PLoS Biology最新文献_第5页

Hippocampal damage disrupts the latent decision-making processes underlying approach-avoidance conflict processing in humans.

IF 9.8 1区生物学

PLoS Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-11 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003033

Willem Le Duc, Christopher R Butler, Georgios P D Argyropoulos, Sonja Chu, Cendri Hutcherson, Anthony C Ruocco, Rutsuko Ito, Andy C H Lee

{"title":"Hippocampal damage disrupts the latent decision-making processes underlying approach-avoidance conflict processing in humans.","authors":"Willem Le Duc, Christopher R Butler, Georgios P D Argyropoulos, Sonja Chu, Cendri Hutcherson, Anthony C Ruocco, Rutsuko Ito, Andy C H Lee","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003033","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003033","url":null,"abstract":"Rodent and human data implicate the hippocampus in the arbitration of approach-avoidance conflict (AAC), which arises when an organism is confronted with a stimulus associated simultaneously with reward and punishment. Yet, the precise contributions of this structure are underexplored, particularly with respect to the decision-making processes involved. We assessed humans with hippocampal damage and matched neurologically healthy controls on a computerized AAC paradigm in which participants first learned whether individual visual images were associated with the reward or loss of game points and were then asked to approach or avoid pairs of stimuli with non-conflicting or conflicting valences. To assess hippocampal involvement more broadly in response conflict, we also administered a Stroop and a Go/No-go task. On the AAC paradigm, following similar learning outcomes in individuals with hippocampal damage and matched controls, both participant groups approached positive and negative image pairs at the same rate but critically, those with hippocampal damage approached conflict pairs more often than controls. Choice and response AAC data were interrogated using the hierarchical drift diffusion model, which revealed that, compared to controls, individuals with hippocampal damage were more biased towards approach, required less evidence to make a decision during conflict trials, and were slower to accumulate evidence towards avoidance when confronted with conflicting image pairs. No significant differences were found between groups in performance accuracy or response time on the response conflict tasks. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the importance of the hippocampus to the evidence accumulation processes supporting value-based decision-making under motivational conflict.","PeriodicalId":49001,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Biology","volume":"23 2","pages":"e3003033"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

vmTracking enables highly accurate multi-animal pose tracking in crowded environments.

IF 9.8 1区生物学

PLoS Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-10 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003002

Hirotsugu Azechi, Susumu Takahashi

{"title":"vmTracking enables highly accurate multi-animal pose tracking in crowded environments.","authors":"Hirotsugu Azechi, Susumu Takahashi","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003002","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003002","url":null,"abstract":"In multi-animal tracking, addressing occlusion and crowding is crucial for accurate behavioral analysis. However, in situations where occlusion and crowding generate complex interactions, achieving accurate pose tracking remains challenging. Therefore, we introduced virtual marker tracking (vmTracking), which uses virtual markers for individual identification. Virtual markers are labels derived from conventional markerless multi-animal tracking tools, such as multi-animal DeepLabCut (maDLC) and Social LEAP Estimates Animal Poses (SLEAP). Unlike physical markers, virtual markers exist only within the video and attribute features to individuals, enabling consistent identification throughout the entire video while keeping the animals markerless in reality. Using these markers as cues, annotations were applied to multi-animal videos, and tracking was conducted with single-animal DeepLabCut (saDLC) and SLEAP's single-animal method. vmTracking minimized manual corrections and annotation frames needed for training, efficiently tackling occlusion and crowding. Experiments tracking multiple mice, fish, and human dancers confirmed vmTracking's variability and applicability. These findings could enhance the precision and reliability of tracking methods used in the analysis of complex naturalistic and social behaviors in animals, providing a simpler yet more effective solution.","PeriodicalId":49001,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Biology","volume":"23 2","pages":"e3003002"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11845028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unprecedented female mutation bias in the aye-aye, a highly unusual lemur from Madagascar.

