Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology最新文献

{"title":"Stress redistribution and deformation mechanisms in piled embankments subjected to excavation in clay","authors":"Mukhtiar Ali Soomro ,&nbsp;Tao Xu ,&nbsp;Zhen-Dong Cui ,&nbsp;Sharafat Ali Darban ,&nbsp;Naeem Mangi ,&nbsp;Chenyang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research explores how excavation impacts piled embankments in clayey ground through comprehensive numerical simulations. The study specifically evaluates the role of excavation depth and the relative embedment of diaphragm walls in shaping the response of the system. Three configurations were assessed based on their position in relation to the piles: near the upper part of the piles, close to the base, and entirely below the pile base. Additional simulations were carried out for a geogrid-reinforced piled embankment in the deepest excavation scenario and for an embankment supported by end-bearing piles in the intermediate depth case. The hypoplastic constitutive model for clay was employed to account for nonlinearity in soil behaviour influenced by stress variation, dilation, and stiffness reduction. The hypoplastic clay model parameters were calibrated using laboratory test data, and validated through back-analysis of a centrifuge test reported in earlier research. The results reveal that deeper excavations produce greater settlement, particularly affecting piles situated close to the excavation zone. Settlements ranged from 10 to 28 mm, with lateral deflections of the piles increasing substantially as excavation progressed. Stress redistribution within the embankment altered the load transfer mechanisms, reducing the effectiveness of soil arching and increasing load concentration on the piles. The highest load intensities were observed adjacent to the excavation face. The geogrid-reinforced system displayed better performance by limiting ground deformation and improving load distribution, while end-bearing piles demonstrated superior resistance to excavation-induced settlement and movement compared to floating piles. This study emphasizes the need for careful design and monitoring when excavations are conducted near piled embankments, particularly in soft soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107099"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing zonal characteristics of car-following behavior in long mountainous freeway tunnel with crest vertical curve based on a novel seven-zone analytic method and driving simulation","authors":"Yixi Hu ,&nbsp;Yonghong Yang ,&nbsp;Chuangbo Xu ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Feilong Ma ,&nbsp;Xicheng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traffic safety issues in freeway tunnels are prominent, with rear-end collisions frequently occur. However, car-following behavior characteristics in long freeway tunnels with crest vertical curves remain unclear. To provide design references for newly constructed long freeway tunnels and establish traffic safety management guidelines for existing ones, this study designed a freeway model involving 10 tunnels with varied vertical alignment configurations. A driving simulation test was conducted with 35 participants to investigate the zonal characteristics of car-following behaviors in long freeway tunnels and their relationship with vertical alignment design. Time headway and safety margin were selected as key indicators. The Kruskal-Wallis test and mixed linear regression were employed to analyze the impacts of grade, grade change, and zonal characteristics on these indicators. The results indicated that time-headway initially increased and then decreased along the tunnel, while safety margin exhibited a continuous downward trend. Both time headway and safety margin were significantly influenced by grade, grade change, and zonal characteristics. The probability of maintaining safe safety margin decreased progressively as vehicles traveled deeper into the tunnel. The lowest probabilities were observed in Zone 7 under the conditions of the entrance grade as −1.5%, the exit grade as −3%, and grade change as 6%, whose probabilities were 0.628, 0.603, and 0.497, respectively. Based on the analysis results, this paper proposed that ensuring a gentle uphill entrance, maximizing exit gradients, and controlling grade changes below 3% could reduce rear-end collision risks caused by inappropriate car-following behaviors. Additionally, traffic management agencies should implement distance-control and speed control reminders in the latter sections of such tunnels to alert drivers control adequate speed and car-following distance. The outcome of this paper provides scientific basis for both freeway tunnel design and management authorities, and help mitigate driving risks in long freeway tunnel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107095"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term waterproof performance of EPDM sealing gaskets considering aging-induced stress relaxation","authors":"Hua-Yong Li ,&nbsp;Huai-Na Wu ,&nbsp;Hong Cao ,&nbsp;Ren-Peng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The safety and reliability of the shield tunnel depend on the long-term waterproof performance of the gasketed joint, which is closely related to the aging behavior of the compressed gasket. In this study, the time-varying behavior and mechanism of the rubber