Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology最新文献

{"title":"An integrated analytical approach for predicting structural performance and cracking behavior in composite linings of deep hydraulic tunnels","authors":"Xueming Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiyun Deng ,&nbsp;Baoguo Liu ,&nbsp;Xiang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Safety and serviceability of deep hydraulic tunnels are threatened by lining cracks, while links between mechanical response and key metrics, such as capacity, cracking load, and crack width, are rarely established under staged construction and complex loading, limiting performance-based design and risk-informed decisions. Therefore, an integrated analytical model grounded in complex-variable theory is developed to evaluate the stress field, ultimate bearing capacity, cracking load, and crack width, with staged construction explicitly considered. The model is validated against 3D numerical simulations (WMAPE ≤ 5.82 %, <em>R</em>² &gt; 0.993) and physical model tests (WMAPE ≤ 18.95 %, <em>R</em>² &gt; 0.919). A threshold effect of secondary-lining installation timing is revealed, contributing 10–25 % to ultimate capacity and markedly influencing cracking behavior. Internal water pressure is identified as the dominant driver of cracking (contribution &gt;52 %), whereas ultimate capacity is governed primarily by the interaction between in situ stress and construction timing (contribution &gt;80 %). A response-surface-based design envelope has been developed to optimize lining thickness and support installation timing for crack control, offering a tool for selecting the optimal secondary lining thickness and support timing under specified burial depths and internal water pressures. By linking mechanical response analysis to performance criteria under realistic construction and loading sequences, a key methodological gap is closed and performance-based design and evaluation of deep hydraulic tunnels are enabled. The approach provides a transparent, computationally efficient alternative to computationally intensive simulations and offers quantitative guidance for crack-control design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 107429"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A “Proactive-Prevention and Post-Resistant” support method for alleviating rockburst in deep-buried large-section tunnels","authors":"Fengqiang Gong ,&nbsp;Zhixuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Jinhao Dai ,&nbsp;Pengyu Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rockburst persistently challenge the safe construction of large-section hard rock tunnels under high geostress environments. At present, the insufficient adaptability of conventional active support strategy which is “Excavate First and Then Support” (EFTS) has limitations in the prevention of the dynamic damage of rockburst. To address the limitations of rockburst prevention, this study proposes a “Proactive-Prevention and Post-Resistant” support (PPS) method for dynamic stability control, which consists of two consecutive steps. First, an initial tunnel with reduced diameter is excavated, followed by installation of pre-stressed rockbolt beyond the designed profile to establish an advanced pressure arch. Subsequently, the tunnel is expanded to the designed cross-section with supplementary reinforcement measures. This new strategy collaboratively combines the stress redistribution effect caused by the initial tunnel geometry, thereby alleviating the degradation of surrounding rock strength caused by excavation and improving the stability of the rock mass. In addition, this strategy takes advantage of the energy absorption capacity of pre-stressed anchor rods, effectively suppressing the risks associated with instantaneous energy release. A case study was conducted on the diversion tunnel No.3 of the Jinping II hydropower station. The evolution of advanced pressure arch boundaries under varying initial tunnel diameters was systematically investigated, as well as the effectiveness of the PPS method. Validation results demonstrate that compared to EFTS support strategy, the PPS method significantly reduces rockburst intensity from widespread moderate to severe rockburst to none or minor rockburst. Mechanistic analysis confirms that this strategy effectively minimizes tangential stress concentration by optimizing pressure arch geometry while enhancing energy dissipation efficiency. The PPSmethod provides a new perspective and methodology for rockburst mitigation in deep large-section hard rock tunnels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 107402"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting disc cutter forces for hard rock TBM cutterhead modeling: a comparative analysis of modified CSM semi-theoretical model and hybrid deep learning approach","authors":"Mohammad Matin Rouhani ,&nbsp;Jamal Rostami","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2026.107448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2026.107448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prediction of the cutting forces acting on disc cutters is essential for accurate modeling and performance assessment of hard rock tunnel boring machines (TBM). This study investigates two methodologies to enhance the quality of force prediction: the modification