Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology最新文献

{"title":"Thermomechanical behavior and damage mechanism of the lining backfill body of high-temperature thermal energy storage reservoirs in mines","authors":"Gang Xu ,&nbsp;Pengfei Shan ,&nbsp;Xingping Lai ,&nbsp;Qinxin Hu ,&nbsp;Shangtong Yang ,&nbsp;Huicong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction of underground thermal energy storage (UTES) systems using the space of abandoned mines is one of the most promising large-scale energy storage methods for the future. However, thermal fatigue damage caused by high-temperature environments may trigger potential destabilization of the backfill body that surround the thermal energy storage reservoir. It is therefore worthwhile to investigate the mechanism of mechanical weakening of the backfill body due to temperature effects. In this study, backfill body samples were subjected to heat treatment at six temperature levels and static mechanical testing. The thermomechanical behavior of the backfill body at different heating temperatures was investigated. Through acoustic emission (AE) technology and scanning electron microscope (SEM), the damage evolution law and instability precursors of the backfill body under thermomechanical effects were analyzed, revealing the crack propagation behavior and damage weakening mechanism of the backfill body. The results show that when the heating temperature rose from 25 °C to 500 °C, the compressive strength and elastic modulus of the backfill body decreased by 78.61 % and 84.21 %, and the peak strain increased by 62.54 %. High temperatures significantly weaken the mechanical properties of backfill body samples, promote plastic softening in the samples, and increase their ductility and deformation capacity. This is microscopically attributed to the structural damage to the backfill body caused by the progressive decomposition of ettringite, calcium silicate hydrate, and calcium hydroxide in high-temperature environments. This effect is visible in the SEM images of the microstructure of the backfill body and is dominated by the temperature level. The evolution patterns of AE counts and <em>b</em>-values effectively characterize the damage process of the backfill body and provide valuable early warning information for its fracture instability. As the temperature increased, the proportion of shear cracks rose from 31.72 % to 74.18 %. High temperatures significantly accelerate the formation and propagation of shear cracks, ultimately leading to a tensile-shear hybrid failure in the backfill body dominated by shear cracking. The research results provide theoretical references for the reinforcement design and disaster warning of defect-sensitive areas in thermal energy storage reservoir in UTES projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 107409"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on the impact of tunnel cross-sectional shape on the accidental dispersion and explosion characteristics of hydrogen","authors":"Lei Baiwei ,&nbsp;Guo Zekai ,&nbsp;Li Xiaotang ,&nbsp;Guo Changna","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2026.107462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2026.107462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To analyze the impact of different tunnel cross-sectional geometries on the accidental dispersion and explosion characteristics of hydrogen, In this study, we utilize the CFD tool GASFLOW-MPI to numerically simulate the leakage, dispersion, and combustion of hydrogen in a full-scale tunnel. Two different tunnel cross-sectional structures are considered: arched roof tunnel and trapezoidal roof tunnel. The DES turbulence models simulate the hydrogen leakage and combustion processes. The characteristics of hydrogen dispersion distribution, concentration stratification, flame acceleration zones, etc., under different tunnel structures are compared and analyzed. Additionally, the peak overpressure generated by hydrogen explosion under both tunnel structures is calculated. The results show that the arched roof tunnel has a wider dispersion range in the tunnel length direction, promoting the mixing of a larger amount of hydrogen with fresh air. However, the arched roof tunnel top is also more prone to forming high-concentration hydrogen accumulation zones in local areas, posing a risk of flame acceleration and detonation transition. The trapezoidal roof tunnel has a larger dispersion distance in the vertical and tunnel width directions, resulting in a more uniform mixing of the hydrogen cloud, and the risk of deflagration-to-detonation transition is relatively lower. The damage to the tunnel structure and personnel caused by the deflagration overpressure of the dispersed hydrogen cloud was evaluated. The results show that the arched roof tunnel has a larger range and more severe overpressure and high-temperature damage to the tunnel structure and equipment in the top space. The middle and lower spaces of the trapezoidal roof tunnel cause more damage to the personnel located there. This study can provide theoretical support for improving the prevention of hydrogen leakage accidents in highway tunnels, the ability to respond to emergencies, and tunnel design