Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology最新文献

{"title":"Advances and challenges in fiber-reinforced shotcrete: A comprehensive review of fresh and placement characteristics","authors":"Yousry Shalaby ,&nbsp;Yi Tian ,&nbsp;Yanqun Xu ,&nbsp;Qiang Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fiber-reinforced shotcrete (FRS) has emerged as a technologically advanced alternative to conventional shotcrete, offering superior mechanical performance and enhanced durability, which are particularly valuable in underground engineering applications that demand high safety and stability. However, incorporating fibers into shotcrete reduces workability, leading to pumping and spraying challenges, including potential pipe blockages. Furthermore, fibers significantly influence air content and rebound rates—factors that can detrimentally affect shotcrete performance if not properly controlled. Persistent issues such as fiber clustering and non-uniform dispersion further impact its application. To address these challenges and promote FRS’s broad utilization, this paper systematically reviews its performance, focusing on the influence of fiber parameters (type, content, and geometry) and additives on fresh and placement characteristics, including slump, rheology, spraying thickness, and rebound. The review also covers critical aspects such as fiber orientation, interfacial bonding, fiber fracture morphology, and shrinkage behaviour. The reviewed results are critically evaluated and analysed against standards and well-established references, leading to actionable recommendations for FRS standardization. These findings provide insights and tailored strategies aimed at optimizing FRS mix design, thus enhancing its application in practical engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 106996"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of ambient wind on temperature distribution and smoke propagation in urban road tunnels with vertical shafts during fires","authors":"Peng Wu ,&nbsp;Zhonghao Wen ,&nbsp;Hongzhe Zhong ,&nbsp;Ru Zhou ,&nbsp;Min Hao ,&nbsp;Juncheng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High temperatures and toxic smoke are the primary causes of damage and casualties during tunnel fires. Urban road tunnels with vertical shafts are particularly vulnerable to ambient wind, which can alter internal temperature and smoke propagation. The simulation results reveal a significant coupling interaction between ambient wind conditions and shaft sizes, which is characterized using dimensionless parameters. Despite the presence of ambient wind, the temperature along the tunnel centerline continues to exhibit an exponential attenuation pattern. Using dimensionless analysis and simulation data, this study presents a predictive model to evaluate the rates of temperature attenuation and smoke propagation within tunnels. The lengthwise temperature attenuation coefficient demonstrates an exponential decrease as the dimensionless parameters vary: Larger shaft dimensions and lower wind speeds correspond to a more rapid rate of temperature attenuation within the tunnel. Furthermore, the smoke propagation velocity is proportional to the smoke temperature, and a dimensionless calculation model affected by ambient wind and shaft size is established. Finally, the proposed predictive relationships are validated using data from existing reduced-scale experiments. These results offer valuable insights for the design and fire risk assessment of shaft-type naturally ventilated tunnels under ambient wind conditions or during strong convective weather events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 106983"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of defoamer components on dynamic defoaming behavior of waste muck from EPB shield tunnelling","authors":"Bingnan Wang ,&nbsp;Ming Huang ,&nbsp;Yao Lu ,&nbsp;Xiang Xie ,&nbsp;Guangyuan Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In-situ muck recycling for earth pressure balance shield (EPBS) has become increasingly common as muck volumes continue to grow, and the majority of suburban landfills in China have already exceeded their designed capacities. Surfactants remaining in the muck can generate a significant amount of foam under the continuous scouring of high-pressure water flow, leading to foam adhesion to the soil and increasing the difficulty of defoaming. The use of hydroxyl silicone oil–glycerol polypropylene ether (H-G) defoamer is an effective method to eliminate foam and promote the resource utilization of waste muck. To investigate the effects of various defoamer components and their interactions on the dynamic defoaming process, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed in this paper. The controlled variables selected for this paper include the hydroxyl silicone oil (HSO), hydrophobic fumed silica (Nano-SiO₂), glycerol polyoxypropylene ether (GPE), sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) and polysorbate 80 (Tween 80). The responses evaluated are the 5 min defoaming ratio (DFR) and 30 min antifoaming ratio (AFR). Fifty