of the Colorado School of Mines (CSM) model and the application of advanced machine learning algorithms. The modified CSM model presents rock-type-specific formulas for sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks, utilizing dimensionless parameters including the Lame brittleness index, internal friction angle, and wave velocity ratio. Three state-of-the-art machine learning architectures, including SAINT (Self-Attention and Intersample Attention Transformer), TabNet, and TabM, are tested with hyperparameter optimization carried out using the Geometric Mean Optimization and Reptile Search Optimization algorithms. The modified CSM model shows statistically significant improvement compared to the original CSM model for all rock groups (p &lt; 0.001), with the most notable enhancement for igneous rocks. Among the machine learning models, GMO-SAINT achieved the highest accuracy for normal force prediction (R² = 0.98 for training and 0.96 for testing), while RSO-TabNet performs best for rolling force prediction (R² = 0.94 for testing). SHAP analysis shows that tip width and cutting depth are the two primary factors that affect normal and rolling forces, respectively, while UCS consistently emerges as a secondary factor with all models. Overall, this combined methodology offers a more reliable cutting force estimation for improving TBM performance prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 107448"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of disturbance frequency on rockburst in circular openings: insights from cyclic loading experiments","authors":"Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Murat Karakus ,&nbsp;Manchao He ,&nbsp;Dongqiao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2026.107497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2026.107497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rockbursts induced by cyclic loading are a major hazard in deep underground excavations. Among the influencing factors, the cyclic loading frequency (<em>f</em>_c), typically generated by blasting or mechanical excavation, plays a critical role in controlling the initiation and progression of rockbursts. In this study, true triaxial rockburst experiments were conducted on sandstone specimens containing a circular opening to investigate the frequency-dependent failure characteristics. Four values of <em>f_c</em> (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 Hz) were applied, and the failure processes were monitored using real-time video recording and acoustic emission (AE) techniques. The evolution of energy release, velocity fields, and AE spatial distribution was quantitatively analyzed. Post-failure fragments were further examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess internal damage. The results indicate that although the total input energy remained nearly constant, higher <em>f_c</em> significantly increased the energy release rate and fragment ejection velocity. SEM observations reveal that increasing <em>f_c</em> leads to a higher pore density and more pronounced pore connectivity. Image-based porosity analysis shows a clear increasing trend, reflecting progressive internal degradation. The development and accumulation of these pores accelerate strength deterioration, which promotes the earlier intersection of the Mohr stress circle with the weakened Mohr–Coulomb failure envelope, thereby advancing failure onset . The results demonstrate the critical role of disturbance frequency in rockburst triggering, enabling more effective control of excavation disturbances in underground construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 107497"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of HRR in tunnel fires under different tunnel inclinations and ambient pressure conditions based on recurrent neural networks","authors":"Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Tiannan Li ,&nbsp;Haoran Li ,&nbsp;Han Wu ,&nbsp;Lei Deng ,&nbsp;Congling Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the influence of tunnel slope on the longitudinal ceiling temperature distribution under low-pressure conditions, and to evaluate the effectiveness of neural network models in predicting fire heat release rates, tunnel models with varying ambient pressures and inclination angles were developed using the FDS. Using the temperature distribution dataset along the tunnel ceiling, three neural network models—RNN, LSTM, and GRU—were trained and evaluated. The results indicated that: (i) At a heat release rate of 5 MW, increasing pressure leads to greater variation and a general decrease in peak ceiling temperature. In contrast, at 10 MW and 15 MW, the variation in peak temperature is smaller, and overall temperature trends increase steadily. (ii) As the slope increases, the peak temperature position shifts progressively downstream, the peak value tends to decrease. (iii) Among the models, the RNN achieved the highest prediction accuracy, with a minimum relative error of 10 % under the current dataset scale. The LSTM and GRU models demonstrated comparable performance, each with a maximum relative error of 20 %. (iiii) Under the present simulation framework, deploying multiple measurement points starting at 25 m downstream yielded the best overall performance, whereas single-point setups exhibited relative errors of