Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology最新文献

{"title":"An innovative absorption refrigeration system for cooling high geothermal tunnels: Theoretical analysis and On-site testing","authors":"Liufeng Su,&nbsp;Qixiang Yan,&nbsp;Wencheng He,&nbsp;Junnan Ren,&nbsp;Xiaolong Liao,&nbsp;Chuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the thermal hazards and high temperatures encountered during the construction of high geothermal tunnels is crucial for ensuring worker safety, improving productivity, and enhancing structural integrity. To this end, this paper innovatively proposes a new method for resourcefully utilizing thermal damage and cooling high geothermal tunnels—using high-temperature tunnel water to drive an absorption refrigeration cycle that serves to cool the tunnel itself. Taking a high geothermal tunnel currently under construction in China as the background, thermodynamic models for the components of the absorption refrigeration cycle were established based on the principles of energy conservation and mass conservation through numerical simulation. Combining this with monitoring data from the tunnel, the feasibility of applying the absorption refrigeration system (ARS) to the tunnel was analyzed. Based on the analysis results, a small absorption refrigeration unit was customized for cooling tests in the tunnel’s rest room. The test results showed that, when the ambient temperature inside the tunnel was 37°C, the ARS was able to lower the rest room temperature to 25°C, meeting the relevant standards and ensuring safe and efficient construction in the high geothermal tunnel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 106627"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning-based point cloud semantic segmentation for tunnel face excavation areas in drilling and blasting tunnels","authors":"Xin Peng,&nbsp;Mingnian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tunnel face excavation area in drilling and blasting tunnels contains rich construction and geological information, with each part requiring unique measurement indicators and analysis. Precise segmentation of these components is urgently needed to enable automated measurement. This paper proposes a deep learning-based point cloud semantic segmentation method to automatically and accurately segment different parts of the tunnel face excavation area during the construction phase of drilling and blasting tunnels. First, point cloud data of the excavation area were collected and labeled the tunnel face, excavation profile, ground surface, and initial support section. A sample dataset was then created by calculating normal vectors, applying the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE), and using data augmentation techniques. A point cloud semantic segmentation network was subsequently constructed and trained, and its performance was subsequently evaluated using metrics such as training accuracy, testing accuracy, mean intersection over union (mIoU), and confusion matrices. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves high-precision semantic segmentation in the complex, irregular tunnel face area of drilling and blasting tunnels, with a maximum training accuracy of 0.9854, a validation accuracy of 0.9536, a testing accuracy of 0.9551, and all mIoU values above 0.91. The discussion examines the impact of normal vector features and data augmentation on model performance and demonstrates that data augmentation enhances training effectiveness and generalizability. These findings suggest that the proposed method has substantial potential for automated measurement in drilling and blasting tunnel construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 106605"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel flexible joint mechanical model and application in semi-analytical solution for longitudinal response of tunnel subjected to fault movement","authors":"Mingyu Chang ,&nbsp;Yusheng Shen ,&nbsp;Xi Zhang ,&nbsp;Deng Gao ,&nbsp;Xinyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Lei-bin Zuo","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flexible joints and segmental lining serve as effective seismic measures for tunnel in high-intensity seismic area. However, the tunnel axial deformation at flexible joints has not been fully incorporated into analytical models. This study presents a novel mechanical model for flexible joints that considers tension (compression)-shear- rotation deformations, replacing the traditional shear-rotation springs model. An improved semi-analytical solution has been developed for the longitudinal response of a tunnel featuring a three-way flexible joint mechanical model subjected to fault movement. The nonlinear elastic–plastic foundation spring, the soil-lining tangential interaction, and the axial force of tunnel lining have been considered to improve the applicability and precision of proposed method. The proposed solution is compared with existing models, such as short beams connected by shear and rotation springs, by examining the predictions against numerical simulations. The results indicate that the predictions of the proposed model align much more closely with the outcomes of the numerical simulations than those of the existing models. For the working conditions selected in <span><span>section 4</span></span>, neglecting the tension–compression deformation at flexible joints an 81.8% error in the peak axial force of the tunnel and a 20.2% error in the peak bending moment. The reason is that ignoring the axial deformation of these joints results in a larger calculated axial force on the lining, which subsequently leads to increased bending moment and shear force. Finally, a parameter sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the effect of various factors, including flexible joint stiffness, segmental lining length, and the length of the tunnel fortification zone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 106590"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Settlement-based triple factor framework for long-term safety assessment of immersed tunnel","authors":"Shu-Yu He ,&nbsp;Cong Tang ,&nbsp;Mi Pan ,&nbsp;Wan-Huan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cracks and leaking water pose significant challenges during the maintenance of immersed tunnels. Current research on immersed tunnels predominantly focuses on settlement monitoring or prediction, leaving a notable gap in assessing tunnel safety performance due to the lack of an appropriate assessment framework. This paper proposes a novel settlement-based triple factor framework for the long-term safety assessment of immersed tunnels, consisting of total