IF 9.8 1区生物学

PLoS Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-07 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003015

Richard J Wang, Yadira Peña-García, Muthuswamy Raveendran, R Alan Harris, Thuy-Trang Nguyen, Marie-Claude Gingras, Yifan Wu, Lesette Perez, Anne D Yoder, Joe H Simmons, Jeffrey Rogers, Matthew W Hahn

{"title":"Unprecedented female mutation bias in the aye-aye, a highly unusual lemur from Madagascar.","authors":"Richard J Wang, Yadira Peña-García, Muthuswamy Raveendran, R Alan Harris, Thuy-Trang Nguyen, Marie-Claude Gingras, Yifan Wu, Lesette Perez, Anne D Yoder, Joe H Simmons, Jeffrey Rogers, Matthew W Hahn","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003015","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003015","url":null,"abstract":"Every mammal studied to date has been found to have a male mutation bias: male parents transmit more de novo mutations to offspring than female parents, contributing increasingly more mutations with age. Although male-biased mutation has been studied for more than 75 years, its causes are still debated. One obstacle to understanding this pattern is its near universality-without variation in mutation bias, it is difficult to find an underlying cause. Here, we present new data on multiple pedigrees from two primate species: aye-ayes (Daubentonia madagascariensis), a member of the strepsirrhine primates, and olive baboons (Papio anubis). In stark contrast to the pattern found across mammals, we find a much larger effect of maternal age than paternal age on mutation rates in the aye-aye. In addition, older aye-aye mothers transmit substantially more mutations than older fathers. We carry out both computational and experimental validation of our results, contrasting them with results from baboons and other primates using the same methodologies. Further, we analyze a set of DNA repair and replication genes to identify candidate mutations that may be responsible for the change in mutation bias observed in aye-ayes. Our results demonstrate that mutation bias is not an immutable trait, but rather one that can evolve between closely related species. Further work on aye-ayes (and possibly other lemuriform primates) should help to explain the molecular basis for sex-biased mutation.","PeriodicalId":49001,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Biology","volume":"23 2","pages":"e3003015"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11819580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143371322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A call for broadening the altmetrics tent to democratize science outreach.

IF 9.8 1区生物学

PLoS Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-07 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003010

Ivan Jarić, Pavel Pipek, Ana Novoa

引用次数: 0

The HCF101 protein is an important component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur synthesis pathway in Toxoplasma gondii.

IF 9.8 1区生物学

PLoS Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-06 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003028

Eléa A Renaud, Ambre J M Maupin, Laurence Berry, Julie Bals, Yann Bordat, Vincent Demolombe, Valérie Rofidal, Florence Vignols, Sébastien Besteiro

{"title":"The HCF101 protein is an important component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur synthesis pathway in Toxoplasma gondii.","authors":"Eléa A Renaud, Ambre J M Maupin, Laurence Berry, Julie Bals, Yann Bordat, Vincent Demolombe, Valérie Rofidal, Florence Vignols, Sébastien Besteiro","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003028","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003028","url":null,"abstract":"Several key cellular functions depend on proteins harboring an iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cofactor. As these Fe-S proteins localize to several subcellular compartments, they require a dedicated machinery for cofactor assembly. For instance, in plants and algae there are Fe-S cluster synthesis pathways localizing to the cytosol, but also present in the mitochondrion and in the chloroplast, 2 organelles of endosymbiotic origin. Toxoplasma gondii is a plastid-bearing parasitic protist responsible for a pathology affecting humans and other warm-blooded vertebrates. We have characterized the Toxoplasma homolog of HCF101, originally identified in plants as a protein transferring Fe-S clusters to photosystem I subunits in the chloroplast. Contrarily to plants, we have shown that HCF101 does not localize to the plastid in parasites, but instead is an important component of the cytosolic Fe-S assembly (CIA) pathway which is vital for Toxoplasma. While the CIA pathway is widely conserved in eukaryotes, it is the first time the involvement of HCF101 in this pan-eukaryotic machinery is established. Moreover, as this protein is essential for parasite viability and absent from its mammalian hosts, it constitutes a novel and promising potential drug target.","PeriodicalId":49001,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Biology","volume":"23 2","pages":"e3003028"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11838916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The placenta as a cradle, but not source, of blood?

