Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"The HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study (HBCD) experience: Recruiting and retaining diverse families in a longitudinal, multi-method early childhood study","authors":"Brenda Jones Harden,&nbsp;Lorraine M. McKelvey,&nbsp;Julie A. Poehlmann,&nbsp;Renee C. Edwards,&nbsp;Florencia Anunziata,&nbsp;Lana Beasley,&nbsp;Melissa Bomberger,&nbsp;Oziomachukwu Chinaka,&nbsp;Sheila De La Cruz,&nbsp;Kelly Gurka,&nbsp;Micaela Parkinson,&nbsp;the HBCD Recruitment, Retention, and Community Engagement Workgroup","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. Given its aim to examine the impact of adversity and protective factors on children’s outcomes, the recruitment and retention of families who have a wide diversity in experiences are essential. However, the unfortunate history of inequitable treatment of underrepresented families in research and the risks with which some participants will contend (e.g., substance use) makes their recruitment and retention in social science and neuroscience research particularly challenging.</p><p>This article explores strategies that the HBCD Study has developed to recruit and retain participants, including marginalized, underserved, and hard-to-reach populations, capitalizing on the extant literature and the researchers’ own experiences. In this paper, we address strategies to recruit and retain families within HBCD, including: 1) creating experiences that engender trust and promote relationships; 2) maintaining connections with participants over time; 3) ensuring appropriate compensation and supports; 4) considerations for study materials and procedures; and 5) community engagement. The implementation of these strategies may increase representation and inclusiveness, as well as improve the quality of the resulting data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101421"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929324000823/pdfft?md5=1f6ae10836de8b5ef2bbf531494b93d2&pid=1-s2.0-S1878929324000823-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investment, integration, and innovation: Fostering diversity, equity, and inclusion across the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study consortium","authors":"Traci M. Murray ,&nbsp;Natalie Slopen ,&nbsp;the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Coordinating Committee","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. From the outset, the HBCD Study integrated diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) into its core mission, with key elements like an Associate Director for DEI, a DEI values statement, and establishing a DEI committee to help ensure sustainable progress for the future. The DEI Coordinating Committee supports DEI efforts impacting members of the HBCD consortium, study participants, and the analysis and dissemination of HBCD data. Committee members include representatives from every study site and workgroup which contributes to DEI integration throughout the study. Committee activities include reviewing all measures and protocols, creating accountability metrics, and supporting training opportunities for consortium members. Several successes and lessons have been learned through the Committee’s activities like implementing consortium-wide unconscious bias training and changing the DEI leadership and committee structure. This article presents an overview of HBCD’s DEI components within HBCD and provides examples of collaborative efforts between the DEI Coordinating Committee and other workgroups. The article concludes with plans for future activities and recommendations for other large consortia considering formal DEI structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101420"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929324000811/pdfft?md5=161b6490e9f18dc595dee3ec6e49ebb0&pid=1-s2.0-S1878929324000811-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemispheric dominance in reading system alters contribution to face processing lateralization across development","authors":"Xinyang Liu ,&nbsp;Danni He ,&nbsp;Miaomiao Zhu ,&nbsp;Yinghui Li ,&nbsp;Longnian Lin ,&nbsp;Qing Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Face processing dominates the right hemisphere. This lateralization can be affected by co-lateralization within the same system and influence between different systems, such as neural competition from reading acquisition. Yet, how the relationship pattern changes through development remains unknown. This study examined the lateralization of core face processing and word processing in different age groups. By comparing fMRI data from 36 school-aged children and 40 young adults, we investigated whether there are age and regional effects on lateralization, and how relationships between lateralization within and between systems change across development. Our results showed significant right hemispheric lateralization in the core face system and left hemispheric lateralization in reading-related areas for both age groups when viewing faces and texts passively. While all participants showed stronger lateralization in brain regions of higher functional hierarchy when viewing faces, only adults exhibited this lateralization