Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology最新文献

{"title":"A genetic algorithm-based approach for optimizing the interface configuration of segmental joints considering bending stiffness and bearing capacity","authors":"Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Kun Feng ,&nbsp;Ruoyang Tang ,&nbsp;Chaojie Xiao ,&nbsp;Boxue Xu ,&nbsp;Jianming Zhou ,&nbsp;Chuan He","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The joint interface is a critical component of the segment lining structure. However, its current design largely depends on analogy and empirical methods, which often prevent the joints from fully utilizing their load-bearing capacities, specifically, bending stiffness and bearing capacity. To address this limitation, first, a refined 3D numerical model was developed, capable of parametrically modelling the joint and automatically determining its bending stiffness. Second, a multi-objective optimization model was formulated, incorporating both bending stiffness and bearing capacity as performance criteria. This model was solved using a genetic algorithm-based approach. Third, the effectiveness of the optimization method and the influence of key parameters were systematically investigated. Finally, refined numerical models of the segment lining structure were established to evaluate the effects of joint configuration optimization on the mechanical performance of the overall structure. The results demonstrate that the proposed optimization method is highly effective. The maximum increases in bending stiffness and bearing capacity of joints with single and double waterproof structures were 16.9% and 19.8%, and 11.0% and 11.0%, respectively. The variation ranges of bending stiffness and bearing capacity for joints with single and double waterproof structures were −9.5–30.5% and −5–18.3%, respectively, indicating the necessity of optimizing joint interface parameters. For joints with a single waterproof structure, both bending stiffness and bearing capacity exhibit greater improvements after optimization when the axial force is higher or the weight coefficient assigned to bending stiffness is lower. Moreover, the influence of the bending stiffness weight coefficient on the optimization outcomes diminishes as the axial force increases. For joints with double waterproof structures, axial force has a relatively minor influence on the optimization results. When both the axial force and the weight coefficients of bending stiffness are either relatively low or high, the weight coefficient exerts a more significant impact on the optimization outcomes. Optimizing the interface configuration of the segmental joint can effectively control the deformation of the lining structure, with reductions in radial displacement ranging from 13.91% to 52.92%. Additionally, the bending moment and joint opening at the localized position are significantly reduced following optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 107104"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method for analyzing waterproof tunnels considering the effect of a thin water layer behind the lining","authors":"Naotoshi Yasuda ,&nbsp;Jun Saito ,&nbsp;Takeshi Matsunaga ,&nbsp;Yasuo Sawamura ,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Kishida","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waterproof tunnels are designed by assuming that water pressure acts on the lining uniformly. This assumption is made because the waterproof membrane and geotextile ensure that a thin water layer forms behind the lining. In designing waterproof tunnels with the conventionally used beam–spring model, the effect of the thin layer is considered by applying depth-dependent water pressure to the outer surface of the lining and using no-tension springs. When designing tunnels by adopting numerical analyses such as finite element analysis, the thin water layer is often ignored. Even considering the thin water layer, it is difficult to model it directly. Hence, a simplified method considering the effect indirectly is needed to estimate the stresses in the lining. This paper presents a method for analyzing waterproof tunnels. A thin water layer with zero thickness was assumed to exist at the boundary between the ground and waterproof lining. The effect of the thin layer was modeled by considering the contact–separation conditions at the ground and lining boundaries using contact elements and applying a pressure loading equivalent to the pore pressure at the interface to both boundaries. In addition, an analytical solution for a circular tunnel lining subjected to depth-dependent water pressure was derived assuming that the contact between the ground and lining was only at the crown, to clarify the basic response of the waterproof lining and to validate the numerical results. The results show that the magnitude of the bending stress varied greatly depending on the contact area of the ground and lining, and the bending stress in the lining was non-negligible relative to the axial stress. Therefore, estimating the bending stress is important in the design of waterproof tunnels. The main cause of the bending stress was the difference in buoyancy due to the depth-dependent water pressure and the total weight inside the