settlement, angular distortion, and joint differential settlement. Threshold limit value (TLV) for these factors are defined based on a comprehensive analysis of settlement data from 18 immersed tunnels. Additionally, this framework incorporates a dynamic updating strategy to refine the settlement prediction model, thereby providing a more accurate database for TLV updates by integrating observational information. This strategy enables a more accurate assessment of specific tunnels. The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge tunnel is used as a case study to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. The results highlight the importance of considering three key factors and implementing a dynamic updating strategy for TLV in safety assessments. This framework can offer valuable guidance for the long-term maintenance of immersed tunnels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 106597"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new method for multi-dimensional impact risk quantization and pressure-relief evaluation of deep rockburst mines based on FCM-EWM","authors":"Bingbing Yu ,&nbsp;Renshu Yang ,&nbsp;Jinjing Zuo ,&nbsp;Yanbing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The implementation of roof pressure-relief systems has been imperative for ensuring the safety of mining operations in deep rockburst mines. However, the integration of impact risk analysis and pressure-relief effect evaluation of overlying strata remains a significant challenge. Drawing upon the research background of large energy events and strong impact threat in the Xinjulong coal mine, this study proposes a novel methodology for quantifying impact risk and evaluating pressure-relief effects. The proposed approach integrates the empowerment and vulnerability index method, offering a novel and comprehensive approach to risk assessment. The specific conclusions of the study are as follows: The blasting pressure relief work has a “buffer energy release effect” on the impact load generated by the migration of thick-hard roof. The upper pressure is transferred to the goaf, and the energy field of the working face and the roof remains stable. The outcomes of the ISM model are consistent with the internal fracture mechanism of the roof rock mass, which encompasses generation, transmission and transformation of energy throughout the entire monitoring process of “energy−stress−displacement−working resistance−drilling cuttings”. The weight of microseismic monitoring (energy, frequency and spatial aggregation characteristics) accounts for 52.2%, and the source of impact risk remains the primary focus of evaluation. The vulnerability index method predicts two potential places with strong bursting liability in stage Ⅱ, carries out enhanced-hole blasting and coal seam drilling operations, which effectively prevents further expansion of damage area and damage range. This method represents a novel approach to the application of multi-dimensional data fusion in pressure-relief engineering, and offers significant guidance for the analysis of rockburst disasters and pressure-relief evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106609"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time assessment study of individual thermal stress in high-temperature tunnel based on integrated weight-TOPSIS model","authors":"Chaojun Jia,&nbsp;Yanghao Xie,&nbsp;Chenghua Shi,&nbsp;Mingfeng Lei,&nbsp;Yanni Zheng,&nbsp;Liang Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In high-temperature semi-enclosed tunnel work environments, labor can have adverse effects on worker health. Therefore, conducting real-time and effective assessment and early warning of individual heat stress in high-temperature environments is crucial for occupational health protection. Real-time tests of environmental and physiological parameters were carried out during the construction processes of both high-temperature and normal-temperature tunnels. Based on on-site measurement data, an integrated weight-TOPSIS model was established to assess individual heat stress in high-temperature tunnel environments. The model selected five environmental parameters (air temperature, black globe temperature, natural wet bulb temperature, relative humidity, wind speed) and two physiological parameters (skin temperature and heart rate) as evaluation indicators. An index named the TSI_cw was proposed to assess heat stress in real-time. Results indicated that heat stress is significantly influenced by air temperature, relative humidity, and dry bulb temperature. The evaluation results of TSI_cw showed good consistency with indicators like WBGT, validating its effectiveness in analyzing environmental and physiological parameter data during tunnel construction. TSI_cw was categorized into thermal stress risk levels: low risk range of 0.83–1, moderate risk range of 0.58–0.83, and high risk range of 0–0.58. Utilizing TSI_cw allows for real-time assessment of individual heat stress levels in high-temperature tunnel environments, providing valuable reference for protecting the health of workers in such conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 106614"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shallow circular tunnels subjected to Love waves under drained loading conditions","authors":"Md Asad Ahmad,&nbsp;Antonio Bobet","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shallow tunnels are often subjected to seismic surface waves such as Love waves, which may be observed in softer soil layers overlying a stiffer/rock layer. These waves propagate horizontally with the particle motion in the plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation. A novel analytical solution for a shallow circular unsupported opening subjected to Love waves is proposed. The solution is achieved assuming that the ground is homogenous, isotropic, and elastic, the Love wave propagates along the direction of the tunnel axis and that no excess pore pressures are induced. That is, drained loading conditions apply. Complex variable theory and conformal mapping are employed to derive the solution, resulting in a system of linear equations to find the coefficients of the complex analytic functions. Verification of the solution is done by comparing its predictions with results from the Finite Element Method (FEM) software, Plaxis 3D. A parametric analysis with a select number of numerical experiments is completed to investigate the effects of opening size, depth and support on the performance of the tunnels. The results show that as the opening size is increased, the forces increase on the liner. Similarly, the increase in depth also significantly increases the forces