Air Quality Atmosphere and Health最新文献

{"title":"Assessing physical and mental health impacts of solid cooking fuel emissions","authors":"Pradeep Kumar,&nbsp;Era Upadhyay,&nbsp;Anoop Yadav,&nbsp;Krishnamurthi Kannan","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01754-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-025-01754-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Indoor air pollution originating from the use of solid fuels for cooking and heating pose significant health concern in rural India, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, pregnant women, and children. This study explores the impact of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, NO₂, SO₂, and CO on physical and mental illnesses. A systematic review of 212 studies from 2015 to 2024 was conducted, focusing on solid fuel combustion for cooking and its health effects. Bibliometric analysis revealed prominent research themes, including environmental monitoring, toxicology, maternal and child health, and public health impacts of air pollution. Statistical analysis, including forest plots, funnel plots, and heterogeneity tests, was performed to assess the effect sizes and variability across studies. Health analysis was conducted using MS Excel and R software. The results showed significant associations between pollutant exposure and various health outcomes. PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were strongly linked to cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. CO exposure was associated with adverse outcomes, while NO₂ and SO₂ had modest but harmful impacts. Children exposed to PM_2.5 had an increased risk of acute respiratory infections. Mental health effects, such as cognitive decline, depression, anxiety, and stress, were also associated with pollutant exposure. The prevalence of diseases increased with age, peaking in the 55–65 age group. Switching from solid fuels to cleaner alternatives such as LPG and electric cooking can significantly reduce indoor air pollution, and associated health risks when used safely, although proper handling and safety measures are essential to mitigate potential hazards linked to LPG use.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 7","pages":"2077 - 2095"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The assessment of economic complexity and financial development on environmental quality: evidence for panel cointegration approach","authors":"Hamrouni Daghbagi,&nbsp;Radhouane Hasni,&nbsp;Mehdi Ben Jebli","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01757-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-025-01757-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The environment plays a crucial role in mitigating ecological catastrophes by safeguarding the atmosphere. Environmental quality in developed nations is influenced by various factors, with economic complexity and financial development indices standing out prominently among other influencing factors. This study investigates the impact of economic complexity (specifically, trade and technology) and financial development (including global, institutional, and market indices) on carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions within a panel of G20 countries using multiple models. Real GDP, along with renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, serves as explanatory variables in the empirical modeling. Employing panel cointegration techniques, the study covers the period from 1999 to 2021. Empirical findings reveal that all variables are integrated of order one, and the cross-sectional dependence test (CD) suggests the application of first-generation unit root tests. Pedroni cointegration tests further confirm long-run cointegration in all models. The Fully modified OLS (FMOLS) and the Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR) long-run estimations indicate that global, institutional, and market financial indices, as well as the economic complexity index of trade, are associated with decreased CO2 emissions. Conversely, the economic complexity index of technology is linked to increased CO2 emissions in the long run. Interaction variables linking financial development indices with economic complexity indices have demonstrated a significant and negative impact on CO2 emissions. These results carry important policy implications, suggesting that G20 countries should prioritize export diversification toward more complex, energy-efficient products and leverage financial development to support structural transformation. Additionally, by using financial tools to enhance technological sophistication (e.g., patent quality), governments can help reverse the adverse effects of technological complexity on the environment, thereby fostering long-term CO₂ mitigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 7","pages":"2111 - 2126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of inversion on pollutant dispersion of the steel factory","authors":"Alireza Adimi,&nbsp;Ahmad Nohegar,&nbsp;Zeinab Sazvar,&nbsp;Mahmoud Behrouzi","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01736-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-025-01736-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hormozgan Steel Complex (HOSCO) in IRAN has 4 stacks that are installed on the electric arc furnace and cause the release of pollutants. this study aimed to model the dispersion of emitted CO, NO₂, and PM₁₀ from stacks in HOSCO and identify the role of inversions in the dispersion of these pollutants. Pollutants emission