tunnel structure. Minimizing this difference contributes to the rational design of waterproof tunnels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 107046"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Segment misalignment, joint opening, and segment rotation monitoring for tunnels using distributed optical fiber sensing","authors":"Zihao Chen ,&nbsp;Pengpeng Ni ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Dong ,&nbsp;Yuzhe Yang ,&nbsp;Zhiwang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distributed optical fiber sensing (DOFS) has been adopted in various applications due to its spatial continuity, good precision, and versatile adaptability. Currently, its use in monitoring the longitudinal deformations for tunnels remains limited. This study proposes an instrumentation method based on a “W”-shaped fiber layout configuration, and the associated analytical solutions for capturing different tunnel deformation modes (segment misalignment, joint opening, and segment rotation) are derived. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated by laboratory experiments and others’ research. Results demonstrate that the theoretical model can accurately calculate coupled tunnel deformations. Given the operational strain range within 12,000 με for optical fibers, a pre-strain of 6,000 με is recommended during fiber installation to capture both tension and compression. Segment misalignment can cause small axial fiber strain (opening strain), when the segment misalignment displacement is within ± 0.004·<em>H</em> (<em>H</em> is the tunnel segment height). Notably, true misalignment requires correction by subtracting the opening error strain from the measured value. Optimal fiber layout with <em>b</em>/<em>H</em> = 0.6 (<em>b</em> is the vertical projection of the inclined fiber) is suggested to enable the measurements of segment misalignment up to 0.004·<em>H</em> and joint opening up to 0.006·<em>L</em> (<em>L</em> is the tunnel segment length).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 107087"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic evolution process of spill fires in longitudinally ventilated flat road tunnels: Experimental study, physical modelling, and real-time forecasting","authors":"Hanchao Ma ,&nbsp;Jinlong Zhao ,&nbsp;Hong Huang ,&nbsp;Jianping Zhang ,&nbsp;Xu Zhai ,&nbsp;Shaohua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spill fires caused by leaking vehicles are a typical fire scenario in road tunnels. The behaviour of a spill fire is primarily influenced by longitudinal ventilation, followed by the complex evolution of the flame geometry and unpredictable fire risks. In this paper, spill fire experiments were conducted in a 1:8 reduced-scale road tunnel model at different wind speeds (0<em>–</em>2 m/s) and fuel discharge rates (0.80<em>–</em>2.75 ml/s). The dynamic behaviour of spill fires was studied by combining physical analysis and a machine learning method. Results showed that the flame tilt angle decreases with the discharge time, while the flame base length showed the opposite trend. By dimensionless analysis, correlations for the steady stage flame tilt angle and flame base length were proposed and validated against the experimental data. Subsequently, dynamic prediction models for the spill fire flame shape (flame tilt angle and flame base length) were established by incorporating the dimensionless correlations into a PHAST (fuel layer spreading) model. Using the machine learning method, a real-time prediction algorithm for the discharge rate was established and the prediction error was found to be less than 10 %. Finally, the dynamic evolution of the flame shape was forecasted by integrating the predicted discharge rate into the physical model. Compared to traditional approaches, the combination of physical modelling and machine learning effectively improves the interpretability of fire prediction models, showcasing the potential for enhancing intelligent firefighting systems through physical theoretical models and limited experimental data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 107093"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on failure mode and mechanical characteristics of inclined and advanced rockbolts support system","authors":"Jiamin Du,&nbsp;Chuan He,&nbsp;Guowen Xu,&nbsp;Bo Wang,&nbsp;Xu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To ensure the stability of the surrounding rock during mechanized excavation, the Chongqing-Kunming High Speed Railway has pioneered the use of pre-stressed inclined and advanced rockbolts (hereinafter referred to as “inclined rockbolts”). By adopting the “anchoring before supporting” method, it has postponed the installation of primary support, creating sufficient space for rock drilling jumbos to operate, thus minimizing over-excavation in the tunnel. This paper puts forward the concept of “anchoring before supporting” and innovatively proposes a new inclined rockbolt support system. The effectiveness of this support system has been demonstrated through field tests. Subsequently, based on the support stress field, a quantitative evaluation system for the rockbolt support effect is established, which quantitatively distinguishes the support effects of inclined