Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology最新文献

{"title":"Influence of plugging ratio and ignition position on unsteady performance of flame spread over n-butanol in circular cross section tunnels","authors":"Shenlin Yang,&nbsp;Zhiguo Xu,&nbsp;Manhou Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The shield tunnel with the circular cross section can be built without destroying the surrounding rock and ground buildings. Oil fires are particularly dangerous commonly existing from oil leaks caused by vehicle collision accident in circular cross section tunnel. The structural strength of tunnel’s ceiling and side walls should be significantly reduced by the fire. In addition, once a tunnel fire occurs, a common disposal method is to block one or two entrances of the cross-sectional bending tunnel, isolate the oxygen and make the fire self-extinguishing. In this work, the performances of flame spread over <em>n</em>-butanol fuel in two cross-sectional bending tunnels are revealed with the plugging ratios in range of 2 %−100 % and the curvature radius of 50 and 100 mm respectively. The plugging ratio is labeled as the ratio of the arc area sealed by the blocking sheet to the cross-sectional area of circular tunnel. The flame spread tests were conducted under three plugging methods (ignition-end plugging, non-ignition-end plugging and two-ends plugging). The tests are conducted under two fuel depths of 5 and 10 mm, which represent thin and thick pools of flame spread. The phenomena and classifications of flame spreading under the three plugging methods are summarized. The frequency of flame spread in pulsation regime increases from 2.5 to 4.5 Hz as the plugging ratio increases from 10 % to 50 %. With an increase in plugging ratio for two-ends plugging, the flame front position at the separation time decreases from 906 mm at <em>β</em> = 2 % to 542 mm at <em>β</em> = 50 %, and the flame separation position decreases from 348 mm at <em>β</em> = 2 % to 65 mm at <em>β</em> = 50 %. The flame separation position moves to the ignition end, indicating that the two-ends plugging can effectively inhibit oxygen entrainment, thereby reducing the burning area in the cross-sectional bending tunnel. In flame shuttling stage, the instantaneous flame spread rate is larger than 10 cm/s, so it belongs to the gas-phase controlling regime. This is because the liquid temperature during flame shuttling is larger than the flashpoint of <em>n</em>-butanol (38 °C). In stable spreading stage, the flame spread belongs to liquid-phase controlling regime and the flame spread rate is slightly increased by plugging ratio for ignition-end plugging, but decreased considerably for non-ignition-end plugging and two-ends plugging. This indicates that in a real fire scene in a circular cross section tunnel, it is recommended to increase the plugging ratio and use the two-ends plugging method to put out the liquid fire. This is consistent with the findings of the flame pulsation frequencies under varied plugging ratios and plugging methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106595"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analytical model for tunnel design in multi-layered soil","authors":"Ruiqi Yao,&nbsp;Yingbin Liu,&nbsp;Chengjia Han,&nbsp;Yiqing Dong,&nbsp;Chaoyang Zhao,&nbsp;Aayush Madan,&nbsp;Yaowen Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid expansion of underground infrastructure has driven the increased adoption of large-diameter shield tunneling, exposing limitations in traditional design methods for small-diameter tunnels under complex geological conditions. This paper presents an analytical method based on a thin curved beam model, incorporating multi-layered soil strata effects and compression-induced soil reactions on tunnel mechanics. The tunnel liner’s self-weight is also included to enhance accuracy in soil-structure interaction modeling. The model is formulated using differential equations representing beam-spring interactions and solved analytically. Validation against finite element simulations shows strong agreement in mechanical response predictions. Additionally, the proposed method is compared with traditional tunnel design methods, highlighting the differences in structural response estimations. The study also investigates the influence of tunnel self-weight on the accuracy and behavior of the proposed model. A parametric study considering a two-layer soil system investigates three key factors: the lateral earth pressure coefficient at rest, the surrounding soil’s elastic modulus, and the intersection angle of adjacent soil layers. Results indicate that higher lateral earth pressure, increased soil stiffness, or a lower intersection angle reduce tangential/radial displacements, rotation angles, and bending moments at critical points. This study provides a robust analytical framework for tunnel design in multi-layered soil environments, emphasizing the importance of complex soil-tunnel interactions. The findings contribute to optimizing tunnel designs, minimizing over-conservatism, and reducing unnecessary costs. Further research is recommended to validate these insights in diverse geological conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106572"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory investigation effects of control measures for leakage-induced erosion on seepage interactions in defective underground structures","authors":"Sige Peng ,&nbsp;Chufei Li ,&nbsp;Guanyong Luo ,&nbsp;Yan Li ,&nbsp;Hong Pan ,&nbsp;Hong Cao ,&nbsp;Shihua Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leakage-induced erosion in underground engineering has emerged as a critical issue, leading to frequent accidents and posing significant threats to structural stability and safety. While extensive research has explored the seepage behavior of individual structures, the interactions between the defects, particularly following the implementation of preventive or remedial measures, are not fully understood. Moreover, more effective solutions are needed to address scenarios involving multiple coexisting defects. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to simulate seepage conditions under various scenarios, and the aim was to investigate the mechanisms of seepage erosion initiation caused by the interactions between the near-upstream (higher hydraulic head) and far-upstream (lower hydraulic head) defects. Different reinforcement methods for near-upstream defects were evaluated, and the observed grain-scale erosion mechanisms at each defect were considered. Using the same thickness of cohesive soil to cover the defects, the other methods showed failures at either or both types of defects within a differential head that was much lower than that of a new method for controlling seepage erosion. In the new method, cohesive soil was completely replaced with sandy soil at near-upstream defects, and appropriate drainage facilities were installed to enable the maintenance of the structural integrity until the near-upstream defect exceeded 160 mm and the far-upstream defect exceeded 148 mm. The findings from this study provided valuable insights into designing more efficient and comprehensive seepage management systems for underground engineering projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106593"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilient design of urban rock tunnels using prestressed support systems: Experimental study and field applications","authors":"Wenhui Bian ,&nbsp;Zhaoxi Zhai ,&nbsp;Jun Yang ,&nbsp;Kexue Wang ,&nbsp;Qingshuo Hao ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the importance of urban underground infrastructure in disaster prevention and mitigation becomes increasingly evident, rock tunnels face complex geological and hazard risks. Prestressed support systems are widely regarded as an effective solution to enhance the disaster resilience of shallow-buried urban rock tunnels. However, traditional stress arch theory, which is designed for deeper tunnels, proves unsuitable for shallow environments, resulting in an underutilization of prestressed support systems in resilience-oriented designs. This study investigates how post-peak confining pressure compensation influences rock mass stability and strength, with verification from practical engineering cases. The results show that confining pressure compensation can significantly improve the residual strength and deformability of the rock mass, particularly at lower compensation stages, where the rock mass exhibits high sensitivity to changes in confining pressure. Furthermore, confining pressure compensation mitigates unloading-induced strength loss and substantially increases the post-peak elastic modulus. In practical engineering, the application of high-strength, high-toughness NPR bolt prestressed support in a shallow, large-span urban rock tunnel yielded significantly reduced tunnel crown settlement compared to conventional methods, demonstrating the feasibility and benefits of this approach. These findings reinforce the effectiveness of prestressed support in enhancing tunnel resilience and protecting urban underground infrastructure, offering valuable theoretical and practical insights for future development. The proposed post-peak confining pressure compensation theory underpins the resilient design of urban rock tunnels and provides a novel technological pathway for underground infrastructure in disaster prevention and recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106591"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation method and application of discontinuous longitudinal deformation of shield tunnels considering variable stiffness of the ring joints","authors":"Yanbin Fu ,&nbsp;Ning Liang ,&nbsp;Yuehua Guo ,&nbsp;Xiangsheng Chen ,&nbsp;Ze Wu ,&nbsp;Gendi Yelv ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shield tunnels are typical underground structures assembled from segmental rings and bolts. The relatively small stiffness of the ring joints compared to segmental rings can easily lead to the discontinuous deformation, and even damage or spalling of the segments, which poses a serious threat to safe tunnel operation. How to consider the discontinuous stiffness and deformation of longitudinal structure has become the core problem in tunnel calculation. In this paper, regarding the ring joint stiffness as special singularities in longitudinal structural stiffness, a physical and mechanical model which can consider the discontinuities of longitudinal structural stiffness and deformation is proposed. Variable stiffness and discontinuous deformation of longitudinal structure is considered by Delta and Heaviside function. The analytical solutions of discontinuous deformation of the