and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 107462"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new rock cutting and splitting method for hard-rock excavation: methodology, scaled model test and numerical modelling, and field validation","authors":"Jung-Woo Cho ,&nbsp;Hoyoung Jeong ,&nbsp;Sang-Hwa Yu ,&nbsp;Hee-Suk Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2026.107477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2026.107477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rock cutting and splitting is a new mechanical excavation method that consists of two steps: cutting with a saw and splitting with a wedge. The rock is cut to a prescribed depth in the first step, then each block is split by inserting a wedge into the cut. The main failure mechanism is tensile crack propagation from the base of the block towards the free face. We introduce an analytic solution to estimate the required indenting force. A series of scaled model tests confirmed that effective block separation occurs when the spacing-to-depth ratio is &lt;2.0. Numerical models reproduce the tensile fracturing mechanism and validate the experimental results. Finally, in situ excavation tests on a granite slope and a simulated tunnel face demonstrate the applicability of the method to real-world situations. In hard rock (UCS &gt; 100 MPa), the net cutting rate of CS method was 20 %–30 % higher than that predicted for roadheaders and more than 600 % higher than that of impact hammers. Photogrammetric surveys confirmed that the block shape matches the intended shape, suggesting the potential reuse of the blocks as construction material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 107477"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooling energy demand for maintaining frozen wall thickness in artificial ground freezing","authors":"Xu Li ,&nbsp;Rui-ming Li ,&nbsp;Xiao-kang Li ,&nbsp;Shuang Liu ,&nbsp;Zheng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The frozen wall thickness (<em>E</em>) is critical for both freezing performance and expense in artificial ground freezing (AGF), while maintaining <em>E</em> precisely still poses a challenge. Accordingly, this study proposes a novel concept of cooling energy demand (<span><math><msub><mover><mi>Q</mi><mo>̇</mo></mover><mtext>d</mtext></msub></math></span>) at which <em>E</em> remains stable through a numerical orthogonal test on the heat exchange between the frozen wall and the surrounding stratum. Furthermore, a comprehensive <span><math><msub><mover><mi>Q</mi><mo>̇</mo></mover><mtext>d</mtext></msub></math></span> prediction model is developed and validated considering the initial stratum temperature, thermal conductivity of soil particles, saturated water content, and target frozen wall radius. Results show that heat flux between frozen wall and stratum remains uniform at the steady freezing state across an arbitrary section, laying a foundation for introducing the <span><math><msub><mover><mi>Q</mi><mo>̇</mo></mover><mtext>d</mtext></msub></math></span>. Additionally, the initial temperature and thermal conductivity of stratum are primary factors governing <span><math><msub><mover><mi>Q</mi><mo>̇</mo></mover><mtext>d</mtext></msub></math></span>, with a contribution rate of 70% and 24%, respectively, while the rest are secondary factors that can be normalized. Moreover, it has been verified that the proposed <span><math><msub><mover><mi>Q</mi><mo>̇</mo></mover><mtext>d</mtext></msub></math></span> model achieves higher precision than empirical approaches in controlling <em>E</em>. Overall, this study offers not only a theoretical basis but also practical guidance for precisely controlling frozen wall thickness in AGF engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 107407"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145903400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the time-dependent behavior of underground rock tunnels: Insights from a generalized non-associative thermo-viscoplastic damage model","authors":"Zhi-Jie Wen ,&nbsp;Jian Tao ,&nbsp;Yu-Jun Zuo ,&nbsp;Xing Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The time-dependent deformation of underground rock tunnels in coupled geopressure and geothermal environments poses significant challenges to sustainable resource extraction and subsurface space utilization. In this study, a novel non-associative thermo-viscoplastic damage model is proposed within the thermodynamic framework for characterizing the rock creep behavior. By integrating the temperature and damage variables directly into the free energy and energy dissipation functions, the derived yield criterion can automatically capture the pressure- and thermally-induced rock hardening/softening response. The proposed model is systematically validated by laboratory triaxial compression and creep tests, and is then applied to investigate the long-term creep performance of underground rock tunnels at different temperatures. The underlying mechanisms responsible for time-dependent tunnel deformation and cracking are quantitatively elucidated through stress-displacement-damage coupling analysis. The calculated results reveal that the surrounding rock in major principal stress