rockbolts and radial rockbolts. Moreover, by utilizing tunnel horizontal loading tests, an equivalent stiffness test for simulating inclined rockbolts is proposed. This method explores the failure modes, deformation characteristics, and mechanical behaviors of different rockbolt support systems under various geo-stress fields, and the effectiveness of different support schemes are evaluated and compared. The research results indicate that, compared with radial rockbolts, the inclined rockbolt support system has a larger magnitude and wider range of the support stress field. This leads to improvements in the stress state of the surrounding rock, reduction in bending moment of the steel arch and tunnel deformation, and enhancement of the maximum bearing capacity and stability of the tunnel structure. In addition, the critical safety locations of each support scheme, along with the corresponding design and construction preventive measures, have been summarized. These research findings provide a reference for elucidating the load-bearing mechanism of the inclined rockbolt support system and its further application in tunnels and underground engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 107070"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cloud numerical computing: Informative support calculation for railway tunnels using data-driven numerical simulation and blocking sub-threaded HTTP protocol","authors":"Shuo Yuan ,&nbsp;Li Yu ,&nbsp;Hao Zhong ,&nbsp;Ming-Nian Wang ,&nbsp;Si-Ming Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a cloud-native framework that alleviates the intricate workflows, limited real-time performance, and heavy software dependency inherent in conventional tunnel-support analyses. A purely data-driven surrogate, trained on 4,933 heterogeneous tunnel sections, replaces time-consuming finite-difference simulations. Latin-hypercube sampling was used to populate the design space and to train a single full-section model that jointly predicts all stability indices. Displacement errors typically fall between 1.3 mm and 2.1 mm, with safety-factor errors around 0.11, while inference is approximately 100 times faster than finite-difference solutions. A lightweight blocking multi-thread HTTP service encapsulates the model, delivering real-time support-design feedback via standard web browsers. The proposed approach lowers the technical threshold of tunnel-support analysis and provides an efficient, real-time numerical computing solution for tunnelling in complex geological conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 107103"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of airbag off-wall tunnels model under strike-slip fault dislocation","authors":"Qiang Hui ,&nbsp;Feng Gao ,&nbsp;Xukai Tan ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Che ,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Xiong ,&nbsp;Dongmei You","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tunnels are highly susceptible to structural damage induced by active fault dislocations. Current engineering practice offers limited effective protection measures against large-magnitude fault displacements. To address this issue, this study proposes an off-wall lining system integrated with airbag technology for tunnels traversing active fault zones. The structural assembly consists of four main components: the outer lining, the airbags, the inner lining, and the abutments. The outer lining acts as the primary support, while the inner lining encloses the operational tunnel space. Circumferentially arranged airbag units occupy the annular gap between these structures. The abutments provide dedicated spaces for airbag maintenance and personnel access, while also enhancing structural stability. To evaluate the performance of this novel system under various configurations, three series of dislocation experiments were conducted using a self-designed biaxial dislocation testing platform. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed and validated. Comparative analysis of three anti-dislocation structural systems was performed. Experimental results indicated that tunnel structures underwent significant bending moments and shear forces under strike-slip fault dislocations. The airbag-off-wall system effectively safeguarded the main tunnel structure during fault events. During minor dislocations, the airbag reinforcement considerably enhanced the compressive stiffness of the system. Under large dislocations, the pressure-regulated airbags mitigated direct damage transfer to primary structural elements through active pressure relief. The inner lining maintained structural integrity even under a model dislocation of 50 mm (equivalent to 2.5 m at prototype scale). However, transient pressure spikes caused by delayed relief led to localized stress concentrations. A rapid airbag pressure release mechanism can alleviate the risk of inner lining cracking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 107089"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An intelligent and multifunctional composite for drainage pipeline monitoring based on deformation and temperature sensitivity","authors":"Chao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Wen ,&nbsp;Cuixia Wang ,&nbsp;Yangyang