groups of laboratory tests were conducted in a scaled flocculation tank to characterize these two response values. Moreover, the influence of the muck drying mass (MDM), and the content of the fine-grained soil in the pressure-filtration cake on the defoaming performance were investigated. Ultimately, the optimal ratio of defoamer components was determined using the desirability approach. The comparison between a commercial defoamer and the optimized H-G defoamer in this study demonstrates the applicability of the proposed RSM models. This study provides new insights into the effects and interactions of different defoamer components on dynamic defoaming and serves as a valuable reference for defoaming in the in-situ recycling of waste muck for EPB shield tunnelling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 106998"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of rock mass permeability and infiltration potential in tunnels using LIDAR-based mapping and DFN modeling","authors":"Lucas Bellini Machado ,&nbsp;Pedro Pazzoto Cacciari ,&nbsp;Gabriel Galdino de Magalhães ,&nbsp;Marcos Massao Futai","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tunnels excavated in fractured rock masses often experience water leakage and seepage, leading to stability problems, structural issues, reduced service life, and operational disruptions. In hard rock masses, these challenges arise from the interaction between tunnel excavation and pre-existing fracture networks. Identifying potential infiltration zones is crucial for optimizing tunnel design, maintenance, and inspections while preventing further deterioration. This study presents a framework for assessing rock mass permeability and infiltration potential in tunnels using advanced geological mapping, Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) modeling, and permeability tensor analysis. The methodology integrates geological data to model fracture systems, employs DFN generation in 3DEC with FISH scripting for efficient permeability analysis, and applies Oda’s permeability tensor method with a rotation matrix approach to calculate directional permeability. Based on this tensorial analysis, a new rock mass permeability index is introduced. The framework was implemented for MS Tunnel, a critical ore transport tunnel in Brazil. Optimization steps were incorporated to account for fracture connectivity and reduce permeability overestimation in low-connectivity regions. Field data, including tunnel inspections, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), were used to validate the framework, with observed leakage zones aligning closely with calculated permeability zones. The results demonstrate that fracture intensity, connectivity, and anisotropy significantly influence fluid flow behavior, aiding the identification of critical leakage zones. The proposed method offers a reliable approach for evaluating permeability in complex geological conditions, enhancing decision-making for tunnel construction and maintenance planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 106980"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation into the evolution and patterns of external loads in large-diameter underwater shield tunnels during construction","authors":"Xian Liu ,&nbsp;Nan Qin ,&nbsp;Zhen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to clarify the evolution characteristics and distribution patterns of external loads on segmental linings during the construction period of shield tunnel, this study takes the Chongming Line large-diameter cross-river shield tunnel as a case study. The external loads are systematically categorized into three distinct stages: pre-withdrawal engagement, post-withdrawal fluctuation, and stabilization. For each stage, specific load calculation equations were developed to quantify the load behavior. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: During the pre-withdrawal stage, grease pressure predominates, displaying a longitudinal gradient, with peak loads reaching 450 kPa, which was the highest observed during construction. The post-withdrawal fluctuation stage is further subdivided into three sub-stages: insufficient grout filling, complete grout filling, and grout pressure dissipation. In this stage, the loads maintain a “pear-shaped” distribution, with average prediction errors of 9.36 %, 10.31 %, and 3.78 %, respectively. In the stabilization stage, loads reduce to approximately 400 kPa, with Terzaghi’s theory yielding accurate estimates (average relative error of 11.34 %), although tidal fluctuations introduce periodic load variations. These findings enhance the reliability of segmental lining design and provide a standardized framework for load calculations in shield tunnel engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 106986"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Principle analysis and device development of a novel technology for adjusting the constant resistance of cable bolt","authors":"Housheng Jia ,&nbsp;Zhiming Zhang ,&nbsp;Guoying Wang ,&nbsp;Wenyuan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A