Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology最新文献

{"title":"An interpretable rockburst prediction model based on SSA-CatBoost","authors":"Weiqiu Kong ,&nbsp;Peng Hou ,&nbsp;Xin Liang ,&nbsp;Feng Gao ,&nbsp;Quansheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rockburst is a common geological hazard in deep geotechnical engineering. In this study, the categorical boosting (CatBoost) was used to classify rockburst intensity, and the weight and threshold parameters of CatBoost was optimized by the sparrow search algorithm (SSA). Then, a database containing 357 rockburst cases from engineering projects around the world was established, and six features was selected as inputs for the model: the maximum tangential stress of rock <em>σ_θ</em>; the uniaxial compressive strength of rock <em>σ_c</em>; the tensile strength of rock <em>σ_t</em>; the stress ratio of rock <em>σ_θ</em>/<em>σ_c</em>; the brittleness ratio of rock <em>σ_c</em>/<em>σ_t</em>; and the elastic strain energy index of rock <em>W_et</em>. In the performance test of SSA-CatBoost, it reached an accuracy of 92.96% on the independent test set, and the prediction accuracy was improved by 16.04 percentage points compared to CatBoost. The SSA-CatBoost has better accuracy and generalization capabilities when compared to the existing rockburst empirical criteria and other machine learning models. The accuracy of the SSA-CatBoost reached 100% when the model was validated in three actual projects. In addition, interpretability analysis was conducted on the output results of the SSA-CatBoost model by the shapley additive explanations (SHAP). The input feature <em>W_et</em> that has the greatest impact on the model was identified, and the facilitating or inhibiting effects of different features on the output results are revealed. Research results indicate that the model can predict the levels of rockburst in geotechnical engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106820"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geothermal hydronic pavement heating and cooling systems using tunnel geothermal energy","authors":"Till Kugler ,&nbsp;Mustafa Mustafa ,&nbsp;Christian Moormann","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of geothermal energy from tunnel drainage water presents a promising approach for sustainable heating solutions, particularly in the context of keeping roads and pavements clear of ice and snow. Tunnel structures, due to their large surface contact with both tunnel air and the surrounding soil, fundamentally possess significant thermal potential. This potential arises from the natural geothermal heat flux present in the earth as well as the heat generated within the tunnel by vehicular activities such as exhaust and braking energy. The two primary methods of utilising this thermal energy are the hydro-geothermal (open) system and absorber-heat pump (closed) system. A particularly interesting application of this geothermal potential is the direct passive geothermal surface heating through a Geothermal Hydronic Pavement system (HAP). This system utilises the tunnel water as the heat transfer medium without the need for heat pumps. The tunnel water flows through bifilarly arranged tubes installed beneath road surfaces. This system not only ensures ice and snow-free road surfaces during winter but can also prevent plastic deformations, such as rutting, during summer. A large-scale pilot project, termed the “Technical facility Füssen,” was implemented at the north portal of the “Grenztunnel Füssen”, a border tunnel connecting Germany with Austria. This project involved the development of nine test surfaces, each with different configurations of pipe materials, depths, and spacings. The results from this pilot project, combined with extensive numerical studies, underscore the viability and efficiency of using tunnel drainage water for passive geothermal heating of road surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106812"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of temporarily flowable self-compacting backfill materials in large-scale sewer applications in Germany","authors":"Nicole Kimmling ,&nbsp;Matteo Rubinato ,&nbsp;Bert Bosseler ,&nbsp;Martin Liebscher ,&nbsp;Mark Klameth ,&nbsp;Mirko Salomon ,&nbsp;Serdar Ulutas","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ground subsidence due to inadequate compaction of backfill materials and damaged sewer pipelines poses significant risks to urban infrastructure. This study evaluates the performance of Temporarily Flowable Self-Compacting Backfill (TFSB) materials in large-scale sewer applications, addressing key properties such as flowability, volume stability, re-excavation capability, and recyclability. Five TFSB formulations were experimentally assessed using a large-scale test rig replicating real-world sewer construction conditions. The study employed a multi-criteria evaluation framework, integrating innovative testing methodologies such as the Mini-MAC system for pipe-soil stiffness measurement and a walkability test to determine early load-bearing capacity.