up to 15 %. These findings provide a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for tunnel design, fire behavior analysis, and the development of intelligent fire monitoring systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 107371"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A temperature-dependent nonlinear model for estimation of tunnel roof stability in unsaturated soils","authors":"Changbing Qin ,&nbsp;Yunquan Gan ,&nbsp;Peng Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tunnel roof stability is a hot topic in engineering practice and has been investigated through an analytical manner. Nonetheless, less attention has been paid to consider unsaturated soils under non-isothermal conditions. An upper bound analysis procedure with considerations of temperature and unsaturated soil properties is proposed for this specific purpose. The effect of temperature would directly affect the state of soil matric suction, and a temperature-dependent model for characterizing unsaturated soil shear strength is developed. Within the framework of plasticity theory, external work rates and energy dissipation rates are calculated after the establishment of a kinematically admissible failure mechanism. The upper-bound formulations of effective collapse mechanism and its failure dimension are derived by satisfying the equilibrium of external and internal rates of work, by virtue of variational principle. Specific solutions for rectangular and circular tunnels are sought, in terms of velocity detaching surface, factor of safety, collapsing height and width. After having validated the proposed procedure and solutions by numerical modelling and comparing with existing studies, the effects of those potential influential factors on tunnel roof stability are thoroughly investigated, which aids to provide useful reference for tunnel design in practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 107388"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145823185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical modelling of face stability and ground settlement in EPB shield tunnelling incorporating dynamic cutterhead–soil interaction","authors":"Xuejian Chen ,&nbsp;Lv Liu ,&nbsp;Shunping Ren ,&nbsp;Po Cheng ,&nbsp;Manman Liu ,&nbsp;Yong Liu ,&nbsp;Elton Jian Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tunnel face stability is a critical concern in Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) shield tunnelling, particularly due to the dynamic soil–cutterhead interaction that can induce face failure and ground collapse. Previous studies often overlooked the effect of dynamic excavation process and cutterhead configuration on face stability and ground settlement. This study therefore developed an 1 <em>g</em> model test system that realistically simulates the EPB excavation process, incorporating cutterhead rotation and chamber pressure regulation to investigate tunnel face stability and ground subsidence in sandy soils. The experiments show that the load factor (<em>N</em>_γ)​ at face failure increases from 0.114 to 0.172 as the cover-to-diameter ratio rises from 1 to 3, and from 0.129 to 0.172 as the cutterhead opening ratio increases from 15 % to 50 %. Additionally, small opening ratios (e.g., 15 %) is found to enhance face stability by providing stronger mechanical support, while larger ratios (e.g., 30 % and 50 %) amplify excavation-induced soil disturbance, diminishing face stability. This dual influence highlights the importance of incorporating dynamic excavation process and cutterhead opening ratio in face stability analysis. Moreover, settlement troughs become wider and deeper with higher opening ratios and shallower cover depths, indicating that within densely populated urban areas or beneath sensitive infrastructures, adopting a low opening ratio (e.g., 15 %) can effectively minimize ground disturbance and mitigate its associated risks to overlying structures, especially for shallowly buried tunnels. Finally, consistency between model predictions and field observations from Chengdu Metro Line 4 confirms the model’s predictive reliability and practical applicability in evaluating face stability. This study provides practical guidance for cutterhead design and support pressure determination in sandy ground tunnelling projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 107332"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145651898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation of shock wave propagation and thermal effects induced by thermobaric explosive detonation in corrugated steel-lined tunnels","authors":"Feixiang Chen ,&nbsp;Guokai Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuxin Wu ,&nbsp;Yong He ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Liwang Liu ,&nbsp;Xinli Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accelerating expansion of underground space utilization has exposed tunnel engineering to escalating hazards from the synergistic effects of shock wave and fireball thermal radiation caused by explosive incidents. The traditional monolithic lining system has been demonstrated to exhibit markedly insufficient energy dissipation capability and disaster mitigation effectiveness. This study establishes a finite volume model (FVM) incorporating afterburning effects to investigate shockwave propagation