&nbsp;Shuling Huang ,&nbsp;Xiuli Ding ,&nbsp;Yuting Zhang ,&nbsp;Dengxue Liu ,&nbsp;Zhangjun Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Tertiary mudstone formations, the surrounding rock of soft rock tunnels is highly susceptible to large deformations and failures due to moisture migration, presenting significant safety risks during both construction and operation. To address this issue, this study develops a moisture migration-fracture coupling model based on the Finite-Discrete Element Method (FDEM) to simulate and analyze the effects of moisture diffusion on the deformation and failure mechanisms of tunnel surrounding rock. Through numerical simulations considering factors such as moisture diffusion range, gravel layer thickness, and angle, the study investigates the impact of these parameters on the spatiotemporal distribution of moisture content, deformation characteristics, and crack propagation in the surrounding rock. The results indicate that moisture diffusion significantly enhances both deformation and crack formation, with the most significant damage occurring at the arch waist. As the moisture diffusion range and gravel layer thickness increase, the arch foot and arch shoulder are more prone to damage. Moreover, an increase in the gravel layer angle heightens the susceptibility of the arch foot and arch shoulder to failure. This study reveals the deformation and failure mechanisms of expansive rock layers under moisture migration, providing theoretical support for stability assessment and support system design in soft rock tunnels, with significant engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 106715"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation on the maximum and longitudinal distribution of ceiling gas temperature in an inclined tunnel: The combination effect of tunnel slope and longitudinal fire location","authors":"Longxing Yu ,&nbsp;Xiwen Lei ,&nbsp;Lingxiang Wang ,&nbsp;Ping Huang ,&nbsp;Chunxiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerical investigation was carried out to study the ceiling gas temperature distribution under the combination effect of tunnel slope and longitudinal fire location in a naturally ventilated tunnel. Results show that in horizontal tunnel with fire located in the tunnel’s longitudinal center, the ceiling gas temperature is symmetric distributing in upstream and downstream. With fire moves to the right (downstream) portal, the ceiling gas temperature in upstream tunnel decays faster than that in downstream, and vice versa. For inclined tunnels (going uphill), the ceiling gas temperature is asymmetrically distributed even the fire is located in the longitudinal center. Interestingly, with fire moves to downstream, it would become symmetric again and then it returns to asymmetric. Therefore, the tunnel slope and the longitudinal fire location have complex combination effect on the ceiling gas temperature distribution. More interestingly, with the fire moving from upstream to downstream in an uphill tunnel, the evolution of maximum ceiling gas temperature shows two tendencies, depending on the tunnel slopes. For smaller tunnel slopes, the maximum ceiling gas temperature first increases and then decreases, while it increases monotonically for larger tunnel slopes. Consequently, the critical tunnel slope for the change of two tendencies was proposed, which shows the variation of the relative strength of the two effects. For tunnel slopes lower than the critical value, the two effects are comparable. For tunnel slopes larger than the critical value, the tunnel slope is the dominant effect. In addition, the empirical equation of offset distance was proposed as intermediate variable to characterize the combination effects on the maximum ceiling gas temperature. By taking the absolute value of offset distance as characteristic parameter, the predicting equation for the maximum ceiling gas temperature was proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 106685"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DCSGN: A knowledge-data driven method for predicting fine-grained deformation of newly constructed tunnels","authors":"Han Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianqing Wu ,&nbsp;Liping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate prediction of deformation in newly constructed tunnels is crucial for early risk detection and ensuring structural stability. However, due to the limited sample size and high variability of data in these tunnels, it becomes difficult to achieve both high prediction accuracy and strong generalization performance when relying solely on data-driven approaches. To address these challenges, a knowledge-data driven method is proposed to predict tunnel deformation. Specifically, a distance-correlation coupled symmetric graph network (DCSGN) framework is presented, which incorporates prior knowledge of node positions and symmetry constraints of the tunnel structure. A data-driven model based on a Chebyshev graph convolutional network with a gated recurrent unit (ChebNet-GRU) is employed to predict deformation behavior across the entire tunnel section. A typical newly constructed tunnel located in Eastern China was selected as a case study. Sensitivity analysis and component comparisons demonstrated the DCSGN model’s high prediction accuracy and robustness, with optimal values of RMSE at 0.11 mm, MAE at 0.087 mm, and R² at 0.73. Furthermore, the model’s predictive accuracy was validated by comparison against state-of-the-art (SOTA) hybrid neural network baselines. This proposed model effectively forecasts fine-grained tunnel deformation, offering valuable decision support for deformation prediction in newly constructed tunnels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 106718"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}