when viewing texts. In both age cohorts, there was intra-system co-lateralization for face processing, whereas an inter-system relationship was only found in adults. Specifically, functional lateralization of Broca’s area during reading negatively predicted functional asymmetry in the FFA during face perception. This study initially provides neuroimaging evidence for the reading-induced neural competition theory from a maturational perspective in Chinese cohorts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101418"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929324000793/pdfft?md5=8e4d2931ceedf90df717b08f5b71d252&pid=1-s2.0-S1878929324000793-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infant and early childhood physical health assessments in the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study","authors":"Leigh-Anne Cioffredi ,&nbsp;Bailey Garner ,&nbsp;Jessie R. Maxwell ,&nbsp;Stephanie Merhar ,&nbsp;Myriam Peralta-Carcelen ,&nbsp;Lisa S. Scott ,&nbsp;Misha Sisodia ,&nbsp;Sara B. DeMauro ,&nbsp;the HBCD Physical Health Working Group","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. Many prenatal and early childhood exposures impact both later physical health and development. Moreover, early deficits in physical health, such as growth and vision, are associated with differences in brain development, language and cognitive functioning. For these reasons, the HBCD Study includes measures of early childhood physical health, many of which have clinical relevance, and are applicable for use as both predictors and outcomes. Study measures assess a broad range of physical health domains and include both objective measurement of child growth and health and subjective caregiver report of behaviors and attitudes about constructs known to influence growth and physical development. Lastly, we obtain caregiver report of the child’s routine medical care as well as acute and chronic medical issues. We anticipate that these data will contextualize the impact of child physical growth and health on child brain development and function. In this report we present the rationale for each domain and an overview of the physical health measures included in the current HBCD Study protocol.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101414"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929324000756/pdfft?md5=f860eef95f62435dbb6800576c1a62ff&pid=1-s2.0-S1878929324000756-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141702620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying high school risk factors that forecast heavy drinking onset in understudied young adults","authors":"Qingyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Magdalini Paschali ,&nbsp;Joseph Dehoney ,&nbsp;Fiona C. Baker ,&nbsp;Massimiliano de Zambotti ,&nbsp;Michael D. De Bellis ,&nbsp;David B. Goldston ,&nbsp;Kate B. Nooner ,&nbsp;Duncan B. Clark ,&nbsp;Beatriz Luna ,&nbsp;Bonnie J. Nagel ,&nbsp;Sandra A. Brown ,&nbsp;Susan F. Tapert ,&nbsp;Sonja Eberson ,&nbsp;Wesley K. Thompson ,&nbsp;Adolf Pfefferbaum ,&nbsp;Edith V. Sullivan ,&nbsp;Kilian M. Pohl","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heavy alcohol drinking is a major, preventable problem that adversely impacts the physical and mental health of US young adults. Studies seeking drinking risk factors typically focus on young adults who enrolled in 4-year residential college programs (4YCP) even though most high school graduates join the workforce, military, or community colleges. We examined 106 of these understudied young adults (USYA) and 453 4YCPs from the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) by longitudinally following their drinking patterns for 8 years from adolescence to young adulthood. All participants were no-to-low drinkers during high school. Whereas 4YCP individuals were more likely to initiate heavy drinking during college years, USYA participants did so later. Using mental health metrics recorded during high school, machine learning forecasted individual-level risk for initiating heavy drinking after leaving high school. The risk factors differed between demographically matched USYA and 4YCP individuals and between sexes. Predictors for USYA drinkers were sexual abuse, physical abuse for girls, and extraversion for boys, whereas 4YCP drinkers were predicted by the ability to recognize facial emotion and, for boys, greater openness. Thus, alcohol prevention programs need to give special consideration to those joining the workforce, military, or community colleges, who make up the majority of this age group.