directions generally exhibits limited damage but significant displacement, prone to inducing rock extrusion and bulging. In contrast, the tunnel region in minor principal stress directions will experience smaller time-dependent deformation yet severe damage accumulation, rendering it susceptible to localized rock fracturing. Moreover, elevated temperatures are shown to accelerate the creep failure of underground tunnels owing to thermally-induced rock deterioration, and the timely support measures are thus indispensable for ensuring tunnel stability in geothermal settings. The findings of our study are believed to enhance the understanding of time-dependent rock deformation in coupled thermal–mechanical conditions and can thus provide a theoretical basis for guiding the adaptive support design of deep geothermal tunnels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 107428"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent identification and deformation analysis of subsurface cavities in deep excavations using CNN-based inverse modeling","authors":"Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Ya-Dong Xue ,&nbsp;Jin-Zhang Zhang ,&nbsp;Gang Zheng ,&nbsp;Zeng-Zhi Qian ,&nbsp;Yu-Xin Zhai","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Subsurface cavities in soft soil poses significant geotechnical challenges to the rapid expansion of urban underground spaces. This study presents a comprehensive framework for quantifying cavity-induced deformation amplification during deep excavation and develops an intelligent inversion system for cavity characterization using monitoring data. Through 1,800 finite element simulations, parametric analyses reveal that cavities located within 0.5 times the excavation depth (<em>H</em>_e) horizontally from the diaphragm wall and at depths of 1.5 <em>H</em>_e to 2.25 <em>H</em>_e constitute the most critical influence zone, amplifying horizontal wall displacement by up to 1.67 times and ground settlement by up to 2.2 times. K-means clustering analysis identifies five distinct settlement deformation patterns (Modes I–V) strongly correlated with cavity size and location. A convolutional neural network (CNN) based inversion model is developed to predict cavity dimensions and positions from deformation monitoring data, achieving over 85 % accuracy (R² &gt; 0.85) on test datasets. The model demonstrates robust performance under soil parameter uncertainties modeled with random fields, maintaining acceptable prediction accuracy when spatial variability is considered. This integrated framework provides a practical tool for real-time cavity detection and risk mitigation in deep excavation projects within cavity-bearing strata, offering valuable guidance for construction safety management in complex urban geological conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 107419"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-physics integration model for predicting tunnel convergence subject to water level fluctuations and lining structure degradation","authors":"Junjie Liu ,&nbsp;Qing Ai ,&nbsp;Lulu Zhang ,&nbsp;Junyi Zhu ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Xingchun Huang ,&nbsp;Yong Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring data from underwater tunnels are critical for operations and maintenance. However, they are often corrupted by noise from water level fluctuations, and the degradation process within them is difficult to extract, which limits the utility of these data. To address this issue, this study proposes a data-physics integration model for predicting tunnel convergence considering water level fluctuations and lining structure degradation. In the data-driven part, an improved Seasonal and Trend decomposition using Loess (STL) is developed to separate seasonal and trend components while accounting for gradual stiffness degradation of the tunnel lining, thereby producing more realistic time-variant seasonal component. In the physics-based part, a probabilistic degradation model is constructed on the modified rigid ring model, with parameters dynamically updated via a dynamic Bayesian network. By embedding the physics-based degradation model into the STL framework, the proposed approach enhances the prediction accuracy of trend component and strengthens physical interpretability. Comparative analysis using convergence monitoring data from a real underwater tunnel shows that, the proposed integration model achieves higher prediction accuracy and better captures the underlying degradation mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 107440"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instability analysis of circumferential and radial yielding structures in high in-situ stress soft rock tunnels based on polyurethane foam","authors":"Jimeng Feng ,&nbsp;Yifei Li ,&nbsp;Jianchi Ma ,&nbsp;Jiacheng Song ,&nbsp;Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Junru Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhijian Yan ,&nbsp;Hongtao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In soft rock tunnels under high in-situ stress, traditional rigid support structures are often incapable of accommodating the substantial, continuous deformation of the surrounding rock, which