Xia ,&nbsp;Xinxin Sang ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Fang ,&nbsp;Niannian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital twins are widely used in structural health monitoring, but their application in underground drainage pipelines is limited due to the harsh environment. This study presents a smart pipeline composite based on ultraviolet cured-in-place pipe (UV-CIPP) technology, integrating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with glass fibers to enhance both mechanical strength and sensing capabilities. Mechanical and electrical tests examined the effects of MWCNTs concentration, sensor layer configuration, and resin content on the material’s properties. The composite achieved a bending strength of 574.14 ± 23.84 MPa and demonstrated high sensitivity to real-time damage monitoring, with pre- and post-damage sensitivity reaching 14.76 and 46.40, respectively, at 0.2 wt% MWCNTs. In addition, the material exhibited a water temperature sensitivity of −10.67 % °C⁻¹, with good stability. It also demonstrated the ability to monitor water levels and provide heating for pipe de-icing. In summary, this composite material holds great potential for applications in pipeline structural health monitoring and multifunctional systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 107088"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel concept and stability analysis of pipe layout type abandoned mine compressed air energy storage technology","authors":"Yunhao Wu ,&nbsp;Hanpeng Wang ,&nbsp;Bing Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Qianzi Du ,&nbsp;Dekang Sun ,&nbsp;Jinhou Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of abandoned mines to build compressed air energy storage (CAES) power stations can fully utilize land and space resources and reduce excavation costs. It possesses substantial economic and ecological advantages and has garnered widespread attention in recent years. Therefore, the construction of CAES for gas storage is introduced, the development prospects are systematically analyzed, the advantages and existing problems of CAES in abandoned mines are discussed, and then a novel pipe layout design for CAES technology in abandoned mines is proposed (using large-diameter seamless steel pipe as gas storage space, adding loose filling bodies into the gaps to hold pressure).Numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the surrounding rock stability and structural deformation under long-term creep loads for different types of gas storage. The results indicate that this scheme has the following advantages: ① it reduces the site selection requirements of the power station and increases the site selection range; ② it reduces the difficulty of constructing gas storage facilities; ③ it avoids the risk of gas leakage; and ④ it avoids the impact of corrosion on the gas storage facility, which increases its durability. This study provides novel ideas for the development of abandoned mine CAES technology and has the potential for large-scale promotion and application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 107080"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Face stability analysis of horseshoe-shaped shield tunnels considering dynamic effects of composite cutterhead and screw conveyor","authors":"Junkang Lin ,&nbsp;Shiqin Tu ,&nbsp;Saixu Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Chengping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Horseshoe-shaped tunnels have been increasingly adopted in recent years due to their spacious design and rational structural behavior. In shield tunnelling, multiple spoke-type cutterheads are applied to form an excavation face that closely matches the horseshoe contour. However, face stability during this specific horseshoe-shaped shield tunnelling under dynamic conditions remains unclear. In this paper, the face stability of a horseshoe-shaped shield tunnel in sand is analyzed with coupled finite difference method and discrete element method (FDM-DEM) in three dimensions. A series of triaxial tests are conducted so as to obtain appropriate parameters for soils as reference. A full-scale, refined Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) horseshoe-shaped shield machine equipped with multiple spoke-type cutterheads is applied. Twelve numerical simulations are carried out under conditions of cutterhead rotation, soil conditioning in the chamber, and soil removal by screw conveyors. Numerical results are validated through comparisons with previous literature. The results suggest that cutterhead rotation at higher speeds strengthens soil mobilization, which in turn induces flatter settlement patterns and larger failure zones. Moreover, ultimate support pressure increases with the rotating cutterhead, which also results in a more uneven pressure distribution in the soil chamber. Furthermore, cutterhead rigidity, design, and soil properties are found to have major contributions to the partial collapse in homogeneous soils. Therefore, applying a lower cutterhead rotational speed and optimizing the cutterhead arrangement can improve tunnel face stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 107065"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}