properties of the gasket were comparatively analyzed through the aging tests conducted under different compression stresses. Based on the stress relaxation coefficient, a time-varying model for the aging performance of the gasket considering the joint opening was derived. Subsequently, a sensitivity analysis of the aging performance of the compressed gasket was conducted to identify key drivers. Finally, a nonlinear formula between the waterproof performance and contact stress was proposed by the waterproof test. The long-term waterproof performance of the compressed EPDM gasket was predicted based on established theories. The results show that the residual waterproof property of the gasket is closely related to pre-compression stress. The close holes of the semicircular or circular can avoid stress concentration in holes, reducing stress relaxation of the aged gasket. The joint opening has the greatest influence on the contact stress of the compressed gasket, followed by the aging temperature, and lastly the aging time. The loss of the waterproof performance of the compressed gasket is extremely significant during the first 50 years of service, and then gradually slows down as service time increases. When the joint opening is less than 8 mm, the waterproof performance of the compressed gasket decreases by over 50 % after 50 years, and by more than 60 % after 100 years of service.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107117"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of salinity on the gelation and microstructure of cement–sodium silicate grout","authors":"Min Sub Lim ,&nbsp;Keun Bae Ryu ,&nbsp;Jae Ho Jung ,&nbsp;Sang Hyeok Bang ,&nbsp;Melvin B. Diaz ,&nbsp;Kwang Yeom Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of salinity on the gelation behavior and microstructural characteristics of cement–sodium silicate (CS) grout, aiming to optimize its performance for ground reinforcement in saline environments. A robust multi-scale experimental program was conducted, combining microstructural analysis with laboratory and pilot field tests. Laboratory tests examined the effects of varying water-to-cement (W/C) weight ratios, cement-to-sodium silicate (C/S) volume ratios, and salinity conditions (0.01%, 1.38%, and 2.87%), along with Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) measurements. Microstructural evaluation included density, heterogeneity, particle size distribution using X-ray computed tomography (CT) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), with heterogeneity quantified through Madogram analysis. Pilot-scale tests were conducted under 0% and 3% salinity conditions. Results showed that higher salinity accelerated gelation, reducing fluidity and complicating grout injection. CT and FE-SEM analysis revealed increased density, larger pores and more pronounced calcium hydroxide formations under saline conditions. Madogram and particle size data indicated greater heterogeneity and larger voids, suggesting reduced mechanical strength and durability. Pilot tests confirmed these findings, highlighting practical challenges in saline environments. Overall, the study emphasizes the need for tailored grout formulations and adaptive injection strategies. It offers a valuable framework for understanding CS grout behavior under varying salinity, supporting improved design in civil engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107105"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on adhesion reduction at the clay-metal interface through chemical conditioners and electro-osmosis synergetic conditioning in EPB shield tunneling","authors":"Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Chao Yuan ,&nbsp;Shuchen Li ,&nbsp;Peiquan Ding ,&nbsp;Yi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When Earth Pressure Balance shield tunneling passes through cohesive strata, excavation efficiency is often significantly reduced due to issues such as cutter head adhesion, mud cake formation and chamber clogging. Traditional mechanical methods have proven ineffective in mitigating cutterhead adhesion. This study proposes a synergistic adhesion-reduction method combining anti-clay agents and electro-osmosis. The adhesion reduction and desorption mechanisms were systematically investigated through tilted plate test, Atterberg limits measurements, zeta potential test and microstructural analysis. The efficacy and intrinsic mechanisms of adhesion reduction and desorption under single chemical conditioning, single electro-osmosis and their synergistic conditioning were evaluated across varying bentonite contents, water contents, and voltage levels. The results showed that when using single anti-clay agent conditioning, although soil aggregation can be effectively reduced, adhesion at the clay-metal interface cannot be adequately addressed. With single electro-osmosis conditioning, when the threshold conditions of water content &gt; 35 % and voltage &gt; 5 V are met, effective adhesion reduction and desorption at the interface can be achieved. Moreover, higher bentonite content leads to longer mud cake slip-off time. Under chemical-electric synergetic conditioning, the water content threshold decreases to 30 % and the voltage threshold to 3 V, with slip-off time shortened to one-fifth of that under single electro-osmosis, greatly improving efficiency. For soil samples with varying bentonite contents, the patterns of single electro-osmosis and chemical-electric synergetic conditioning are generally consistent: mud cake slip-off time significantly decreases with increasing voltage and water content, exhibiting a distinct three-stage variation. Compared to single anti-clay agent or electro-osmosis conditioning, chemical-electric synergetic conditioning achieves superior adhesion reduction. These findings provide novel insights for resolving adhesion and clogging issues in cohesive strata.