rate were determined based on the collected data after measuring concentrations in the station (stacks) and across different distances from it for winter and summer. Hourly meteorological data from the on-site and Web GIS topography in the AERMOD was used to predicting of pollutants. The pollutants release pattern was simulated, and annual pollutant concentrations in average periods of 1–8 h and 24-hr were predicted using AERMOD. The results of Wind rose plot showed that the prevailing annually wind is SE. Inversions are of the radiative in the winter that its base is at a height of 50 m, but are of the subsidence in the summer that its base is at 500 m. Therefore, in the winter, the ambient is very polluted compared to the summer. The max of PM₁₀, NO₂, and CO in the 24, 1, and 8-hr were 25, 86, and 35 ug/m³ respectively, which accumulated on the slopes of the northwest cliffs of the site. But in winter, the core of maximum pollutants is shifted to the East. Therefore, it can be concluded that in winter, as pollutants ambient move to Bandar Abbas on the near of surface earth, and the risk of health is high.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 7","pages":"1905 - 1918"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial determinations and application of land-use regression models to evaluate outdoor volatile organic compounds in Taiwan","authors":"Tiffany B. Wang,&nbsp;Jing-Jie Chen,&nbsp;Ta-Yuan Chang","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01756-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-025-01756-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from stationary and mobile sources cause public health concerns; however, a nation-scale model for detailed exposure assessment of the entire population in Asian is lack. This study conducted an eight-month sampling campaign to evaluate outdoor VOC concentrations and establish land-use regression (LUR) models for specific VOC components in Taiwan. A total of 31 district offices were randomly selected from 349 administrative centers to perform a 24-h sampling campaign for seven VOC components: benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E), xylene (X), styrene (S), dichloromethane (DCM), and n-hexane (n–H). Road traffic information, meteorological data, and points of interest were collected and combined with a geographic information system to establish LUR models for specific VOC components. The median concentrations of B, T, E, X, S, DCM, and n–H were 0.95 μg/m³ (range: 0.85–7.96 μg/m³), 1.21 (1.13–7.00) μg/m³, 0.59 (0.53–5.21) μg/m³, 2.01 (0.88–6.86) μg/m³, 0.82 (0.76–5.52) μg/m³, 43.90 (2.44–488.22) μg/m³, and 0.60 (0.55–5.11) μg/m³, respectively. DCM was identified as the highest component compared with other VOC species. The predictive capacities (<i>R</i>²) for specific LUR models were 0.71, 0.36, 0.60, 0.63, 0.41, 0.68, and 0.82. The differences between the model <i>R</i>² value and leave-one-out cross-validation <i>R</i>² value ranged from 1 to 7% for seven VOC components. This study established LUR models with good predictive capabilities to estimate B, E, X, DCM, and n–H in Taiwan. These built models can be applied for exposure assessment of specific VOC components in environmental epidemiological studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 7","pages":"2097 - 2109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of go-around events on the LTO Cycle: emissions and fuel analysis","authors":"Mehmet Ali Çil,&nbsp;Selim Tangöz,&nbsp;Cevahir Tarhan","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01759-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-025-01759-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study analyzes the impact of go-around aircraft on the LTO (Landing and Takeoff) cycle. Global flight traffic is increasing day by day. Increasing air pollution is damaging the ecosystem and human health. Pollutant emissions, especially around airports, reduce local air quality. The study aims to find the effect of the go-around in the LTO cycle on emissions. Detailed emission and fuel analyses of Airbus A320 series, Boeing 737 series, Airbus A350, and Boeing 777 aircraft engines, which are the most widely used in international short-medium-long range, have been conducted. These calculations were obtained using the International Civil Aviation Organization Engine Emissions Data Bank data. Approximately 94% of aircraft go-arounds are within the LTO cycle. The innovative aspect of this paper is to analyze the emissions and fuel increases of go-around aircraft within the LTO cycle. It has been calculated that an aircraft go-around (one pass) can increase emissions produced in the LTO cycle by 6%-40%, depending on engine type and time. Similarly, when a go-around occurs, the fuel used in the LTO cycle increases by 16%-60%. In addition to air pollution, this situation also brings extra fuel costs to the airlines. The go-around rate is between 3–4 per 1000 flights on average. Preventing aircraft from going around has significant benefits in terms of reducing environmental impacts. Measures such as pilot training, air traffic management optimization, and airport infrastructure development improve safety and support environmental sustainability. Although the go-around may seem alarming, it is a routine procedure performed for the safety of passengers and crew and can lead to more significant problems if not done. Safety is paramount in the aviation industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 7","pages":"2139 - 2149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of