Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology最新文献

{"title":"Application of shaped charge hydraulic smooth blasting technology in excavation of arc-shaped tunnel","authors":"Guoqing Xu ,&nbsp;Junmu Wang ,&nbsp;Mengnan Shi ,&nbsp;Jun Zeng ,&nbsp;Hongtao Li ,&nbsp;Qiang Yao ,&nbsp;Gaoxiang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arc-shaped tunnels are widely used in engineering sectors such as water conservation, hydropower, highway construction, and mining owing to their advantages in structural stability, load-bearing capacity, and flow dynamics. However, attaining effective blasting outcomes in small-section arc-shaped tunnels under difficult geological conditions using conventional smooth blasting techniques is notably challenging. This study assessed the suitability of shaped charge hydraulic smooth blasting technology for such tunnels. Employing the ANSYS/LS-DYNA software, the rock mass failure mechanisms were investigated under diverse charging scenarios, including conventional cylindrical charge blasting and bottom, middle, and top charges in shaped charge hydraulic blasting. We also compared the hole wall pressure and rock failure modes under water and air interval charging. Field tests in small-section arc-shaped tunnels assessed the blasting effects of shaped charge water pressure blasting versus conventional air interval charging. An empirical formula for the peak pressure and decoupling coefficient under shaped charge blasting was established. Numerical simulations demonstrated that shaped charge blasting not only induces crack propagation in the direction of the shaped charge but also stimulates crack propagation along the axis of the blast hole. Water pressure blasting significantly increases the pressure level and extends the duration of the quasi-static action, thereby facilitating the quasi-static expansion of cracks. Field test results further verify that employing the guiding effect of shaped charge blasting on cracks for arranging blast holes in semi-circular arches and spandrels can reduce over-excavation and under-excavation at the circular arch. To summarize, the research observations indicate that shaped charge hydraulic smooth blasting technology can effectively enhance the excavation quality of tunnels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107118"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement and validation of a multi-scale numerical model for shield tunnel seismic analysis","authors":"Lei Liu ,&nbsp;Chengshun Xu ,&nbsp;Xiuli Du ,&nbsp;Daniel Dias","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, our First-Generation Multi-Scale Model (F-GMSM) was enhanced through two critical modifications: (1) a connector element-based 3D ring joint for the focus area of the numerical model, and (2) a distributed-type soil spring system to characterize soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects. To validate the effectiveness and robustness of this Second-Generation Multi-Scale Model (S-GMSM), refined 3D fully dynamic analyses were conducted and served as the benchmark for comparison. This 3D modeling methodology was validated through a shaking table test. The main findings and conclusions of this research are as follows: the mechanical response of Timoshenko beam-based bolts demonstrates significant mesh sensitivity, which consequently influences the opening deformation of ring joints under seismic loading; Under high intensity seismic excitation, the lumped soil spring system causes over 35 % overestimation of maximum joint opening widths in the multi-scale numerical calculations. Compared with the 3D reference model, S-GMSM achieves a 90 % reduction in computational time while maintaining joint opening width discrepancies (<span><math><msub><mi>Δ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></math></span>) below 15 %. When peak ground acceleration (PGA) ≥ 0.3 g, ring joint openings on the soft soil side of the stratum interface increase significantly due to bolt yielding, yet remain below the temporary opening tolerance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107131"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shear band propagation mechanisms and precursory signatures in closely-spaced tunnels under compressive-shear loading: Insights from physical modelling and DEM simulation","authors":"Leibo Song ,&nbsp;Hang Zhou ,&nbsp;Gang Wang ,&nbsp;Quan Jiang ,&nbsp;Shuqian Duan ,&nbsp;Qian Huang ,&nbsp;Jinshuai Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small-clearance tunneling in high-stress environments faces critical stability challenges due to compressive-shear instability, often inducing rockbursts and structural failures. This study systematically investigates the mechanical behavior and precursor characteristics of closely-spaced twin tunnels (CSTT) under compressive-shear loading through physical modeling and discrete element method (DEM) simulations. A customized servo-controlled shear testing system was employed to analyze the deformation and failure processes of CSTT with a clear spacing of 0.5D (D = tunnel diameter), compared to standard-spacing twin tunnels (SSTT). Key findings demonstrate CSTT exhibits a four-step failure sequence: shear compression → micro-crack propagation → fracture coalescence → frictional sliding. Stress concentration in the rock bridge zone accelerates tensile-shear hybrid crack propagation, causing 23 %–41 % faster rock bridge penetration than SSTT. Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring reveals CSTT generates high-energy bursts during failure stages, with a 37 % broader b-value fluctuation range under high normal stress, enhancing precursor detection sensitivity. DEM simulations elucidate micromechanisms: compressive stress concentrates in the rock bridge zone, triggering earlier bond breakage and accelerated shear band propagation. The study establishes a novel early-warning framework based on b-value thresholds and energy dissipation rates, offering actionable insights for stability control in complex stress environments. The findings advance shear failure prediction in closely-spaced tunnels and provide actionable guidelines for stability control in deep underground engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107112"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional Hybrid Finite Element-Material Point Method for analyzing reinforcement and stability of tunnel face with fiberglass anchor bolts","authors":"Xiangcou Zheng ,&nbsp;Jingkang Lyu ,&nbsp;Shuying Wang ,&nbsp;Junsheng Yang ,&nbsp;Feng Yang ,&nbsp;Ashraf Osman","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tunnel face instability and excessive deformation are common challenges during excavation in poor geological strata without pre-reinforcement. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) anchor bolts offer an effective solution for stabilizing tunnel faces under such circumstances. This study addresses the issue of tunnel face instability and large deformation in geologically unfavorable segments using the recently developed Material Point Method (MPM), and highlights the effects of pre-reinforcement by integrating FRP anchor bolts using bar elements within the MPM framework. To achieve this, a three-dimensional hybrid finite element-material point method (HFEMPM) in-house code is developed to simulate the coupled deformation of FRP anchor bolts and the surrounding stratum mass at the tunnel face. The coupling algorithm and numerical implementation of the proposed 3D HFEMPM are comprehensively outlined. The validity of this method is confirmed through comparisons with centrifuge tests on reinforced soil slopes and scaled tunnel excavation tests involving FRP bolt reinforcement. Furthermore, the influences of FRP anchor bolt density, length, and diameter on the tunnel face stability and associated failure/deformation mechanisms are explored using the proposed 3D HFEMPM. Numerical results demonstrate that increasing the anchor bolt diameter and reinforcement density significantly enhances the tunnel face stability. Additionally, the optimal reinforcement length of FRP anchor bolts is concentrated within a localized region in front of the tunnel face. When the bolt diameter and density exceed certain thresholds, the surrounding stratum tends to stabilize. The proposed 3D HFEMPM offers a theoretical foundation for understanding tunnel face failure/deformation mechanisms in poor geological conditions and provides guidance for selecting effective pre-reinforcement strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107102"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simplified analytical method for bell-spigot jointed pipeline response to normal faults using two-layer Winkler foundation model","authors":"Yuanlong Chen ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Li ,&nbsp;Qingshu Chen ,&nbsp;Cungang Lin ,&nbsp;Pengpeng Ni ,&nbsp;Zhiwang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Normal faults can severely affect the performance of jointed pipelines. Previous analytical methods based on the finite difference approach generally assume that the pipeline is placed on homogeneous soil springs, failing to account for the complex soil resistance issues under normal faults. This study proposes an analytical method for predicting the response of bell-spigot jointed pipelines subjected to a 90° normal fault with orthogonal pipeline-fault crossing that incorporates distinct bearing and uplift soil springs; axial extension of bell-spigot joints is neglected. The method calculates the pipeline bending strain and joint rotation angle, which are assessed against the results using two sets of large-scale experimental data. It is found that the design standard recommended soil spring calculation methods overestimate the soil resistance, and correction factors for both bearing and uplift soil springs are required to achieve satisfactory prediction. Using the calibrated analytical method, the failure modes of jointed ductile iron pipelines with different segment lengths under three types of sandy soils are predicted. The results show that the maximum rotation angle and bending strain of the pipeline increase linearly with the fault displacement. Short-segment pipelines are more