IF 9.8 1区生物学

PLoS Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-06 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003021

Julie Y Chen, Kyle M Loh

引用次数: 0

The exocytosis regulator complexin controls spontaneous synaptic vesicle release in a CAPS-dependent manner at C. elegans excitatory synapses.

IF 9.8 1区生物学

PLoS Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-06 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003023

Ya Wang, Chun Hin Chow, Yu Zhang, Mengjia Huang, Randa Higazy, Neeraja Ramakrishnan, Lili Chen, Xuhui Chen, Yixiang Deng, Sheng Wang, Cuntai Zhang, Cong Ma, Shuzo Sugita, Shangbang Gao

{"title":"The exocytosis regulator complexin controls spontaneous synaptic vesicle release in a CAPS-dependent manner at C. elegans excitatory synapses.","authors":"Ya Wang, Chun Hin Chow, Yu Zhang, Mengjia Huang, Randa Higazy, Neeraja Ramakrishnan, Lili Chen, Xuhui Chen, Yixiang Deng, Sheng Wang, Cuntai Zhang, Cong Ma, Shuzo Sugita, Shangbang Gao","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003023","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003023","url":null,"abstract":"The balance between synaptic excitation and inhibition (E/I) is essential for coordinating motor behavior, yet the differential roles of exocytosis regulators in this balance are less understood. In this study, we investigated the roles of 2 conserved exocytosis regulators, complexin/CPX-1 and CAPS/UNC-31, in excitatory versus inhibitory synapses at Caenorhabditis elegans neuromuscular junctions. cpx-1 null mutants exhibited a marked increase in spontaneous release specifically at excitatory synapses, alongside an unequal reduction in excitatory and inhibitory evoked release. A clamping-specific knockin mutant, cpx-1(Δ12), which preserved evoked release, also showed a biased enhancement in excitatory spontaneous release. Conversely, the unc-31 null mutation, while maintaining normal spontaneous release, displayed a more pronounced reduction in evoked release at excitatory synapses. Notably, we found that CPX-1's clamping function is dependent on UNC-31 and is sensitive to external Ca2+. Pull-down experiments confirmed that CAPS/UNC-31 does not directly interact with complexin, implying an indirect regulatory mechanism. Moreover, complexin regulates activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, which is also UNC-31 dependent. The unexpected role of CAPS/UNC-31 in the absence of CPX-1 clamping function may underpin the synaptic E/I balance and coordinated behavioral outputs in different species.","PeriodicalId":49001,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Biology","volume":"23 2","pages":"e3003023"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11838871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

mRNA stability fine-tunes gene expression in the developing cortex to control neurogenesis.

IF 9.8 1区生物学

PLoS Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-06 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003031

Lucas D Serdar, Jacob R Egol, Brad Lackford, Brian D Bennett, Guang Hu, Debra L Silver

{"title":"mRNA stability fine-tunes gene expression in the developing cortex to control neurogenesis.","authors":"Lucas D Serdar, Jacob R Egol, Brad Lackford, Brian D Bennett, Guang Hu, Debra L Silver","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003031","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003031","url":null,"abstract":"RNA abundance is controlled by rates of synthesis and degradation. Although mis-regulation of RNA turnover is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, how it contributes to cortical development is largely unknown. Here, we discover the landscape of RNA stability regulation in the cerebral cortex and demonstrate that intact RNA decay machinery is essential for corticogenesis in vivo. We use SLAM-seq to measure RNA half-lives transcriptome-wide across multiple stages of cortical development. Leveraging these data, we discover cis-acting features associated with RNA stability and probe the relationship between RNA half-life and developmental expression changes. Notably, RNAs that are up-regulated across development tend to be more stable, while down-regulated RNAs are less stable. Using compound mouse genetics, we discover CNOT3, a core component of the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex linked to neurodevelopmental disease, is essential for cortical development. Conditional knockout of Cnot3 in neural progenitors and their progeny in the developing mouse cortex leads to severe microcephaly due to altered cell fate and p53-dependent apoptosis. Finally, we define the molecular targets of CNOT3, revealing it controls expression of poorly expressed, non-optimal mRNAs in the cortex, including cell cycle-related transcripts. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that fine-tuned control of RNA turnover is crucial for brain development.","PeriodicalId":49001,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Biology","volume":"23 2","pages":"e3003031"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11838918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HCNetlas: A reference database of human cell type-specific gene networks to aid disease genetic analyses.

