Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology最新文献

{"title":"Sustainability of rapid-transit expansion in large metropolitan areas: Gaps and solutions for decision-making improvement","authors":"Tamara Kondrachova,&nbsp;Eric J. Miller,&nbsp;Giovanni Grasselli","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Focusing on sustainability, this paper explores the decision-making process adopted in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) for delivery of rapid transit projects. The GTA represents the largest Canadian metropolitan area operating under democratic principles similar to other democracies across the globe. The term “public sector” in this context includes all government levels—municipal, provincial, and federal—and their agencies, which collectively utilize taxpayer funding to deliver essential public services. This study consolidates the evolution and outcomes of a 30-year decision-making process by compiling open-source internet data into two specialized databases. The analysis indicates that, over the last three decades, rapid transit projects have experienced steadily increasing delivery timelines and costs. These trends correlate with a slow expansion of rapid transit networks, averaging only 0.7–1.6 km/year across Canada. Notably, in the GTA, the average project delivery timeline has extended from 7 years to 12 years since the year 2000, while costs have escalated fourfold. Additionally, construction costs for water and wastewater pipelines and tunnels have risen by up to a factor of 20 relative to historical values. In response to these unsustainable trends, this study proposes a novel decision-making framework to evaluate the sustainability of rapid transit alternatives. The framework addresses the absence of comprehensive project planning tools that compare horizontal routes, vertical alignments, and feasible construction methods. By offering a systematic approach to select the most sustainable rapid transit solutions, this framework is particularly beneficial for large metropolitan areas experiencing rapid urbanization and a pressing need for long-term sustainable infrastructure. Furthermore, its adoption modernizes an outdated decision-making paradigm rooted in the 20th century, advancing toward a more sustainable, integrated approach for each public sector decision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107083"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A genetic programming model for estimating the rock mass deformation modulus based on analytical parameters and in situ stress","authors":"Mohammad Reza Shahverdiloo,&nbsp;Shokrollah Zare","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The estimation of the rock mass deformation modulus (<span><math><msub><mtext>D</mtext><mtext>f</mtext></msub></math></span>) has a history of nearly half a century with empirical models. However, reliable estimation of <span><math><msub><mtext>D</mtext><mtext>f</mtext></msub></math></span> has been a challenging task due to the theoretical background of input parameters and data analysis methods. Analytical models present the principal input parameters; however, according to this study, the concept of principal input parameters (PIP) was developed with an emphasis on in situ stress. A review of seventy empirical models revealed that the majority of existing models suffer from a lack of PIP. Moreover, based on the geological strength index, confined Young’s modulus, and shear and normal joint stiffness at specified normal stress, the deformation modulus is forecasted by a new multigene genetic programming (MGP) as an optimal mathematical relationship in terms of fitness functions. A comparison of the estimated deformation modulus with several existing empirical models based on the same database, seventy-nine valid data sets of different rock types, shows the superiority of the new MGP in terms of residual average and fitness function (RMS and <span><math><msup><mrow><mtext>R</mtext></mrow><mtext>2</mtext></msup></math></span>). Furthermore, the Earth’s crust stress impact on <span><math><msub><mtext>D</mtext><mtext>f</mtext></msub></math></span> was numerically simulated through 3DEC, based on a plate jacking test, in which only the azimuth of the main horizontal in situ stress changed consecutively to achieve the calculated deformation modulus based on the model’s displacement at the extensometer anchor points. The integration of PIP’s concept with the MGP model improves the global acceptability of empirical models in analytical and numerical stability analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107073"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on deformation mechanism and support structure optimization of composite strata in red beds tunnel excavation","authors":"Ziming Qu ,&nbsp;Yiguo Xue ,&nbsp;Fanmeng Kong ,&nbsp;Cuiying Zhou ,&nbsp;Jingkai Qu ,&nbsp;Zhen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to solve the problems of large and nonuniform deformation of the surrounding rock, cracking and spalling of the lining of red beds tunnel excavation, the deformation mechanism of composite strata in red beds tunnel excavation was