segmental rings and the ring joints are obtained by using normalized functions. The case analysis shows that proposed method is in good agreement with measured field data and the error of maximum settlement is 5%. The deformation peak is smaller than that of Timoshenko beam model, but the internal force peak is larger than that of Timoshenko beam model. The jump phenomenon of longitudinal deformation can be better described. Deformation and bending stiffness of the ring joints are highly coupled. With the increase of longitudinal differential settlement, the attenuation of ring joint bending stiffness will go through four stages: constant stiffness stage, sharp attenuation stage, stable attenuation stage and decelerated attenuation stage. Proposed analytical solution can solve the difficulties of calculating discontinuous longitudinal structure of shield tunnels, and provide theoretical reference for the evaluation of running subway tunnel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106592"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A specific energy and penetration interaction-based method for optimizing TBM operational parameters in hard rock","authors":"Lei She ,&nbsp;Cheng-cheng Hu ,&nbsp;Yan-long Li ,&nbsp;Dong-feng Li ,&nbsp;Zhao-Yu Li ,&nbsp;Tao Fang ,&nbsp;Ji-guang Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The timely and appropriate adjustment of operational parameters is necessary for efficient tunneling and hazard prevention in TBM projects. However, the currently provided operation control strategies mainly tend to adjust the operational parameters by TBM driver to achieve the maximum penetration, which leads to severe cutter wear in hard rock tunnels. This study innovatively uses tunnel specific energy (<em>SE</em>_TBM) to quantitatively describe the wear state of cutting tools, and proposes a quantitative optimization strategy for operating parameters based on the specific energy and penetration (<em>SE</em>_TBM-<em>P</em>) interaction relationship. A comprehensive database of TBM performance containing 219 tunnel intervals was compiled based on five tunnel projects from China, which covered the rock properties, TBM specifications and operational parameters necessary for performance optimization. The mapping relationship between tunnel specific energy and penetration for different rock types and rock mass properties was investigated in detail, and a standardized field penetration index (SFPI) characterizing only the rock mass properties was proposed. Subsequently, a new empirical prediction model for normalized disc cutter thrust was developed using the SFPI. Based on this, a parameter optimization procedure based on <em>SE</em>_TBM-<em>P</em> interaction diagram is constructed by taking into account various operational constraints of cutter load capacity, cutterhead torque limitation, and cutter assembly geometry restriction. It can maximize advance rate and minimize downtime under the influence of different RPMs of TBM. Finally, the proposed parameter optimization method is implemented in two recent tunnel projects to verify its effectiveness. This method can overcome the TBM drivers’ subjectivity and provide a quantitative prediction for the optimum tunneling strategy in hard rock TBM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106585"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical study on the backfill grouting in mitigation of vibrations from a tunnel embedded in a half-space","authors":"Fan Li,&nbsp;Hui Wang,&nbsp;Yingyi Wang,&nbsp;Chong Li,&nbsp;Qing Ai,&nbsp;Xingchun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ground vibrations from operating railway in tunnels is a significant obstacle to sustainable development of subway. The backfill grouting layer, formed during shield tunneling, serves as a critical medium in propagation of tunnel vibrations, highlighting its potential in vibration mitigation. A semi-analytical model for the tunnel-grouting layer-soil system is proposed in this study, in order to clarify the influence of backfill grouting layer on the dynamic responses in a half-space, subjected to tunnel vibrations. In establishment of the closed-form solution, the tunnel and grouting layer are considered as two nested hollow cylinders embedded in a half-space, with applying the Fourier transform and wave transformation. As a validation, the numerical results from the proposed semi-analytical model are compared with those reported in literature. Parametric studies, with respect to the geometric configuration (i.e., the thickness) and material parameters (i.e., the Young’s modulus, material damping, and density) of the backfill grouting layer in the mitigation of tunnel vibrations, are carried out. It is found that incorporation of the backfill grouting layer significantly changes the dynamic responses of the soil and, by appropriately designing its material parameters, especially the Young’s modulus, effective mitigation of tunnel vibrations can be achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106587"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaking table and pushover tests on subway station improved by truncated columns","authors":"Chao Ma ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;De-chun Lu ,&nbsp;Guo-sheng Wang ,&nbsp;Guo-bo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies have demonstrated that reducing earthquake-induced