</div><div>Results demonstrated substantial variability in TFSB performance. While certain formulations exhibited superior flowability and bedding continuity, others faced challenges related to post-hardening and re-excavation difficulty. Compressive strength measurements revealed that materials exceeding 0.3 N/mm² at 28 days hindered future removability, necessitating formulation adjustments for optimal structural integrity and maintainability. Additionally, environmental assessments identified gaps in existing standards, emphasizing the need for regulatory updates tailored to TFSB-specific properties.</div><div>This research provides actionable insights for network operators and industry stakeholders, offering a framework for optimizing TFSB formulations to enhance urban infrastructure resilience. The findings contribute to the development of standardized guidelines for TFSB applications, promoting cost-effective, sustainable, and structurally reliable backfill solutions for sewer construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106754"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-impending decision-making for TBM tunneling control based on loading phase data","authors":"Kang Fu ,&nbsp;Yiguo Xue ,&nbsp;Daohong Qiu ,&nbsp;Peng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The scientific decision-making of TBM boring phase tunneling parameters is of great significance for ensuring safe and efficient TBM tunneling. This study proposes a short-impending decision-making process framework for TBM tunneling control based on loading phase data. Firstly, the Pearson correlation coefficient method was used to calculate the correlation between the tunneling parameters of the loading phase and the boring phase, and the thrust <em>F</em>, torque <em>T</em>, rotational speed <em>N</em>, and penetration <em>p</em> with the highest correlation were obtained as the input parameters for the loading phase; Then, Improved Symmetric Geometric Mode Decomposition (ISGMD) was used to decompose the input parameters of the TBM loading phase, and the Improved Symmetric Geometry Component (ISGC) with high correlation coefficient was obtained; Subsequently, Composite Multiscale Permutation Entropy (CMPE) was used to calculate the characteristic entropy values of the loading phase input parameters’ ISGCs, which were used as the loading phase input variables, and the surrounding rock grade was used as the geological condition constraint input variable, and the boring phase TBM tunneling parameters of the previous tunneling cycle were used as the time-series input variables to construct a TBM tunneling data sample library; Afterwards, the Osprey-Cauchy Sparrow Search Algorithm (OCSSA) was used to globally optimize the hyperparameters of the Improved Temporal Convolutional Network (ITCN) model, obtain the optimal model hyperparameters, and construct the OCSSA-ITCN model; Finally, based on the OCSSA-ITCN model, the stable tunneling parameters <em>F_s</em>, <em>T_s</em>, <em>N_s</em>, and <em>p_s</em> of TBM were predicted. The average <em>R</em>², <em>MAPE</em>, and <em>RMSE</em> of the predicted results were 0.9460, 6.25%, and 235.39, respectively, indicating high prediction accuracy. In addition, the influence of different input variables on the prediction accuracy of the OCSSA-ITCN model was discussed, as well as the improvement efficiency of the OCSSA and ITCN algorithms, and the enhancement performance of the ISGMD and CMPE models. The rationality of the proposed short-term decision-making framework was further validated using the engineering verification dataset. In summary, the proposed TBM tunneling control short-impending decision-making process framework has good engineering applicability and can provide scientific auxiliary decision-making for drivers to select TBM tunneling parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106819"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution seismic scattering imaging for urban underground infrastructure mapping","authors":"Wenzhao Meng,&nbsp;Jinqiu Chong,&nbsp;Wei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban redevelopment often encounters information gaps due to the lack of clear records on previously built, poorly documented infrastructure. Construction activities are especially vulnerable to unintentionally damaging small-scale underground structures (such as cables, pipes, and conduits) that are concealed within complex subsurface layers or masked by electrical and electromagnetic interference. This study integrates a series of data processing techniques with an unsupervised machine learning method, Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), to accurately detect both the horizontal and vertical locations of underground openings. The results demonstrate that