{"title":"Mechanisms of transcription and RNA processing","authors":"Lori A. Passmore, Suyang Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41594-024-01312-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41594-024-01312-8","url":null,"abstract":"Since Nature Structural and Molecular Biology was started 30 years ago, our understanding of transcription and mRNA processing has been revolutionized through structural and mechanistic studies. Here, we present our personal views of the advances in understanding the production of mature eukaryotic mRNAs over the past decade.","PeriodicalId":49141,"journal":{"name":"Nature Structural & Molecular Biology","volume":"31 5","pages":"730-731"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140919844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Decoding branch points and unlocking splicing secrets","authors":"Sara R. Downs, Bec Grace, Jeffrey A. Pleiss","doi":"10.1038/s41594-024-01308-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41594-024-01308-4","url":null,"abstract":"Branch point selection is required for pre-mRNA splicing, and its mis-regulation is associated with many diseases. Two structural studies provide insights into the dynamics of active site formation and the spliceosomal proteins that may contribute to activation of the correct branch point in eukaryotic introns.","PeriodicalId":49141,"journal":{"name":"Nature Structural & Molecular Biology","volume":"31 5","pages":"732-734"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140915140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erin C. Yang, Robby Divine, Marcos C. Miranda, Andrew J. Borst, Will Sheffler, Jason Z. Zhang, Justin Decarreau, Amijai Saragovi, Mohamad Abedi, Nicolas Goldbach, Maggie Ahlrichs, Craig Dobbins, Alexis Hand, Suna Cheng, Mila Lamb, Paul M. Levine, Sidney Chan, Rebecca Skotheim, Jorge Fallas, George Ueda, Joshua Lubner, Masaharu Somiya, Alena Khmelinskaia, Neil P. King, David Baker
{"title":"Computational design of non-porous pH-responsive antibody nanoparticles","authors":"Erin C. Yang, Robby Divine, Marcos C. Miranda, Andrew J. Borst, Will Sheffler, Jason Z. Zhang, Justin Decarreau, Amijai Saragovi, Mohamad Abedi, Nicolas Goldbach, Maggie Ahlrichs, Craig Dobbins, Alexis Hand, Suna Cheng, Mila Lamb, Paul M. Levine, Sidney Chan, Rebecca Skotheim, Jorge Fallas, George Ueda, Joshua Lubner, Masaharu Somiya, Alena Khmelinskaia, Neil P. King, David Baker","doi":"10.1038/s41594-024-01288-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41594-024-01288-5","url":null,"abstract":"Programming protein nanomaterials to respond to changes in environmental conditions is a current challenge for protein design and is important for targeted delivery of biologics. Here we describe the design of octahedral non-porous nanoparticles with a targeting antibody on the two-fold symmetry axis, a designed trimer programmed to disassemble below a tunable pH transition point on the three-fold axis, and a designed tetramer on the four-fold symmetry axis. Designed non-covalent interfaces guide cooperative nanoparticle assembly from independently purified components, and a cryo-EM density map closely matches the computational design model. The designed nanoparticles can package protein and nucleic acid payloads, are endocytosed following antibody-mediated targeting of cell surface receptors, and undergo tunable pH-dependent disassembly at pH values ranging between 5.9 and 6.7. The ability to incorporate almost any antibody into a non-porous pH-dependent nanoparticle opens up new routes to antibody-directed targeted delivery. Designed novel protein nanoparticle technology integrates antibody targeting and responds to changes in environmental conditions to release protected molecular cargoes, opening new applications for precision medicine.","PeriodicalId":49141,"journal":{"name":"Nature Structural & Molecular Biology","volume":"31 9","pages":"1404-1412"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41594-024-01288-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140895556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Custom protein nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41594-024-01289-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41594-024-01289-4","url":null,"abstract":"Targeted biologics delivery requires programming multicomponent protein nanomaterials to enable selective targeting and response to environment changes in a single unified framework. A novel protein nanoparticle platform has been designed to modulate cell-surface target specificity, cargo packaging, and pH-dependent release of encapsulated cargo, providing exciting possibilities in biologics delivery.","PeriodicalId":49141,"journal":{"name":"Nature Structural & Molecular Biology","volume":"31 9","pages":"1317-1318"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140895641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radhika Malik, Robert E. Johnson, Iban Ubarretxena-Belandia, Louise Prakash, Satya Prakash, Aneel K. Aggarwal