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107119"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel method for determining the timing of support for roadway surrounding rock: the stress mutation method","authors":"Zhixing Liang ,&nbsp;Qingfa Chen ,&nbsp;Haichuan Lu ,&nbsp;Peng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The selection of the timing for roadway surrounding rock support is fundamental to ensuring the effectiveness of support. Previous studies on support timing primarily utilized the convergence-confinement method. However, the support timing determined by this method corresponds to a period where surrounding rock displacement is within a rapidly increasing stage of instability, making it difficult to guarantee the safety of support operations. Based on the continuous cusp mutation theory, this paper proposes a novel method for determining the optimal support timing for roadway surrounding rock-the stress mutation method. Firstly, using the stress from the monitoring cross-section during roadway excavation as the state variable, a continuous cusp mutation analysis model is established. Then, this model is employed to identify the location of stress mutation, pinpointing the critical instability point of the surrounding rock as the optimal support timing. Finally, the safety factors of the surrounding rock and the support structure are solved to evaluate the engineering stability achieved when supporting according to the new method. The rationality of the support timing determined by the new method is validated through an engineering case study. The results demonstrate that, compared to the convergence-confinement method, the support timing determined by the stress mutation method resulted in a displacement increment of the surrounding rock that was only 33.7% of that observed with the convergence-confinement method, while maintaining comparable levels of safety in both surrounding rock stability and support structure performance. Moreover, the collapse probability was reduced by 67%. The stress mutation method effectively circumvents the safety hazards associated with rapidly increasing surrounding rock displacement, ensuring support effectiveness. This demonstrates its stronger scientific validity and rationality. The findings provide a novel perspective for selecting support timing in roadway surrounding rock engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107097"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunnels crossing active faults: A review of case histories and modeling methods","authors":"Chaofan Yao ,&nbsp;Jingnan Duan ,&nbsp;Yulin Liu ,&nbsp;Chuan He ,&nbsp;Yuquan Liu ,&nbsp;Wenbo Yang ,&nbsp;Qixiang Yan ,&nbsp;Wang Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Faulting is one of the major concerns for tunnels located within the fault zone. Instances of tunnel damage caused by faulting provide insights into tunnel designs and subsequent studies. This study presents a view of case histories of damaged tunnels by faulting during the last 120 years (1906–2025). Reliable data are compiled, such as fault information, tunnel information, geology along the tunnel, relative positions between faults and tunnels, specifics of tunnel damage, etc. Besides, this study performs a review of physical and numerical modeling methods as well. In addition, novel numerical models are put forward in this study for tunnels subjected to creeping and stick–slip faulting, respectively. Two key issues are addressed in the novel models: different modeling methods for the creeping fault and the stick–slip fault; the determination method for the width of the fault core or the width of the damage zone. The novel models not only consider the internal structure of the fault, but also reflect the different deformation features of the creeping fault and the stick–slip fault.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107086"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water inrush risk assessment during karst tunnel construction based on knowledge decision and data-driven methods","authors":"Xuewei Li ,&nbsp;Shuchen Li ,&nbsp;Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Qu ,&nbsp;Jinlong Zhao ,&nbsp;Shisen Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Karst tunnels are frequently subject to the combined effects of complex geological conditions, groundwater hydrological characteristics, and construction disturbances, leading to an increased risk of water inrush. To enhance the real-time performance and interpretability of water inrush risk assessment, this study proposes a method based on the integration of knowledge decision and data-driven models. First, a set of water inrush risk evaluation indicators and their benchmark set were established. Then, the analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method were used to determine the subjective and objective weights, which were