ammonia and methane concentrations in pig barns based on daily activities, physiological parameters and various growth phases of pigs","authors":"Nibas Chandra Deb,&nbsp;Jayanta Kumar Basak,&nbsp;Elanchezhian Arulmozhi,&nbsp;Dae Yeong Kang,&nbsp;Niraj Tamrakar,&nbsp;Eun Wan Seo,&nbsp;Sijan Karki,&nbsp;Oluwasegun Moses Ogundele,&nbsp;Junghoo Kook,&nbsp;Myeong Yong Kang,&nbsp;Hyeon Tae Kim","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01761-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-025-01761-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The continuous increase in ammonia (NH₃) and methane (CH₄) concentrations in pig barns is primarily driven by the expansion of pig farming, which significantly contributes to the increase in greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. Therefore, this experiment aimed to investigate the NH₃ and CH₄ concentrations based on daily activities, pig physiological parameters such as body mass (BM) and feed intake (FI), and various growing phases of pigs. Two independent experiments were carried out in two pig barns across 2022 and 2023. Both barns were equipped with biological and environmental management sensors (BEMS) and livestock environment management sensors (LEMS) to monitor the pigs’ daily activities, indoor air temperature (IT), relative humidity (IRH), and NH₃ and CH₄ concentrations. The results of the study revealed that BM and FI had a strong positive correlation with NH₃ (<i>r</i> &gt; 0.84 with BM and <i>r</i> ≥ 0.85 with FI) and CH₄ (<i>r</i> &gt; 0.83 with BM and <i>r</i> ≥ 0.81 with FI) concentrations during both study periods. Moreover, it was observed that NH₃ and CH₄ concentrations were lowest in growing phase 1 (G1) and highest in growing phase 4 (G4). Additionally, it was found that the NH₃ and CH₄ concentrations were highest during the morning defecation (7 AM − 8 AM) and lowest during sleeping at night (9 PM– 7 AM) activity time. In conclusion, these findings provide crucial insights into the patterns of NH₃ and CH₄ concentrations in pig barns, which are valuable for improving pig production practices and environmental management strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 8","pages":"2199 - 2211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air quality dynamics and health risks: particle morphology and chemistry during pre and post-holi festival in a Tourist City in India","authors":"Vaishnav Bartaria,&nbsp;Ashok Jangid,&nbsp;Ranjit Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01751-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-025-01751-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study examines the impact of Holi 2023 and the Holika Dahan ritual on air quality in Agra, India with a focus on health risks associated with increased particulate matter (PM) exposure and the chemical nature of the emitted particles. Air samples were collected before, during, and after the festivities, and the results showed a sharp increase in particulate matter (PM) concentrations, exceeding the World Health Organization's 24-h average guidelines and the National Ambient Air Quality Standard of India. Morphological and compositional analysis revealed distinctive particle types across different phases of the festival. Pre-Holi samples showed minimal particulate deposits, primarily carbon-rich particles mixed with mineral dust from vehicular emissions, construction, and resuspended soil. During Holika Dahan, a significant deposition of fine carbonaceous particles was observed, including soot aggregates and fullerenes like structure. These highly stable carbon structures contribute to atmospheric warming. Additionally, silica-based particles re-solidified from molten minerals at high temperature were identified, indicating intense combustion processes. Hybrid organic-mineral particles containing metals and sulphur were also present, suggesting interactions between soil dust and combustion emissions, posing inhalation risks and potential soil acidification upon deposition. Health risk assessments showed a significant increase in mortality risks linked to short-term PM exposure. Relative risk (RR) for PM_2.5 in terms of cardiopulmonary mortality increased by 86.35% during Holika Dahan while for lung cancer mortality, PM_2.5 exhibited an increase in RR by 153.83%, suggesting a substantial proportion of health risks could be directly linked to the elevated PM levels during the festival. These findings highlight urgent environmental concerns and the need for increased public awareness and regulatory measures to mitigate the adverse health impacts associated with traditional cultural and ritual practices that contribute significantly to air pollution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 7","pages":"2031 - 2046"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal dynamics and relationships among aerosols, airborne bacteria, and microclimatic factors in an open type of dairy milking barn","authors":"Md. Aminul Islam,&nbsp;Atsuo Ikeguchi,&nbsp;Takanori Naide","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01758-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-025-01758-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dairy farming is one of the crucial anthropogenic sources of airborne bacteria and aerosols for polluting and degrading environmental quality. An investigation was conducted to determine the indoor aerosols, microclimatic parameters, and airborne bacteria in an open type of dairy milking barn in Tochigi, Japan, from April 