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929324000744/pdfft?md5=bb24df5ff2de0015bc20f775054bf517&pid=1-s2.0-S1878929324000744-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental differences in striatal recruitment by reward prospects as a function of attentional demand","authors":"Chelsea Sawyers,&nbsp;Lisa K. Straub,&nbsp;Joseph Gauntlett,&nbsp;James M. Bjork","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adolescent risk-taking has been attributed to earlier-developing motivational neurocircuitry that is poorly controlled by immature executive-control neurocircuitry. Functional magnetic resonance imaging findings of increased ventral striatum (VS) recruitment by reward prospects in adolescents compared to adults support this theory. Other studies found blunted VS recruitment by reward-predictive cues in adolescents compared to adults. Task features may explain this discrepancy but have never been systematically explored. Adolescents and adults performed a novel reward task that holds constant the expected value of all rewards but varies whether rewards are dependent on vigilance-intensive responding versus making a lucky choice during a relaxed response window. We examined group by sub-task contrast differences in activation of VS and more motoric regions of striatum in response to anticipatory cues. Reward anticipation in both task conditions activated portions of striatum in both groups. In voxel-wise comparison, adults showed greater anticipatory recruitment of VS in trials involving choice during a relaxed time window, not in the more vigilance-demanding trials as hypothesized. In accord with our hypotheses, however, adults showed greater activation in dorsal striatum and putamen volumes of interest during reward anticipation under vigilance-demanding conditions. Following trial outcome notifications, adolescents showed greater activation of the VS during reward notification but lower activation during loss notification. These data extend findings of cross-sectional age-group differences in incentive-anticipatory recruitment of striatum, by demonstrating in adults relatively greater recruitment of motor effector regions of striatum by attentional and motor demands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101412"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929324000732/pdfft?md5=6b794aae580bef99ee2ac3c2dc4dadda&pid=1-s2.0-S1878929324000732-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transparency and reproducibility in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study","authors":"Daniel A. Lopez ,&nbsp;Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez ,&nbsp;Punitha Subramaniam ,&nbsp;Shana Adise ,&nbsp;Katherine L. Bottenhorn ,&nbsp;Paola Badilla ,&nbsp;Ellen Mukwekwerere ,&nbsp;Laila Tally ,&nbsp;Omoengheme Ahanmisi ,&nbsp;Isabelle L. Bedichek ,&nbsp;Serena D. Matera ,&nbsp;Gabriela Mercedes Perez-Tamayo ,&nbsp;Nicholas Sissons ,&nbsp;Owen Winters ,&nbsp;Anya Harkness ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Nakiyingi ,&nbsp;Jennell Encizo ,&nbsp;Zhuoran Xiang ,&nbsp;Isabelle G. Wilson ,&nbsp;Allison N. Smith ,&nbsp;Rebekah S. Huber","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Transparency can build trust in the scientific process, but scientific findings can be undermined by poor and obscure data use and reporting practices. The purpose of this work is to report how data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study has been used to date, and to provide practical recommendations on how to improve the transparency and reproducibility of findings.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Articles published from 2017 to 2023 that used ABCD Study data were reviewed using more than 30 data extraction items to gather information on data use practices. Total frequencies were reported for each extraction item, along with computation of a Level of Completeness (LOC) score that represented overall endorsement of extraction items. Univariate linear regression models were used to examine the correlation between LOC scores and individual extraction items. Post hoc analysis included examination of whether LOC scores were correlated with the logged 2-year journal impact factor.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 549 full-length articles included in the main analysis. Analytic scripts were shared in 30 % of full-length articles. The number of participants excluded due to missing data was reported in 60 % of articles, and information on missing data for individual variables (e.g., household income) was provided in 38 % of articles. A table describing the analytic sample was included in 83 % of articles. A race and/or ethnicity variable was included in 78 % of reviewed articles, while its inclusion was justified in only 41 % of these articles. LOC scores were highly correlated with extraction items related to examination of missing data. A bottom 10 % of LOC score was significantly correlated with a lower logged journal impact factor when compared to the top 10 % of LOC scores (β=-0.77, 95 % −1.02, −0.51; <em>p</em>-value &lt; 0.0001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings highlight opportunities for improvement in future papers using ABCD Study data to readily adapt analytic practices for better transparency and reproducibility efforts. A list of recommendations is provided to facilitate adherence in future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101408"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929324000690/pdfft?md5=bbf095ff1ac4d6d45c52fe3259756565&pid=1-s2.0-S1878929324000690-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141460246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What ergodicity means for you","authors":"Michael D. Hunter ,&nbsp;Zachary F. Fisher ,&nbsp;Charles F. Geier","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper explores the relation between