and fireball thermal effects in corrugated steel-lined tunnels. It is demonstrated that corrugated grooves disrupt shockwave reflection continuity, inducing intermittent reflections and wavefront fragmentation, accelerating energy dissipation and reducing peak overpressure by 27.3 % in tunnels with <em>λ</em> = 150 mm and <em>h</em> = 60 mm versus concrete linings. The attenuation efficiency of shock wave impulse in corrugated steel-lined tunnels decreases monotonically with increasing <em>λ</em>/<em>h</em> ratio. The lower the <em>λ</em>/<em>h</em> ratio, the larger the effective scattering area, causing wavefront fragmentation and multi-path interference, which in turn enhances energy dissipation through wavefront disruption. Additionally, the corrugated structure generates turbulent disturbances and periodic vortex damping effects. These effects causing the expansion of localized high-temperature zones, simultaneously lead to a substantial reduction in fireball volume due to intensified convective heat dissipation and path disruption. In the corrugated steel-lined tunnel with a corrugation wavelength of <em>λ</em> = 150 mm and wave height of <em>h</em> = 70 mm, the maximum propagation distances of fireballs are decreased by 13.1 %. By establishing shockwave prediction models with wall roughness correction, the parameter-dependent energy dissipation mechanisms are quantified, thus providing theoretical foundations and technical support for optimizing tunnel lining design and enhancing underground space protection capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 107309"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145651900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of early-age loading, formwork removal time, and curing method on the cracking behavior of hydraulic lining concrete structures: Experimental analysis and multi-scale coupling cracking analysis model","authors":"Pengfei Li ,&nbsp;Haoyu Wang ,&nbsp;Xuehui An ,&nbsp;Duoyin Wang ,&nbsp;Ping Mu ,&nbsp;Feng Sheng","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beginning at the casting stage, factors such as excessive early-age loading, early removal of the formwork, and unfavorable temperature–humidity conditions can negatively affect the mechanical property evolution of hydraulic lining concrete. Structurally, these factors exacerbate the development of tensile stresses within the lining. When the tensile stress exceeds the tensile strength of the concrete, cracking occurs. To investigate the multi-scale cracking mechanisms in hydraulic lining concrete structures, this study designed a loading apparatus for lining concrete members. Experiments were conducted with early-age loading, formwork removal time, and post-removal environmental temperature and humidity as test variables. The results indicate that early-age loading enhanced the tensile strength of the concrete, delayed cracking time, and increased the cracking load. Advancing the formwork removal time to one day accelerated the development of tensile stresses, causing cracks to propagate throughout the surface. Moisture-retaining curing after formwork removal both improved the development of tensile strength and mitigated the evolution of tensile stress, thereby preventing crack formation. Based on the experimental findings, a multiscale coupled model that integrates compaction and damage effects was employed to establish a quantitative approach for assessing cracks in lining concrete structures, accounting for the evolution of concrete properties. The multiscale model was extended from the material level to the structural level, enabling numerical simulation of the cracking behavior of lining concrete during construction. This provides a finite element-based predictive approach for preventing lining cracking in engineering practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 107337"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145651970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing micro tunnel boring machine efficiency: Optimal design of gauge triple disc cutters","authors":"Ebrahim Farrokh ,&nbsp;Davood Lotfi","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents innovative strategies for optimizing the design and layout of gauge triple disc cutters in micro tunnel boring machines (TBMs). Recognizing the pivotal role of cutterhead design in boosting tunneling efficiency and reducing wear, a significant gap in the literature regarding the optimal arrangement of gauge triple disc cutters is addressed. A systematic approach that combines iterative methods and advanced optimization tools is employed to analyze critical geometric and operational parameters, including cutter ring diameters, normal forces, rolling forces, tilt angles, and angular positions. Results demonstrate that optimizing these parameters leads to substantial reductions in off-axis forces and moments, minimizes cutter slippage during operation, and maintains curvature in the gauge area. This study enhances the operational performance of micro TBMs and contributes to the advancement of construction techniques, offering valuable insights for future innovations in tunnel boring technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 107330"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145651971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}