prone to angular failure, while long-segment pipelines are more likely to experience bending failure. Additionally, reducing the friction angle of sandy soil can effectively prevent pipeline bending failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107063"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge-assisted deep transfer learning for muck clogging identification during mechanized shield tunneling","authors":"Xiao Yuan ,&nbsp;Shuying Wang ,&nbsp;Tongming Qu ,&nbsp;Junhao Zeng ,&nbsp;Pengfei Liu ,&nbsp;Xiangsheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting the risk of muck clogging in shield tunneling is challenging due to data scarcity and class imbalance. This study develops a knowledge-assisted transfer learning strategy to tackle this issue. The muck-clogging evaluation experience stored in a well-established risk diagram is extracted by constructing extensive low-fidelity data. Beyond the feature types considered in the diagram, additional tunnelling-related features are incorporated by using kernel density estimation, following their actual distribution space unveiled by high-dimensional data visualization. These synthesized data serve to pre-train machine learning models, which are subsequently fine-tuned with high-fidelity on-site data. Results show that transfer learning significantly improves prediction accuracy and efficiency, with knowledge consistency being crucial for success. Furthermore, the study demonstrates robust generalization when the test set surpasses the training set but stays within the source data range. The proposed method offers an innovative solution for broadening practical applications of data-driven models in complex engineering problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107124"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting fire dynamics in ventilated tunnels with spatio-temporal buffer network","authors":"Hao Wu ,&nbsp;Zheng Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Ji ,&nbsp;Changan Ye ,&nbsp;Kun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tunnel fires pose significant threats to public safety and urban infrastructure. Prompt responses and the implementation of effective firefighting measures are crucial for reducing losses from tunnel fires. However, current approaches lack high-precision and long-term prediction methods for various physical fields in tunnel fires. To address this issue, this paper proposes a deep learning model capable of predicting the development of multiple physical parameters in tunnel fires, such as temperature and visibility: Multi-Granularity Spatiotemporal Buffer Network (MUST-BN). MUST-BN simplifies the integration of multiple physical fields by using multi-scale wavelet convolution modules and global Fourier transform modules. It effectively captures the inherent spatiotemporal relationships in fire dynamics. Additionally, the model employs a spatiotemporal attention mechanism to seamlessly merge information from the two modules. It also introduces a buffer mechanism that connects the neural network with data streams to improve long-term prediction accuracy. This paper constructs a FIT dataset by simulating various tunnel fire scenarios, providing learning data for the model. Deep learning numerical results show that MUST-BN exhibits small prediction errors in forecasting tunnel fire-related parameters, with prediction errors for temperature and visibility below <strong>5%</strong>. Furthermore, comparative analyses with other state-of-the-art models reveal that MUST-BN significantly outperforms them in temperature prediction, achieving a mean squared error of 0.0342 and a structural similarity index measure of 0.9117. These results indicate that MUST-BN effectively models the interactions of multiple physical fields and provides reliable long-term predictions, thereby offering valuable support for fire safety planning and emergency response in tunnel environments. We provide our complete code and dataset at the following URL: <span><span>https://github.com/Fire-pre/MUST-BN/tree/main</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107079"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research and application of reliability evaluation model for water inrush risk during tunnel construction","authors":"Shuai Zheng,&nbsp;Qi Zhang,&nbsp;Yi Yang,&nbsp;Xinyi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the formation mechanism of tunnel water inrush risk, a comprehensive evaluation indicator group was established by applying TSP geological forecast, observation statistics and geological exploration report information. Furthermore, a probability evaluation model for tunnel water inrush risk is proposed by combining machine learning methods and reliability theory. During this process, the Monte-Carlo model was used to avoid the difficulty of solving multiple integrals of the joint probability density function, and trained the RFR model as its fast response surface. Comparative calculations show that the reliability method effectively solves the randomness problem of water inrush prediction indicators in tunnel engineering. Compared with