damage to central columns in underground structures can effectively prevent the collapse of overall structures. Truncated columns (TC) are less likely to experience severe damage during lateral deformation because the partial release of the constraints at both ends of the columns helps maintain their integrity. This approach can effectively enhance the seismic performance of the overall underground structures. In this study, pushover and shaking table tests were conducted to investigate the seismic performance of a subway station using TC columns compared to that using the cast-in-place columns (CC). These tests aimed to examine failure modes, structural stiffness, lateral deformation and load-bearing capacities, acceleration and deformation responses of the underground structures. The results from the pushover tests indicated that the initial stiffness of both structures-those with TC and with CC-was equivalent. On the other hand, the shaking table tests showed no significant differences in the dynamic responses of the two types of underground structures under small earthquakes. However, the vertical ground motions exacerbated damage to the structures. Although the lateral load-bearing capacity of the structure with TC is somewhat lower, the movements between the column ends and beams during loading enhance the structure’s ability to adapt to the deformation of surrounding soil due to the release of column end constraints. As a result, the seismic resistance of the overall underground structures is improved. It is important to note that the ceiling slab and sidewalls in the structures with TC are more likely to crack during earthquakes, thus requiring additional efforts to prevent leakage. The findings of this study provide experimental evidence that supports the seismic control of underground structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106588"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-parameter determination method for rock discontinuity roughness based on geometric properties intelligent extraction","authors":"Furui Dong ,&nbsp;Shuhong Wang ,&nbsp;Hong Yin ,&nbsp;Seokwon Jeon","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To accurately and efficiently determine the rock joint roughness coefficient (<em>JRC</em>), a multi-parameter determination method for rock discontinuity roughness based on intelligent extraction of geometric properties was proposed. Firstly, a morphological characterization analysis program for rock discontinuities based on 3D point cloud reconstruction was developed. This program achieved the automatic extraction of arbitrary 2D profile lines and accurate calculation of multiple 2D characterization parameters. Then, two comprehensive characterization parameters were extracted from eight commonly used roughness characterization parameters by principal component analysis method. A multi-parameter determination method for rock discontinuity roughness based on the adaptive vigilance chaotic sparrow search algorithm optimizing extreme limit learning machine (ACSSA-ELM) was established to construct a nonlinear mapping relationship between the comprehensive characterization parameters and <em>JRC</em> to achieve an accurate prediction of discontinuity roughness. The proposed method’s performance was validated using 112 2D profile samples and three granite discontinuity samples, and the reliability of the method was demonstrated by comparing it with other methods. The sensitivity of the method to sampling interval, anisotropy, and sampling size was discussed. Finally, the proposed method was applied to the construction of the Xinglong tunnel, providing effective guidance for practical construction activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106547"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical research of hydrogen-blended natural gas leakage and diffusion in utility tunnels","authors":"Xiwen Chang ,&nbsp;Minghao Li ,&nbsp;Hui Han ,&nbsp;Pengfei Duan ,&nbsp;Yingying Kong ,&nbsp;Zikang Qin ,&nbsp;Jianlu Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuxing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The safety of hydrogen-blended natural gas (HBNG) in underground utility tunnels continues to receive attention. In this study, an experiment platform for the leakage near-field of the utility tunnel is designed based on the similarity theory. The reliability of CFD numerical simulation in the leakage near field is verified by experiments. For the leakage process of HBNG, the increase of hydrogen blending ratio (HBR) enhances the diffusion in the horizontal direction. The gas concentration in the measurement points tend to a maximum value with increasing leakage time during the leakage process in the ventilated condition. The study carried out CFD numerical simulations of HBNG leakage in the entire utility tunnel. It was found that some changes in leak location do not affect the stabilized concentration during ventilation. The alarm time is linearly related to the horizontal distance of the alarm from the leak source. Based on the numerical simulation results, a simple model of HBR, alarm location and alarm trigger time was obtained. The model can provide some references for the location and number of alarms in the utility tunnel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106578"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}