the Radon-transformed data combined with GMM clustering effectively capture the horizontal locations of underground openings and identify reference seismic sources, while the velocity semblance analysis and the cross-correlation method reliably determine their vertical positions. Additionally, the Devito simulation provides a clear interpretation of scattered wave generation and propagation, highlighting the challenges in determining the vertical locations due to scattered waves predominantly originating from the upper boundary of the openings. Our findings emphasize that selecting an appropriate frequency range is critical for reliably detecting small-scale openings. Finally, the method is applied to detect a jet fuel pipe, showcasing the performance of this method in detecting small-scale underground infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106811"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic-based array leakage detection technology and experimental study for urban water supply pipeline network","authors":"Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Qian Hai ,&nbsp;Qunfang Hu ,&nbsp;Bowen Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban water supply network leakage problems can lead to pipe burst, ground collapse and other accidents, seriously affecting urban production, life and operational safety. At present, among the three detection technologies of in-pipe detection, on-pipe contact detection and ground-based non-contact detection, manual listening method is commonly used for major cities, which can only determine the approximate location of the leakage point and the process is time-consuming. In this paper, we have developed ground-based acoustic array detection technology based on acoustic sensors, by modelling the sensor deployment location, and carrying out a variety of leakage conditions simulation test, established the relationship between reliability and the required sensor spacing and number, and through the acoustic signal characterization of the typical conditions, the spatial reconstruction of pipeline leakage sound field by using Kriging method realizes the accurate positioning of leakage, and thus establishes a quantitative prediction model for water pipeline leakage based on the breakage size and leakage flow rate. In the field test, the existing non-contact detection exhibited an accuracy range of ±3 ∼ 5 m, while the proposed ground-based acoustic array detection technology demonstrated an accuracy range of ±0.5 ∼ 1 m, yielding more precise results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106810"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of shaft construction method","authors":"Siamak Hashemi,&nbsp;Bruce Ashcroft,&nbsp;Nick Chittenden,&nbsp;Ulf Gwildis,&nbsp;Jason Heine,&nbsp;Joe Luxford,&nbsp;Fred Marquis,&nbsp;Verya Nasri,&nbsp;Martin Preene,&nbsp;Aydin Shaterpour-Mamaghani,&nbsp;Joseph Anthony Sopko,&nbsp;Urszula Tomczak,&nbsp;Neal Wedding,&nbsp;Mike Wongkaew","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underground structures play a crucial role in both civil and mining engineering. Central to these projects are shafts which are vertical or inclined passages that provide essential access to the subsurface and are fundamental to creating and maintaining these subsurface environments. They may provide access during construction of tunnels, facilitate ventilation, or can be used in water and waste management. The wide range of applications of shafts has been described in the document “Shafts – Definitions and Classifications” published in April 2021 by WG23 of the ITA. Each of these applications and shafts have different needs and specifications. Since the size, shape, and depth of shafts are specified depending on project needs and based on geological and hydrological conditions of the site, it is important to select a suitable method for the safe and economic construction of the structure and to assure the quality of the final structure for safe operation. This document reviews the different construction methods, discusses the conditions in which they can be applied, and points out the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Charts and diagrams have been prepared that could be used as a tool to help selecting a suitable method based on site conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106654"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic response of deep rectangular tunnels considering nonlinear ground and excess pore pressures accumulation","authors":"Eimar Sandoval ,&nbsp;Antonio Bobet","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seismic response of rectangular tunnels under undrained loading is not well understood. Two-dimensional dynamic numerical analyses are performed to evaluate the undrained seismic response of deep rectangular tunnels. For comparison purposes, drained analyses and circular tunnels are also included. To simulate the nonlinearity of