{"title":"Cryo-EM structure of the Rev1–Polζ holocomplex reveals the mechanism of their cooperativity in translesion DNA synthesis","authors":"Radhika Malik, Robert E. Johnson, Iban Ubarretxena-Belandia, Louise Prakash, Satya Prakash, Aneel K. Aggarwal","doi":"10.1038/s41594-024-01302-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41594-024-01302-w","url":null,"abstract":"Rev1–Polζ-dependent translesion synthesis (TLS) of DNA is crucial for maintaining genome integrity. To elucidate the mechanism by which the two polymerases cooperate in TLS, we determined the cryogenic electron microscopic structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rev1–Polζ holocomplex in the act of DNA synthesis (3.53 Å). We discovered that a composite N-helix-BRCT module in Rev1 is the keystone of Rev1–Polζ cooperativity, interacting directly with the DNA template–primer and with the Rev3 catalytic subunit of Polζ. The module is positioned akin to the polymerase-associated domain in Y-family TLS polymerases and is set ideally to interact with PCNA. We delineate the full extent of interactions that the carboxy-terminal domain of Rev1 makes with Polζ and identify potential new druggable sites to suppress chemoresistance from first-line chemotherapeutics. Collectively, our results provide fundamental new insights into the mechanism of cooperativity between Rev1 and Polζ in TLS. The authors elucidate by cryo-EM the mechanism by which DNA polymerases Rev1 and Polζ cooperate in translesion DNA synthesis.","PeriodicalId":49141,"journal":{"name":"Nature Structural & Molecular Biology","volume":"31 9","pages":"1394-1403"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140881287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel J. Sprague, Sang-Kyu Park, Svenja Gramberg, Lisa Bauer, Claudia M. Rohr, Evgeny G. Chulkov, Emery Smith, Louis Scampavia, Timothy P. Spicer, Simone Haeberlein, Jonathan S. Marchant
{"title":"Target-based discovery of a broad-spectrum flukicide","authors":"Daniel J. Sprague, Sang-Kyu Park, Svenja Gramberg, Lisa Bauer, Claudia M. Rohr, Evgeny G. Chulkov, Emery Smith, Louis Scampavia, Timothy P. Spicer, Simone Haeberlein, Jonathan S. Marchant","doi":"10.1038/s41594-024-01298-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41594-024-01298-3","url":null,"abstract":"Diseases caused by parasitic flatworms impart a considerable healthcare burden worldwide. Many of these diseases—for example, the parasitic blood fluke infection schistosomiasis—are treated with the drug praziquantel (PZQ). However, PZQ is ineffective against disease caused by liver flukes from the genus Fasciola because of a single amino acid change within the target of PZQ, a transient receptor potential ion channel in the melastatin family (TRPMPZQ), in Fasciola species. Here, we identify benzamidoquinazolinone analogs that are active against Fasciola TRPMPZQ. Structure–activity studies define an optimized ligand (BZQ) that caused protracted paralysis and tegumental damage to these liver flukes. BZQ also retained activity against Schistosoma mansoni comparable to PZQ and was active against TRPMPZQ orthologs in all profiled species of parasitic fluke. This broad-spectrum activity manifests as BZQ adopts a pose within the binding pocket of TRPMPZQ that is dependent on a ubiquitously conserved residue. BZQ therefore acts as a universal activator of trematode TRPMPZQ and a first-in-class, broad-spectrum flukicide. The authors uncovered an antiparasitic molecule that exhibits broad-spectrum activity against parasitic flukes through engagement of a recently discovered transient receptor potential ion channel.","PeriodicalId":49141,"journal":{"name":"Nature Structural & Molecular Biology","volume":"31 9","pages":"1386-1393"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140845337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Illuminating cortactin structure and function at actin filament branches","authors":"Klemens Rottner, Peter Bieling","doi":"10.1038/s41594-024-01297-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41594-024-01297-4","url":null,"abstract":"Stabilization