analyzed based on Leye tunnel of Chongqing-Kunming High-speed Railway, and the design of supporting structure was optimized. Firstly, optical identification tests, uniaxial compression tests, triaxial compression tests, and scanning electron microscopy tests were conducted to analyze the mineral composition, mechanical properties and micro-interfacial characteristics in order to investigate the rock properties and mechanical differences between red beds mudstone and sandstone. Subsequently, based on the obtained physical and mechanical parameters of the red beds mudstone and sandstone, the instability evolution law of surrounding rock of composite strata in red beds tunnel excavation was analyzed using the finite difference software FLAC-3D, and the design of the support structure was optimized, the optimal support parameters were proposed. Finally, the optimized support structure was applied in the field, and the field monitoring data showed a good deformation control effect, the optimized support reduces surrounding rock deformation by 82.7% and decreases the maximum deformation rate by 87.5%, which verified its efficacy in controlling the deformation of the surrounding rock in the composite strata of red beds tunnel excavation. The research results accurately reflect the deformation mechanism of composite strata in red beds tunnel excavation, and can provide theoretical guidance for the supporting structure design of corresponding red beds composite strata tunnels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107132"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of interaction response of multi disc cutters cutting concrete pile using dynamic FEM method","authors":"Xiang Shen ,&nbsp;Kai Duan ,&nbsp;Xiangsheng Chen ,&nbsp;Dong Su","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct pile cutting during shield tunnel construction is a high-risk and challenging engineering task, often facing difficulties in displacement control and disturbance management. Based on direct shield pile cutting in the Haizhu Bay Tunnel, Guangzhou, China, as an example, this study establishes a dynamic model of concrete-pile cutting by multi-disc cutters. The mechanical response characteristics of piles under different tunneling parameters and geological conditions during shield cutting are analyzed. The results indicate that an increase in penetration leads to a gradual increase in the displacement of the pile head in both the tunneling and vertical directions; that changes in cutterhead rotation speed affect mainly the peak value of horizontal displacement; and that the Young’s modulus of the rock above the tunnel is the primary factor. Changes in penetration, cutterhead rotation speed, pile concrete strength, and Young’s modulus of rock significantly affect the displacement of the pile body in the tunneling direction within the non-cutting zone. The vibration of the pile head induced by pile cutting is mainly in the vertical direction, with primary frequencies of 50 Hz and harmonics in the horizontal and tunneling directions, and approximately 125 Hz in the vertical direction. When the Young’s modulus of the excavation stratum is closer to that of the pile concrete, the differences in pile-head vibrations among the three directions are minimized. The study provides insights into the mechanical behavior of piles during shield cutting and offers references for construction safety risk control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107136"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the coupled relationship between strata seepage erosion and segmental tunnels","authors":"Qihao Sun ,&nbsp;Xian Liu ,&nbsp;Yihai Bao ,&nbsp;Wouter De Corte ,&nbsp;Luc Taerwe","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In segmental tunnels, leakage leads to strata erosion, inducing structural deformation and damage, and in severe cases, causing surface subsidence and structural collapse. Existing research predominantly focuses on strata and tunnels independently, lacking a comprehensive understanding of the coupled relationship between strata and tunnel during erosion. To address this gap, model tests are designed and conducted on three different model tunnels. Key factors including tunnel deformation and leakage are investigated to explore their coupled relationship with the strata. Numerical simulations are also employed to reproduce the physical process of tunnel leakage-induced disasters, verifying the conclusions regarding the coupled relationship. The study reveals that: (1) During the physical process of tunnel leakage-induced strata erosion, the tunnel structure deformation and strata seepage erosion exhibit a weak coupling relationship. (2) A strong coupling relationship exists between strata seepage erosion and new leakage points in the tunnel. The development of new leakage points and strata erosion mutually promote each other, indicating a coupled development relationship. (3) Numerical simulations of tunnel leakage-induced strata erosion can be simplified and decoupled based on the experimental results of the aforementioned coupled relationship. This involves considering the earth pressure exerted by the strata