the ground and excess pore pressures, a cyclic nonlinear constitutive model is used, while the liner is assumed to remain in its elastic regime. The flexibility ratio <span><math><mi>F</mi></math></span> is the main factor controlling the distortions of the cross section and loading on the liner. For drained loading and stiff, or low-flexibility, structures with initial <span><math><mi>F</mi></math></span> <span><math><mo>≤</mo></math></span> 2.5, the tunnel shape has almost negligible effect on its distortions. As the tunnels become more flexible, the differences in distortions among the different cross sections increase, with the smallest values for circular structures, followed by square, and rectangular tunnels having the largest distortions. For undrained loading, except for the stiffest structure with initial <span><math><mi>F</mi></math></span> = 0.10, there is a clear effect of the tunnel shape on the distortions. In this case, the smallest distortions are for the square tunnels, followed by the rectangular and then the circular tunnels, which produce the largest deformations. The liner loading follows the expected trend of larger axial thrusts and lower bending moments for the tunnel with a circular cross section than for the square and rectangular tunnels. The loads on the structures do not change much once the structure becomes flexible. The changes are negligible from <span><math><mi>F</mi></math></span> <span><math><mo>&gt;</mo></math></span> 2.5 for axial forces and from <span><math><mi>F</mi></math></span> <span><math><mo>&gt;</mo></math></span> 10 for bending moments. For flexible structures, the drained loading produces larger loading than the undrained loading, with smaller differences for bending moments and larger differences for axial forces, which increase as the tunnel becomes stiffer (<span><math><mi>F</mi></math></span> <span><math><mo>≤</mo></math></span> 2.5).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106757"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of rock-machine interaction responses in sandstone with distributed boreholes through TBM tunnelling test","authors":"Wei-Qiang Xie ,&nbsp;Xiao-Li Liu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Xiong Zhou ,&nbsp;Nai-Fu Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geological drilling is frequently used in the tunnelling process of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) to detect the engineering geology ahead the tunnel face. The presence of distributed borehole is considered as challenging geology, which affects the TBM tunnelling response. This study investigates the rock-machine interaction characteristics of TBM tunnelling in sandstone with distributed boreholes. Utilizing a novel tunnelling test platform, named DGTBM-A, comprehensive experiments were conducted on sandstone specimens with varying uniaxial compressive strengths (UCS) and different borehole distributions. The DGTBM-A platform can reveal the tunnelling process of TBM and record the tunnelling parameters in real-time. The experiments involve sandstone specimens with uniaxial compressive strengths (UCS) of 32 MPa (low), 61 MPa (medium), and 95 MPa (high). The medium strength specimens contain 0–4 symmetrically distributed boreholes (diameter = 50 mm, depth = 200 mm). The experiments aimed to understand the influence of the geological variables on rock-TBM interaction. The interaction was characterized by thrust, torque, penetration, as well as the characteristics of the produced rock muck. It finds that higher thrusts improved tunnelling efficiency by 200 % with thrust increasing from 20 to 70 kN, but specific energy consumption increases linearly (slope = 0.015 MJ/m³/kN). Distributed boreholes enhanced TBM tunnelling efficiency (advance rate increased by 47 % at 40 kN thrust) without significantly raising energy costs (specific energy raised 12 %), though the required torque rose substantially (about 30 %). Rocks with higher strength pose greater excavation challenges (field penetration index increased by 200 %), with lower advance rate and higher required torque. Rock muck analysis shows that larger thrusts and boreholes led to more effective rock breaking, producing a higher proportion of fine particles. This study provides an understanding of the rock-machine interaction involved in TBM tunnelling in rocks with distributed boreholes, which can inform the design and optimization of TBM operations in similar geological conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106816"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Optimal intensity measures for fragility analysis of shallow circular subway tunnels subjected to Rayleigh waves” [Tunn. and Undergr. Space Technol. 159 (2025) 106478]","authors":"Ji Zhang, Hengyi Li, Chenyu Yan, Zigang Xu, Haiyang Zhuang, Baizan Tang, Guobo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2025.106809","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}