Optimization on escape exit selection for personnel in highway tunnel fires

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI:10.1016/j.tust.2025.107081

Jinghong Wang, Jintao Li, Hongcheng Lu, Siming Wang, Ran Ye, Jialin Wu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Pedestrian evacuation during fires has become a critical concern due to the increasing frequency of tunnel fire accidents in recent years. Existing research faces limitations in dynamically adjusting evacuation paths to respond to changing fire source locations. This study employs FDS and MassMotion software to investigate the impact of various fire source locations on pedestrian exit choices and evacuation efficiency in tunnels. A standard tunnel model was developed based on regulatory designs. Fire and evacuation simulations were conducted. Evacuation efficiency metrics were refined, and K-means clustering and polynomial regression methods were applied to determine optimal exit selection strategies for different fire source positions. The results indicate that, in a tunnel fire, adjusting the distribution of pedestrians between the nearest adjacent escape exits upstream of the fire source is crucial to improving overall evacuation efficiency. The optimal evacuation strategy involves directing all pedestrians located between the nearest and the adjacent upstream exits to the adjacent exit when the fire source is 0–75 m from the nearest upstream exit. Pedestrians situated between the adjacent and the farthest upstream exits should proceed to the farthest exit. When the fire source is 175–250 m from the nearest upstream exit, evacuation selection points should be set 50 m upstream of the nearest exit and 70 m upstream of the adjacent exit to effectively direct pedestrians toward exits on both sides. This research contributes to enhanced safety and improved evacuation efficiency, providing valuable insights for emergency management.

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公路隧道火灾中人员逃生出口选择优化

近年来，随着隧道火灾事故的频繁发生，行人在火灾中的疏散已成为人们关注的焦点。现有研究在动态调整疏散路径以响应火源位置变化方面存在局限性。本研究采用FDS和MassMotion软件研究隧道中不同火源位置对行人出口选择和疏散效率的影响。建立了基于规范设计的标准隧道模型。进行了火灾和疏散模拟。对疏散效率指标进行细化，采用k均值聚类和多项式回归方法确定不同火源位置的最优疏散选择策略。结果表明，在隧道火灾中，调整火源上游最近相邻逃生出口之间的行人分布对提高整体疏散效率至关重要。最优疏散策略是当火源距离最近的上游出口0-75 m时，将位于最近的上游出口和相邻的上游出口之间的所有行人引导到相邻的出口。位于相邻出口和上游最远出口之间的行人应走最远出口。当火源距离最近的上游出口175 ~ 250 m时，疏散选择点应设置在距离最近出口上游50 m和相邻出口上游70 m的位置，以有效引导行人走向两侧出口。该研究有助于提高疏散的安全性和效率，为应急管理提供有价值的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 工程技术-工程：土木

CiteScore

11.90

自引率

18.80%

发文量

454

审稿时长

10.8 months

期刊介绍： Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology is an international journal which publishes authoritative articles encompassing the development of innovative uses of underground space and the results of high quality research into improved, more cost-effective techniques for the planning, geo-investigation, design, construction, operation and maintenance of underground and earth-sheltered structures. The journal provides an effective vehicle for the improved worldwide exchange of information on developments in underground technology - and the experience gained from its use - and is strongly committed to publishing papers on the interdisciplinary aspects of creating, planning, and regulating underground space.