on the tunnel structure and the interference of new tunnel leakage points in the erosion process. These findings provide a new perspective and theoretical basis for understanding the coupling problems between tunnel and strata, and also simplify the analysis process without compromising accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107122"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex variable solution for multi-step shallow tunnel excavation considering gravitational effects","authors":"Luo-bin Lin ,&nbsp;Fu-quan Chen ,&nbsp;Chang-jie Zheng ,&nbsp;Shang-shun Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-step excavation is common in large-span shallow tunnel engineering, and the tunnel cross section would be altered in sequential steps with complicated geometry. However, shallow tunnelling with complicated cavity during multi-step excavation is rarely studied using complex variable method. This paper proposes a new complex variable solution on multi-step shallow tunnelling with complicated cavity geometry by consideration of strict static equilibrium, in which the unbalanced resultant along cavity periphery due to excavation of gravitational geomaterial is cancelled by applying a fixed far-field ground surface to ensure reasonable displacement solution. Charge Simulation Method and Complex Dipole Simulation Method are applied to bidirectionally map the lower half geomaterial with a geometrically complicated cavity onto a unit annulus. The strict static equilibrium mechanical model for multi-step excavation is subsequently transformed to corresponding homogeneous Riemann-Hilbert problems, and are respectively solved to obtain accurate stress and displacement in each excavation step. The present solution is compared with equivalent finite element solution, and good agreements are observed. The theoretical improvement and limitations of the present solution are also discussed for objectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107100"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel arch lattice-shell tunnel hood design for mitigating pressure wave characteristics during a high-speed maglev train passage through a tunnel at various train speeds","authors":"Yihan Wang ,&nbsp;Yue Yu ,&nbsp;Shuai Han ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Chen ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high-speed maglev transport system, as an innovative type of rail transportation mode, fills the velocity gap between high-speed rail and aviation, but also brings more serious aerodynamic problem. In this paper, the influence of speed on the effect of the arch lattice-shell hood, a novel type of tunnel hood structure which can effectively mitigate the micro-pressure waves (MPWs) generated when high-speed trains enter tunnels, is analyzed. A three-dimensional, unsteady, compressible N-S equation with the <em>k-ε</em> two-equation turbulence model and a sliding mesh technique are employed to simulate the tunnel pressure waves when a maglev train operates at different speeds ranging from 400 km/h to 600 km/h. The speed adaptability of new-type arch lattice-shell hoods and conventional enlarged cross-section hoods is also compared. The results indicate that as train speeds increase, the maxima of tunnel pressure and pressure gradient grow following power functions. The power exponents for the arch lattice-shell hood are smaller than those for the enlarged cross-section hood. With regard to the maxima of the MPWs, the power exponent for the arch lattice-shell hood is 3.90 while that for the enlarged cross-section hood is 4.12, which indicates that the arch lattice-shell hood has a better adaptability to train operating speeds. Comparing to the enlarged cross-section hoods, the arch lattice-shell hoods maintain a mitigation rate of approximately 50 % for the maxima of MPWs 20 m outside the tunnel at various levels of train velocity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107015"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic mechanical response and multiscale fracturing of pre-stressed rock: implications for pillar burst mechanism and prevention","authors":"Xin Cai ,&nbsp;Peiyu Wang ,&nbsp;Zilong Zhou ,&nbsp;Yunmin Wang ,&nbsp;Jixiong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pillar burst, a violent failure of pre-stressed rock pillars caused by dynamic disturbances, presents significant risks in deep mining. This study examines the underlying mechanisms and energy thresholds of pillar burst through impact tests conducted on axially pre-stressed sandstone samples using a coupled static-dynamic loading system. By analyzing dynamic responses, failure patterns and energy evolution under varying axial stress ratios (0–0.8) and incident energies, five distinct final patterns of rock samples are identified: intact, axial splitting, local spalling, delayed pulverization and instant pulverization. Among them, the local spalling and delayed pulverization are recognized as pillar burst indicators, exhibiting post-peak strain recovery, time-delayed fragment ejection, and compressive-shear failure features. The results reveal that the occurrence of pillar burst is