deterministic calculation methods, it can provide more complete and accurate evaluation results from a probabilistic perspective. In order to provide a more complete reference for engineering applications, the key parameter values of RFR and the number of Monte-Carlo sampling were discussed and clarified. At the same time, the sensitivity characteristics of each evaluation indicator were analyzed. The research results have been successfully applied to the construction process of the tunnel group in the YA15 section of the Puyan Expressway in Fujian Province of China, and have achieved good results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107121"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of high-speed railway tunnel-track system under strike-slip fault dislocation-Part 1: Model test design and implementation","authors":"Hong Xu ,&nbsp;Xiuli Du ,&nbsp;Xu Zhao ,&nbsp;Jingqi Huang ,&nbsp;M.Hesham El Naggar ,&nbsp;Mi Zhao ,&nbsp;Xuanyu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional cross-fault tunnel model tests are limited by incomplete representation of shear deformation in fault zones, omission of internal track structures, reliance on traditional sensors, and large boundary dimensions that reduce geometric scaling, posing challenges for the design and safe operation of tunnels under fault dislocation. To address these issues, this study develops a repeatable large-scale physical modeling platform to investigate the mechanical response of high-speed railway tunnel-track systems under strike-slip fault dislocation. The test scheme, based on similarity theory and enhanced with three-dimensional laser scanning technology, ensures structural fidelity and high-precision, full-field measurement. Key aspects, including model box design, material selection, structural fabrication, and boundary effects verification, were systematically optimized. The physical model realistically incorporates tunnel lining, ballastless track, and surrounding rock, with displacement-controlled loading applied to simulate fault-induced deformation. Experimental results closely match field observations and numerical simulations, demonstrating the reliability of the platform. This study achieves methodological breakthroughs in system design, monitoring strategy, and boundary treatment, providing an effective and reproducible framework for understanding tunnel-track interactions, evaluating anti-fault measures, and optimizing the structural design of high-speed railway tunnels across complex fault zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107123"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-criteria evaluation model of rubber sealing gasket for shield tunnel joint","authors":"Chenjie Gong ,&nbsp;Chaoran Xie ,&nbsp;Hehua Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.107127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rubber sealing gasket materials play a critical role in the waterproof design of joints in shield tunnels. Traditional methods for selecting sealing materials and profiles often rely on empirical analogies, lacking a quantitative evaluation system. Inadequate design of sealing solutions has led to issues such as tunnel leakage and segment cracking. To address this issue, a multi-criteria decision-making model based on the TOPSIS method is proposed to balance the requirements of waterproof performance, assembly performance, and economic efficiency in sealing solutions. Firstly, the geometric dimensions of 60 sealing gasket profiles are collected in detail. A dataset of 540 sealing solutions is constructed through finite element simulations, considering variations in material hardness and groove filling ratio, which forms the data foundation for the evaluation model. Key design thresholds are then introduced, allowing the model to adapt to the design requirements of different tunnel engineering projects. Moreover, the diminishing marginal effect is applied to the data processing to refine the evaluation model, addressing the potential overemphasis on a single performance criterion in traditional approaches. A game theory-based combined weighting strategy is employed to determine the overall weights of five performance indicators, ensuring a scientifically balanced integration of multiple weighting methods. The results from the case study demonstrate significant performance differences between the alternatives that meet the design thresholds. The optimal solution achieved a 44.268 % increase in waterproof pressure, 45.83 % improvement in joint gap tolerance, 24.01 % increase in maximum deflection force, 5.53 % reduction in groove filling ratio, and 55.53 % reduction in cost compared with the least effective solution, leading to a synergistic enhancement of the waterproof, assembly, and economic performance of the sealing solution. Overall, the proposed methodology supports shield tunnel engineering in selecting the most suitable sealing solution and provides a foundation for the design and performance enhancement of gasket materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107127"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}