of a branch structure would intuitively suggest a direct connection between trunk and bough, but in actin filament networks, cortactin clamps the branching Arp2/3 complex to the daughter filament. This has fundamental consequences for mechanistic understanding of actin branch turnover and cortactin biology.","PeriodicalId":49141,"journal":{"name":"Nature Structural & Molecular Biology","volume":"31 5","pages":"739-741"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140845261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The risky business of ADP-ribosylating telomeric DNA","authors":"Ylli Doksani, Francisca Lottersberger","doi":"10.1038/s41594-024-01285-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41594-024-01285-8","url":null,"abstract":"ADP-ribosylation regulates the activity of numerous proteins involved in the DNA damage response and repair. A new study shows that telomeric DNA can be ADP-ribosylated by PARP1, and prompt removal of the ADP-ribose by TARG1 is essential to preserve telomere integrity, unveiling DNA–ADP-ribosylation as a novel player in telomere stability.","PeriodicalId":49141,"journal":{"name":"Nature Structural & Molecular Biology","volume":"31 5","pages":"737-738"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140845436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anne R. Wondisford, Junyeop Lee, Robert Lu, Marion Schuller, Josephine Groslambert, Ragini Bhargava, Sandra Schamus-Haynes, Leyneir C. Cespedes, Patricia L. Opresko, Hilda A. Pickett, Jaewon Min, Ivan Ahel, Roderick J. O’Sullivan
{"title":"Deregulated DNA ADP-ribosylation impairs telomere replication","authors":"Anne R. Wondisford, Junyeop Lee, Robert Lu, Marion Schuller, Josephine Groslambert, Ragini Bhargava, Sandra Schamus-Haynes, Leyneir C. Cespedes, Patricia L. Opresko, Hilda A. Pickett, Jaewon Min, Ivan Ahel, Roderick J. O’Sullivan","doi":"10.1038/s41594-024-01279-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41594-024-01279-6","url":null,"abstract":"The recognition that DNA can be ADP ribosylated provides an unexpected regulatory level of how ADP-ribosylation contributes to genome stability, epigenetics and immunity. Yet, it remains unknown whether DNA ADP-ribosylation (DNA-ADPr) promotes genome stability and how it is regulated. Here, we show that telomeres are subject to DNA-ADPr catalyzed by PARP1 and removed by TARG1. Mechanistically, we show that DNA-ADPr is coupled to lagging telomere DNA strand synthesis, forming at single-stranded DNA present at unligated Okazaki fragments and on the 3′ single-stranded telomere overhang. Persistent DNA-linked ADPr, due to TARG1 deficiency, eventually leads to telomere shortening. Furthermore, using the bacterial DNA ADP-ribosyl-transferase toxin to modify DNA at telomeres directly, we demonstrate that unhydrolyzed DNA-linked ADP-ribose compromises telomere replication and telomere integrity. Thus, by identifying telomeres as chromosomal targets of PARP1 and TARG1-regulated DNA-ADPr, whose deregulation compromises telomere replication and integrity, our study highlights and establishes the critical importance of controlling DNA-ADPr turnover for sustained genome stability. Telomeres are endogenous cellular targets of DNA ADP-ribosylation (DNA-ADPr). TARG1-regulated DNA-ADPr is coupled to lagging telomere DNA strand synthesis, and persistent DNA-ADPr, due to TARG1 deficiency, leads to telomere shortening and fragility.","PeriodicalId":49141,"journal":{"name":"Nature Structural & Molecular Biology","volume":"31 5","pages":"791-800"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41594-024-01279-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140845458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cryo-EM structure reveals how SID-1 recognizes dsRNA that initiates systemic RNAi","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41594-024-01277-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41594-024-01277-8","url":null,"abstract":"Systemic RNA interference (RNAi) in Caenorhabditis elegans is initiated by SID-1-mediated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) internalization. By combining cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), in vitro and in vivo assays, we show how SID-1 specifically recognizes dsRNA and provide important insights into dsRNA internalization by SID-1.","PeriodicalId":49141,"journal":{"name":"Nature Structural & Molecular Biology","volume":"31 7","pages":"1007-1008"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140821231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}