jointly governed by static pre-stress and dynamic disturbance, with the critical incident energy thresholds decreasing as axial stress increases. Moreover, the co-driving mechanism is elucidated as high static pre-stress enhances strain energy storage, while dynamic disturbances initiate microcrack growth and energy release. An empirical model is established to predict the critical incident energy density, incorporating rock strength, elastic modulus and axial stress ratio. Based on these findings, an integrated prevention strategy combining stress control, disturbance reduction, and rockmass reinforcement is advocated to mitigate pillar burst risks. The work enhances the theoretical understanding of pillar burst dynamics and offers practical guidelines for hazard prevention in deep mining.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107116"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical feature shared online transfer learning framework for cross-engineering rock mass quality perception during TBM excavation","authors":"Wenkun Yang ,&nbsp;Zuyu Chen ,&nbsp;Haitao Zhao ,&nbsp;Jianchun Li ,&nbsp;Shuo Chen ,&nbsp;Chong Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Real-time and accurate perception of rock mass quality during Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) excavation is crucial for ensuring effective and safe tunnelling operations. This is particularly challenging during the early stages of newly constructed tunnels, where limited prior geological investigations hinder the prompt evaluation of rock mass quality. Therefore, utilizing monitored data from completed tunnels to develop transferable intelligent models remains an urgent task. This study proposes a physical feature shared online transfer learning framework for cross-engineering rock mass quality prediction. First, an online data stream processor, incorporating real-time data acquisition, segmentation, and stream processing, is developed to extract physical shared features. Next, an online learning module based on the long short-term memory and probabilistic state machine (LSTM-PSM) is developed for classification probability evolution estimation. Finally, a case study is conducted to validate the framework using shared features from two tunnels. Field data from the Songhua River Tunnel (YS, 19.77 km) is used as the source domain, while data from the Chaoer to Xiliao River Tunnel (YC, 2.27 km) serves as the target domain. Results demonstrate that (1) The proposed online transfer learning method can accurately identify rock mass classification and state transition processes, (2) Physical shared features from the rock-cutting process exhibit superior performance in similarity measures and provide ease of transfer due to their accessibility in different tunnels, and (3) The online learning module outperforms state-of-the-art offline transfer learning methods in terms of accuracy and model reliability. This study offers a novel approach to cross-engineering real-time rock mass quality perception, facilitating rock mass stability assessment and supporting measure selection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107111"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual load capacity of longitudinally-cracked reinforced-concrete pipe and its recovery by CIPP versus spray-mortar liners","authors":"Xue-Feng Yan ,&nbsp;Yu-Yong Jiao ,&nbsp;Cong Zeng ,&nbsp;Samuel T. Ariaratnam ,&nbsp;Zhe-Yao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban drainage systems in China exceed 952,000 km, with reinforced-concrete (RC) pipes being dominant and increasingly cracked and leaking. This study combines eight full-scale three-edge bearing tests (DN200-III) with controlled longitudinal cracks, six rehabilitation tests (5 mm CIPP; 20 mm sprayed-mortar), and thirty concrete-damage-plasticity simulations extending D/t = 26–50 and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> = 0.19–0.51 %. A single crown crack reduces the cracking load <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>D</mi><mrow><mn>0.3</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> by 22 %; three cracks (10°/30°) by 13 %/41 %; and five uniformly spaced cracks by 67 %, while ultimate load <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>D</mi><mrow><mi>ult</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> remains within ±5 % of the intact control. A displacement-based residual-capacity model predicts full load–deflection histories with mean absolute error ≈11 % (R² = 0.97) and holds across the parametric space. Rehabilitation tests show that a 5 mm CIPP raises <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>D</mi><mrow><mi>ult</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> from 10.6 kN to 18.8 kN, whereas a 20 mm mortar liner reaches 33.0 kN. Simulations indicate diminishing returns beyond 4–5 mm for CIPP and a “hard-shell” effect for 10–15 mm mortar with ≥85 % residual capacity up to 5 % deflection ratio. A deformation-based decision chart is provided to balance strength recovery, hydraulics, and cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107126"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}