on the liner and that leads to a decrease of the stress in the soil. A special analysis has been done to determine whether the relative stiffness between the support and the ground determines the response of the structure, as has been the case in many other problems. The results show that the relative stiffness is not a key parameter to estimate the response of shallow tunnels to Love waves. The research shows that shallow underground utilities and structures may be sensitive to Love waves, given the magnitude of displacements and stresses that they may induce to the structure, and thus utilities and other shallow structures should be designed to withstand the demand imposed by these waves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106604"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence prediction of surface settlement induced by twin shields tunnelling","authors":"Gan Wang ,&nbsp;Qian Fang ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Qiming Li ,&nbsp;Haoran Song ,&nbsp;Jinkun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accurate prediction of the surface settlement trough is essential for the safety assessment of tunnel construction in densely occupied urban areas. In this study, we propose an artificial intelligence model to predict surface settlement troughs induced by twin tunnelling. The proposed model includes a newly proposed formula for describing settlement trough and a new calculation method of loss. The model uses a Graphical Convolutional Neural network (GCN) to extract latent feature information from field monitoring data that shows the state of the surrounding ground before the second shield passage. The proposed model is verified by comparing its results to those of two other models. The analysis shows that the developed calculation method of loss and consideration of the state of surrounding ground significantly improve the prediction accuracy of surface settlement troughs. While adding more monitoring points can offer benefits, the performance gains become weaker as the number of monitoring points increases. Therefore, we recommend using 24 monitoring points for the proposed model as it strikes the optimal balance between performance and computational efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106606"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon-friendly design method of tunnel lining segments based on Pareto optimal analysis","authors":"Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Hehua Zhu ,&nbsp;Yi Shen ,&nbsp;Liankun Xu ,&nbsp;Yi Rui","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the acceleration of urbanization and the increasing awareness of environmental protection, it has become an urgent issue to reduce carbon emissions and costs in engineering design. To offer an effective and quantitative approach, we propose a carbon-friendly design method for tunnel lining segments based on Pareto optimal analysis, aiming to obtain the optimal design scheme for tunnel lining segments by comprehensively considering both carbon emissions and costs. Firstly, this paper establishes a carbon emission and cost calculation model for tunnel lining segments from material production to on-site construction. Based on this, we explore whether economic benefits can be sacrificed to reduce carbon emissions. As far as the practical engineering data is concerned, detailed parameter analysis is conducted. The relationships between segments carbon emissions and costs versus key influencing factors such as the burial depth, the material type, and the traffic capacity, are investigated. This method precedes the time-consuming and error-prone process of manual trial and error calculations in previous design optimization through automatic iteration, and facilitates the development of the green and sustainable infrastructures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106602"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanics of longitudinal joints in segmental tunnel linings: Role of connecting bolts","authors":"Zhen Liu ,&nbsp;Ba Trung Cao ,&nbsp;Chen Xu ,&nbsp;Xian Liu ,&nbsp;Yong Yuan ,&nbsp;Günther Meschke","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to accurately evaluate the moment-rotation relationship for longitudinal joints and to thoroughly elucidate the role of connecting bolts on the mechanism of longitudinal joints subjected to compression-bending scenarios, a nonlinear semi-analytical joint model is developed. This model incorporates the nonlinear behavior of the concrete within the joint influence zone, as well as the contribution of connecting bolts, gaskets, and the contact deformation. The proposed semi-analytical model can simultaneously predict the distribution of the contact pressure, and the stress and deformation field in the vicinity of the joint as well as moment-rotation relationships for both bolted and boltless joints. According to the reference joint test and the proposed semi-analytical model, it is concluded that, under positive bending moment conditions, the load-bearing process of bolted joints can generally be divided into six stages separated by five characteristic points. A comparison of the response of bolted joints versus boltless joints reveals that connecting bolts can effectively delay the expansion of the detached surface, leading to a smoother distribution of the contact pressure, and lower peak contact pressure. The introduction of connecting bolts substantially contributes to maintaining the joint bending stiffness and enhancing the joint bearing capacity, providing bolted joints with greater resilience under environmental disturbances. The influence of the water-proofing gasket on joint behavior is also discussed. Furthermore, parametric analyses are conducted to explore the influence of bolt prestressing, bolt position, and bolt dimension on the mechanical behavior of bolted joints. Based on these findings, a joint design model, based on analytical expressions, is proposed to predict the <em>M-θ</em> relationships for both boltless and bolted joints considering multiple parameters, including axial force levels, bolt contribution, joint configuration, and contact deformation. The joint design model exhibits a high prediction accuracy compared with the semi-analytical joint model, while requiring only simple calculations by analytical equations. To facilitate real-world applications, a design tool based on the proposed joint design model has been developed, which enables efficient and reliable prediction of mechanical behavior of longitudinal joints in segmental tunnel linings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106601"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}