2017 to May 2018. The highest temperature (24.45ºC) and highest relative humidity (RH) (80.61%) were observed during the summer and the lowest temperature (4.27ºC) and lowest RH (64.0%) were observed during the winter and spring, respectively in the open type of dairy milking barn. A significant difference in airflow was not found during different seasons in the open type of dairy barn. All sizes of the aerosols (0.3–10.0 μm) and all types of airborne bacteria (airborne aerobic bacteria, <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>), and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>)) were greater during the summer and lower during the winter in the open type of dairy barn. A total of 13 (thirteen) relationships were observed among microclimatic factors, airborne bacteria, and aerosols in the dairy barn during the study period. A more significant negative relationship (<i>R</i> = 0.91, <i>p</i> = 0.01) was observed between the 1.0–2.0 μm aerosols and airborne <i>E. coli</i> during the summer and a more significant positive relationship (<i>R</i> = 0.88, <i>p</i> = 0.02) was observed between airborne <i>E. coli</i> and temperature during the summer in the barn. These findings will be crucial in limiting emission of aerosols and airborne bacteria from various types of dairy facilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 7","pages":"2127 - 2138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different local air-pollution responses to the COVID-19 lockdown measures: three metropolises in Latin America","authors":"Oscar Nieto-Garzón,&nbsp;Angélica Lozano","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01753-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-025-01753-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Usually, urban air pollution policies are mainly based on reducing traffic. The COVID-19 lockdown gave a great opportunity to understand the relevance of traffic on urban air pollution, because year 2020 had three periods with marked differences on traffic activity. Existing studies analyse changes on air pollution during lockdown, but not for the subsequent period when traffic increased. This study analyses short-term changes in ground-level air pollution in the Metropolitan Zone of Mexico City (MZMC), Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP), and Bogotá, for three phases: before lockdown (P1), the most restrictive phase (P2), and the relaxation phase (P3). The analyses using statistical tests included: (a) comparing the average 24-h mean pollutant concentration of each phase in 2020 with the same periods from 2016 to 2019; and (b) comparing the average 24-h mean pollutant concentrations among the phases. Results show that air pollution in the three metropolises behaved differently with large but site-specific reductions in primary pollutants concentrations based on mobility-restrictions’ stringency and compliance, particular environmental characteristics, and other factors influencing emission concentrations of each metropolis. Then, in order to improve air quality, it is necessary to identify for each city, the specific factors that contribute to change emissions as much as or more than traffic, for developing holistic and effective air pollution abatement policies Air quality management strategies require understanding the effectiveness and potential side impacts of restrictive measures on traffic, considering different situations. This is a key problem for urban sustainability in Latin America.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 7","pages":"2061 - 2076"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11869-025-01753-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing air quality of the recycled steel industries and associated health risks in a mega port city of Southeast Asia","authors":"Md. Sabbir Hossain,&nbsp;Shammitul Shiropa,&nbsp;Mohammad Abdul Momin Siddique","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01760-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-025-01760-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chittagong, the port city of Bangladesh, has become a major hub for the world’s shipbreaking industry, ideally suited for developing shipbreaking yards and recycled steel industries. This study aimed to evaluate the air quality of recycled steel industries in Chittagong. Formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), and Particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) were investigated from three shipwrecking yards and five sites in the city near the recycled steel industries. The mean concentrations of HCHO ranged from 204.50 to 463.67 µg m-3, TVOC 326.67–2391.33 µg m-3, PM2.5 ranged from 125.17 to 226.67 µg m-3, and PM10 ranged from 162.33 to 276.60 µg m-3 in the air near the recycled steel industries. All these values exceeded the recommended chronic exposure limits. Calculated hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) values consistently exceeded threshold limit 1, indicating a high risk of adverse health effects for children and adults due to air pollutant exposure. These findings highlight the urgent need for stricter environmental regulations and enforcement to promote sustainable shipbreaking and recycled steel industries that balance economic benefits with environmental and public health protection in Bangladesh.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 8","pages":"2187 - 2197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11869-025-01760-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}