constant-resistance cable bolt technology using a conical lock to overcome composite resistance via expanding pipe’s “expansion-scuffing” stabilizes support resistance during major roadway deformations, addressing anchorage failures from insufficient elongation. The theoretical analysis, laboratory tests, and field testing, were employed to systematically evaluate the principle and the mechanical properties of the constant resistance technology. It is found that this technology has the characteristics of large constant resistance stroke, high stability and adjustable resistance, specifically as follows: (1) Laboratory tests reveal that the constant resistance phase of the constant resistance component accounts for 85 % to 90 % of the entire test duration, with the characteristics of large constant resistance stroke. (2) The lock cone angle determines the working stability of constant resistance component. A lock cone angle below 25° ensures uniform deformation of the diameter-expanding pipe and stable resistance, indicating the device has the characteristics of high stability. (3) Adjusting the diameter-expanding increment modulates the component’s resistance to obtain the desired constant resistance. Specifically, with a φ17.8 mm cable bolt, a 15° lock cone angle, and a 5 mm diameter-expanding increment yield an average constant resistance of approximately 265.92 kN. With a φ21.8 mm cable bolt, Under the condition of keeping the angle of the conical lock unchanged, the constant resistance component can generate a constant resistance of 424.15–467.89kN by only increasing the diameter-expanding increment to 8–9 mm, which can meet the constant support resistance required. Subsequently, an adjustable “expansion-scuffing” cable bolt constant resistance device (Aes-CRD) compatible with φ17.8 mm cable bolts was designed and fabricated, followed by implementation in the Sima mine 1302 large deformation roadway. The technology and device for adjusting the constant resistance of cable bolt demonstrated effective performance, providing an average constant support force of 277.69 kN and significantly enhancing the controlling quality of roadway surrounding rock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 106970"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical behavior of the rigid pipeline strengthened by CIPP under the action of soil pressure: Analytical solution and numerical simulation","authors":"Kejie Zhai ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Fang ,&nbsp;Danyang Di ,&nbsp;Bin Li ,&nbsp;Jianwei Lei ,&nbsp;Manjun Li ,&nbsp;Jianmin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) technology for the restoration of drainage pipelines is extensively employed on a global scale. When subjected to traffic loads, localized surface pressures are transmitted through the soil to the top of the pipe, potentially resulting in pipeline deterioration. Investigating the mechanical response of concrete pipes rehabilitated by CIPP liners under soil pressure holds considerable significance. In this study, the reinforced pipe is considered as a composite structure, analogous to a circular arc member structure. Employing structural mechanics principles, the distribution of axial force, bending moment, and shear force within the structure under external loads is examined, alongside an exploration of the influence of various parameters on internal force distribution and pipe strain. Subsequently, the finite element method is utilized to scrutinize the impacts of parameters such as host pipe thickness, liner thickness, diameter, and friction coefficient between the liner and host pipe on the load–displacement relationship of composite structures, as well as their effects on the liner stress-displacement relationship. The findings indicate that the friction coefficient between the liner and host pipe scarcely influences the load–displacement curve of the composite structure. However, the existence of adhesive force between the liner and host pipe substantially enhances the external load-bearing capacity of the reinforced pipeline. The presence of the liner pipe not only enhances the external load-bearing capacity of the composite structure but also significantly augments the ductility of the reinforced pipeline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 106938"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulations and theoretical analysis of ambient wind impact on shaft smoke exhaust performance in tunnel fires","authors":"Peng Wu ,&nbsp;Junwei Chi ,&nbsp;Ru Zhou ,&nbsp;Min Hao ,&nbsp;Juncheng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smoke from tunnel fires can present significant safety risks. While natural ventilation shafts have been widely adopted, the influence of environmental wind, particularly under extreme weather conditions, remains insufficiently explored. This study investigates the shaft smoke exhaust performance under varying ambient wind speeds using numerical simulations and theoretical analysis. The results reveal three distinct smoke exhaust stages influenced by wind: plug-holing, stable smoke layer, and downdraught. It is observed that while low wind speeds have minimal impact, increasing wind speeds cause the mass flow rate to decrease initially before stabilizing. A new theoretical model is developed to predict the volume and mass flow rates of shafts, demonstrating strong agreement with simulation results. These findings provide critical insights into optimizing shaft-based natural ventilation systems under diverse wind conditions, with significant implications for enhancing tunnel fire safety strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 106975"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-inspired dynamic boosting framework for capturing water and mud inrush evolution in tunnel fault fracture zones","authors":"Guorong Han ,&nbsp;Jinchang Sheng ,&nbsp;Ruiqing Han ,&nbsp;Huimin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydraulic tunnel construction increasingly focuses on complex geological areas, especially fault fracture zones, where water and mud inrush during excavation pose significant safety risks. Although various methods have been employed to study inrush in these zones, they still fail to dynamically and efficiently capture the evolution process and lack integration of physical constraints within data-driven algorithms. Therefore, this study proposes a physics-inspired dynamic boosting framework to accurately and efficiently capture the evolution of water and mud inrush in tunnel fault fracture zones. First, a comprehensive dataset obtained from laboratory experiments on water and mud inrush was used by the dynamic boosting learning model, combining the Liquid Neural Network (LNN) with Categorical Boosting (CatBoost). Subsequently, Physical Constraints (PCs), including governing equations and physical relationships, were incorporated into the baseline LNN-CatBoost model to improve accuracy and theoretical robustness. The results demonstrate that the baseline model outperforms sixteen classic and twelve augmented algorithms. By optimizing the balance between LNN-CatBoost model and physical constraints, the proposed model bridges the gap between data-driven and physics-based approaches. This provides a theoretically rigorous and computationally efficient solution for capturing the evolution of water and mud inrush in tunnel fault fracture zones. This study offers a safe and reliable modelling tool for underground engineering projects such as water conservancy and hydropower projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 106973"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term settlement prediction of shield tunnel interval considering spatial information","authors":"Dong-Mei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhao-Geng Chen ,&nbsp;Yi-Ming Shen ,&nbsp;Zhong-Kai Huang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Chuang Xie ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yang Guo ,&nbsp;Deng-Fei Yan ,&nbsp;Yong-Bo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Longitudinal long-term settlement is a vital index to ensure the safety of shield tunnels in operation and determine the optimal maintenance timing. In this paper, a Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks (STGCN)-based method considering spatial information was proposed to achieve the temporal and spatial longitudinal long-term settlement prediction of shield tunnel interval in operation. The method consisted of three modules, namely data preprocessing and generation, model establishment, and optimal model selection and comparison. The method was applied to an interval among Shanghai Metro Line 10 to validate the engineering practice value. Critical parameter tuning indicated that when the time interval for prediction (the time point of settlement in the future) was set to 1, corresponding to half a month, the STGCN model with spatial information performed the best when historical time step equaled 10. Meanwhile, from the perspective of the performance of the interval at a certain time point and the performance of a monitoring point along the time dimension, in-depth analysis was conducted on models generated with and without spatial information, demonstrating the positive effects of spatial information on longitudinal long-term settlement prediction. Subsequently, the multi-step prediction performance of the model was explored. The comparative results indicated that the longitudinal long-term settlement prediction error increased with the increasing time interval for prediction. When the time interval for prediction is less than 3, the model’s settlement prediction ability is reliable. Robustness analysis demonstrated that STGCN was strongly robust, and spatial information played an active role in promoting it. Furthermore, the method had been applied to different scenarios and the consistent excellent prediction performance confirmed the reliable stability of the model. Finally, the limitations and future research directions of STGCN were discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 106978"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}