IF 9.8 1区生物学

PLoS Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-05 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002702

Jiwon Yu, Junha Cha, Geon Koh, Insuk Lee

{"title":"HCNetlas: A reference database of human cell type-specific gene networks to aid disease genetic analyses.","authors":"Jiwon Yu, Junha Cha, Geon Koh, Insuk Lee","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3002702","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3002702","url":null,"abstract":"Cell type-specific actions of disease genes add a significant layer of complexity to the genetic architecture underlying diseases, obscuring our understanding of disease mechanisms. Single-cell omics have revealed the functional roles of genes at the cellular level, identifying cell types critical for disease progression. Often, a gene impact on disease through its altered network within specific cell types, rather than mere changes in expression levels. To explore the cell type-specific roles of disease genes, we developed HCNetlas (human cell network atlas), a resource cataloging cell type-specific gene networks (CGNs) for various healthy tissue cells. We also devised 3 network analysis methods to investigate cell type-specific functions of disease genes. These methods involve comparing HCNetlas CGNs with those derived from disease-affected tissue samples. These methods find that systemic lupus erythematosus genes predominantly function in myeloid cells, and Alzheimer's disease genes mainly play roles in inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Additionally, they suggest that many lung cancer-related genes may exert their roles in immune cells. These findings suggest that HCNetlas has the potential to link disease-associated genes to cell types of action, facilitating development of cell type-resolved diagnostics and therapeutic strategies for complex human diseases.","PeriodicalId":49001,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Biology","volume":"23 2","pages":"e3002702"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11798474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bacteriocin-like peptides encoded by a horizontally acquired island mediate Neisseria gonorrhoeae autolysis.

IF 9.8 1区生物学

PLoS Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-05 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003001

Katy Poncin, Samantha A McKeand, Hayley Lavender, Kacper Kurzyp, Odile B Harrison, Annabell Roberti, Charlotte Melia, Errin Johnson, Martin C J Maiden, David R Greaves, Rachel Exley, Christoph M Tang

{"title":"Bacteriocin-like peptides encoded by a horizontally acquired island mediate Neisseria gonorrhoeae autolysis.","authors":"Katy Poncin, Samantha A McKeand, Hayley Lavender, Kacper Kurzyp, Odile B Harrison, Annabell Roberti, Charlotte Melia, Errin Johnson, Martin C J Maiden, David R Greaves, Rachel Exley, Christoph M Tang","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003001","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003001","url":null,"abstract":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a human-specific pathogen that causes the important sexually transmitted infection, gonorrhoea, an inflammatory condition of the genitourinary tract. The bacterium is closely related to the meningococcus, a leading cause of bacterial meningitis. Both these invasive bacterial species undergo autolysis when in the stationary phase of growth. Autolysis is a form of programmed cell death (PCD) which is part of the life cycle of remarkably few bacteria and poses an evolutionary conundrum as altruistic death provides no obvious benefit for single-celled organisms. Here, we searched for genes present in these 2 invasive species but not in other members of the Neisseria genus. We identified a ~3.4 kb horizontally acquired region, we termed the nap island, which is largely restricted to the gonococcus and meningococcus. The nap island in the gonococcus encodes 3 cationic, bacteriocin-like peptides which have no detectable antimicrobial activity. Instead, the gonococcal Neisseria autolysis peptides (Naps) promote autolytic cell death when bacteria enter the stationary phase of growth. Furthermore, strains lacking the Naps exhibit reduced autolysis in assays of PCD. Expression of Naps is likely to be phase variable, explaining how PCD could have arisen in these important human pathogens. NapC also induces lysis of human cells, so the peptides are likely to have multiple roles during colonisation and disease. The acquisition of the nap island contributed to the emergence of PCD in the gonococcus and meningococcus and potentially to the appearance of invasive disease in Neisseria spp.","PeriodicalId":49001,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Biology","volume":"23 2","pages":"e3003001"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11798529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0