frequently leads to structural failure. To achieve effective stress release and ensure structural integrity, this study investigates the instability mechanisms of both circumferential and radial yielding structures using an integrated methodology that combines laboratory experiments, three-dimensional numerical simulations, and physical model tests. The results indicate that: (1) Polyurethane foam, as a typical highly compressible material, exhibits excellent energy absorption capacity and deformation compatibility, making it an ideal filler for yielding structures; (2) Regarding structural response, the failure of circumferential yielding structures is primarily caused by connection failure at the joints; deploying 5 to 7 nodes is recommended to ensure structural continuity and effective load transfer. In contrast, the failure of radial yielding structures is mainly due to the failure of the compressible layer, resulting in uncontrollable deformation; a compressible layer thickness of 25 to 30 cm is advised; (3) Depending on the burial depth and in-situ stress level, guidelines for selecting appropriate support structures are provided: circumferential yielding structures effectively control large deformations when the strength-to-stress ratio ranges from 1.2 to 0.4, while radial yielding structures are more suitable for a ratio between 0.7 and 0.25. The findings of this study provide valuable insights to guide the optimization of support design for soft rock tunnels under high in-situ stress conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 107399"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards intelligent shield position control: A novel offline reinforcement learning framework with SCA-MOPCEO integration","authors":"Jiajie Zhen ,&nbsp;Fengwen Lai ,&nbsp;Ming Huang ,&nbsp;Jim S. Shiau ,&nbsp;Junjie Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhen Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2026.107468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2026.107468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To tackle the challenges of untimely position control in shield tunneling, this study proposes a novel offline reinforcement learning (RL) framework aimed at enabling intelligent decision-making for cylinder push thrust. The proposed framework comprises two key components: a state classification and assignment (SCA) method and a model-based offline policy conservative exploration optimization (MOPCEO) model. Specifically, the SCA method partitions the dataset into distinct clusters to accommodate the wide value range and time-varying distribution of shield tunneling data. MOPCEO incorporates an offline conservative exploration (OCE) strategy to enhance dataset exploration, mitigate error accumulation, and minimize the risk of high-consequence actions. Furthermore, an interpretability analysis combining Shapley Q values and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed to validate the reasonability and reliability of MOPCEO. The proposed framework is trained and tested using the dataset from the Xiamen Metro shield tunneling project. Results show that the MOPCEO not only outperforms baseline models but also significantly enhances the automation and intelligence of shield tunneling position control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 107468"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D reality and deep zoom image framework for inspection of an undersea multi-chamber tunnel","authors":"Jun Shen ,&nbsp;Jiazhi Huang ,&nbsp;Zhiheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Bao ,&nbsp;Junhong Li ,&nbsp;Xiangsheng Chen ,&nbsp;Hongzhi Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2026.107466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2026.107466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate inspection of undersea tunnel linings is essential for ensuring the long-term structural integrity and safe operation of marine infrastructure. However, conventional methods struggle with multi-chamber configurations due to visual data isolation and limited spatial correlation across chambers. To address this challenge, we propose a novel 3D Reality and Deep Zoom Image (3DZI) inspection technique that integrates 3D reconstruction with panoramic image unfolding. This method establishes a formalized mapping between three-dimensional models and high-resolution surface imagery, enabling precise localization, cross-chamber defect tracking, and improved data fusion. The proposed approach is cost-effective, scalable, and adaptable to confined and complex environments. Demonstrated in a real-world large-diameter undersea tunnel project, the method achieved reconstruction accuracy within ± 10 mm using consumer-grade equipment, offering a practical and economical solution for intelligent tunnel monitoring. The paper also discusses limitations regarding environmental variability, automation potential, and scalability. The findings contribute to the advancement of engineering informatics by extending how spatial and visual knowledge can be formalized and operationalized in the built environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 107466"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}