within-person and between-person research designs using the concept of ergodicity from statistical mechanics in physics. We demonstrate the consequences of ergodicity using several real data examples from previously published studies. We then create several simulated examples that illustrate the independence of within-person processes from between-person differences, and pair these examples with analytic results that reinforce our conclusions. Finally, we discuss the plausibility of ergodicity being the general rule rather than the exception for social and behavioral processes, address common arguments against heeding the implications of ergodicity for behavioral research, and offer several possible solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101406"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929324000677/pdfft?md5=7cad39b014018b344001fd7c10f80595&pid=1-s2.0-S1878929324000677-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141394212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and environmental influences on structural brain development from childhood to adolescence: A longitudinal twin study on cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume","authors":"L. van Drunen ,&nbsp;S. Dobbelaar ,&nbsp;E.A. Crone ,&nbsp;L.M. Wierenga","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The human brain undergoes structural development from childhood to adolescence, with specific regions in the sensorimotor, social, and affective networks continuing to grow into adulthood. While genetic and environmental factors contribute to individual differences in these brain trajectories, the extent remains understudied. Our longitudinal study, utilizing up to three biennial MRI scans (n=485), aimed to assess the genetic and environmental effects on brain structure (age 7) and development (ages 7–14) in these regions. Heritability estimates varied across brain regions, with all regions showing genetic influence (ranging from 18 % to 59 %) with additional shared environmental factors affecting the primary motor cortex (30 %), somatosensory cortex (35 %), DLPFC (5 %), TPJ (17 %), STS (17 %), precuneus (10 %), hippocampus (22 %), amygdala (5 %), and nucleus accumbens (10 %). Surface area was more genetically driven (38 %) than cortical thickness (14 %). Longitudinal brain changes were primarily driven by genetics (ranging from 1 % to 29 %), though shared environment factors (additionally) influenced the somatosensory cortex (11 %), DLPFC (7 %), cerebellum (28 %), TPJ (16 %), STS (20 %), and hippocampus (17 %). These findings highlight the importance of further investigating brain-behavior associations and the influence of enriched and deprived environments from childhood to adolescence. Ultimately, our study can provide insights for interventions aimed at supporting children's development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101407"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929324000689/pdfft?md5=af8ab5da35ff6d85bb718c0d2239faa8&pid=1-s2.0-S1878929324000689-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141314502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroadaptive Bayesian optimisation to study individual differences in infants’ engagement with social cues","authors":"A. Gui ,&nbsp;E. Throm ,&nbsp;P.F. da Costa ,&nbsp;F. Penza ,&nbsp;M. Aguiló Mayans ,&nbsp;A. Jordan-Barros ,&nbsp;R. Haartsen ,&nbsp;R. Leech ,&nbsp;E.J.H. Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Infants’ motivation to engage with the social world depends on the interplay between individual brain’s characteristics and previous exposure to social cues such as the parent’s smile or eye contact. Different hypotheses about why specific combinations of emotional expressions and gaze direction engage children have been tested with group-level approaches rather than focusing on individual differences in the social brain development. Here, a novel Artificial Intelligence-enhanced brain-imaging approach, Neuroadaptive Bayesian Optimisation (NBO), was applied to infant electro-encephalography (EEG) to understand how selected neural signals encode social cues in individual infants. EEG data from 42 6- to 9-month-old infants looking at images of their parent’s face were analysed in real-time and used by a Bayesian Optimisation algorithm to identify which combination of the parent’s gaze/head direction and emotional expression produces the strongest brain activation in the child. This individualised approach supported the theory that the infant’s brain is maximally engaged by communicative cues with a negative valence (angry faces with direct gaze). Infants attending preferentially to faces with direct gaze had increased positive affectivity and decreased negative affectivity. This work confirmed that infants’ attentional preferences for social cues are heterogeneous and shows the NBO's potential to study diversity in neurodevelopmental trajectories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101401"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929324000628/pdfft?md5=47a661aed23fcfcd77febe833e91289c&pid=1-s2.0-S1878929324000628-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141314497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}