fused using game theory to improve the accuracy of the knowledge decision-making model based on the vlsekriterijumska optimizacija i kompromisno resenje (VIKOR) method. Thereafter, the VIKOR results were used as the base data to construct the training sample library for the data-driven model. The differential evolution–gray wolf optimization algorithm was employed to optimize the model hyperparameters, and ultimately, an extreme learning machine water inrush risk assessment model that combined knowledge decision and data-driven approaches was established. By comparing the risk assessment results of both models in typical monitoring sections, the proposed method was verified to effectively and accurately perform water inrush risk assessment with strong real-time performance and interpretability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107120"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-carbon effects of constructing a metro station with new pipe curtain method: A case study","authors":"Chao Kong ,&nbsp;Baixin An ,&nbsp;Shengtao Wang ,&nbsp;Junru Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Wang ,&nbsp;Jimeng Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By optimizing the connection method between adjacent steel pipes in the pipe curtain, conduct load-bearing capacity tests, while the construction sequence and support parameters were improved, the extended flange concrete-filled steel pipe curtain structure was formed. The carbon emissions of both the extended flange concrete-filled steel pipe curtain method and the pile beam arch method were calculated separately. Based on a bidirectional verification mechanism of top-down decomposition and bottom-up aggregation, the rationality of the system boundary was effectively validated, eliminating duplicate carbon emission calculations caused by fragmented construction processes. The research results indicate that: The welding of upper and lower flange plates + bolts connection method has the optimal bearing capacity, by integrating optimized measures such as the wing-reinforced concrete-steel pipe curtain structure, the pilot tunnel-rebar-steel pipe foot support system, and the steel pipe center column with top longitudinal reinforcement beams, the deformation control effectiveness of the extended flange concrete-filled steel pipe curtain method is further enhanced, while material consumption is reduced; The total carbon emissions of the extended flange concrete-filled steel pipe curtain method amounted to 4,305.55 tCO_2eq, representing a 10.55 % reduction compared to the pile beam arch method of this reduction, 76.12 % was contributed by the optimization of the support system. A carbon accounting system based on a bidirectional verification mechanism “unit project–subproject–unit process” was established, ensuring the accuracy of the settlement results. The optimized construction method proposed in this study better aligns with practical engineering requirements and national carbon emission reduction policies. A unique bidirectional carbon emission verification mechanism is employed to ensure the accuracy of calculated results, which may serve as a reference for related research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107114"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equations for vertical distribution of temperature and velocity in a horizontal tunnel with a vertically longer rectangular shape under natural ventilation","authors":"Yuki Yamauchi ,&nbsp;Sanetoshi Saito ,&nbsp;Yasushi Oka","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study conducted a series of fire tests in a small-scale tunnel with a vertically elongated rectangular cross-section measuring 0.4 m in width and 0.5 m in height. The temperature and flow velocity within a quasi-steady, fire-driven smoke layer running along the center of the ceiling were measured up to a distance of 35 times the tunnel height from the fire source. Based on the observed velocity and temperature rise distributions within the smoke layer perpendicular to the tunnel ceiling, correlations were proposed to predict maximum temperature rise, maximum velocity, and smoke layer thickness at various distances from the fire source. The vertical distributions of velocity and temperature rise in the smoke layer are characterized by peak values and layer thickness across different distances from the fire source, with the layer thickness exhibiting a gradual exponential increase as the smoke moves further from the source. The vertical distribution shapes of velocity and temperature rise remain consistent regardless of the distance from the fire source, even in areas far from the source where the smoke layer thickness cannot be considered constant. Simple empirical equations were developed to represent the distributions of velocity and temperature rise within the smoke layer, specifically in a direction perpendicular to the tunnel ceiling. While acknowledging the challenges of scaling experimental results to full-scale tunnels, the applicability of the temperature distribution correlation to other tunnel models with different dimensions with different vertically elongated rectangular cross-section aspect ratios was confirmed through comparison with both small-scale and full-scale experimental data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107091"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}