Ecosphere最新文献

{"title":"The role of tree traits in explaining throughfall variability in US forests","authors":"Edward Ayres","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70681","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Throughfall, precipitation that passes through the plant canopy or drips from canopy surfaces, represents the dominant input of water to most forests and is extremely spatially and temporally variable. Many plant traits can influence throughfall, but because measuring throughfall and a wide variety of plant traits is labor intensive, most previous studies have been limited to a small number of nearby sites and a small subset of plant traits. As a result, it remains unclear which tree traits are most important in influencing throughfall across a wide variety of forests. Here, this gap is addressed by combining three large datasets: (1) standardized multiyear throughfall data from across the United States; (2) high-resolution remotely sensed tree data, including individual crown delineations and tree species identity; and (3) plant traits data, resulting in colocated throughfall and trait data for 8385 rainy days from 53 collectors at 16 sites below 24 different tree species. This was used to train two machine learning models to predict throughfall ratio (throughfall/precipitation). The RF-1 model was driven solely by precipitation amount, the primary determinant of throughfall amount, while RF-20 retained precipitation amount but also included season and 17 tree crown, leaf, and life history traits. RF-20 had the best performance, predicting ~1-m² resolution daily throughfall ratio to ±22.5% of observed (20% accuracy improvement relative to RF-1), especially for precipitation amounts ≤17 mm, and exceeded the performance of RF-1 at 74% of the throughfall collectors. Precipitation amount, season, and five crown metrics including crown area, height, and height:width were, in order, the most important variables for model performance. Most of the remaining traits were moderately important. These findings can help optimize future studies when deciding which traits to monitor and which parameters might result in the biggest improvement of hydrological models that partition precipitation. Moreover, since several traits altered the amount of precipitation that throughfall accounted for by 5–10 percentage points, the findings can inform tree species selection to minimize the risk of unintended consequences for planted forests, which comprise almost 300 million ha globally with 3 million ha planted annually.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70681","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate response of soil nitrogen cycling-related enzyme activities to typhoon disturbance along a gap size gradient","authors":"Rui Cao,&nbsp;Naiyue Lv,&nbsp;Jiashun Luo,&nbsp;Haipeng Lin,&nbsp;Yutong Chen,&nbsp;Qingjun Ma,&nbsp;Zhihui Wang,&nbsp;Zhuang Wang,&nbsp;Lifeng Wang,&nbsp;Qin Wang,&nbsp;Xuebiao Pan,&nbsp;Wanqin Yang","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70692","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although heavy rainfall and the input of unsenescent litter produced by tropical cyclones can profoundly affect the activities of soil nitrogen (N) cycling-related enzymes in coastal mountain forest ecosystems in the short term, the immediate responses of these enzymes to typhoon disturbances and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we measured the absolute and biomass-specific activities of urease (URE), acid protease (ACP), glutaminase (GLS), nitrate reductase (NR), and nitrite reductase (NIR) in surface (0–10 cm) and subsurface (10–30 cm) soils from the closed canopy to large canopy gaps in a subtropical broadleaf forest in eastern China before and after the Super Typhoon Doksuri. One day after the typhoon, absolute and biomass-specific enzyme activities of the five enzymes decreased by 2.65%–89.9% and 9.0%–91.8%, respectively. However, biomass-specific enzyme activities recovered within 1 week, increasing by 35.1%–167.3%, whereas absolute enzyme activities exhibited limited recovery. Larger canopy gaps had negligible effects on the immediate response of absolute enzyme activities but significantly amplified the responses of biomass-specific activities. These immediate enzymatic responses were primarily driven by changes in soil carbon and nitrogen fractions, as well as microbial biomass, with distinct pathways of influence among enzyme types. In conclusion, typhoon disturbances can immediately suppress soil N cycling-related enzyme activities, whereas the recovery of biomass-specific enzyme activities is more sensitive to canopy gap size than that of absolute enzyme activities. These findings highlight the critical role of canopy structure in modulating microbial functional recovery following extreme weather events.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70692","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyberinfrastructure to support ecological forecasting challenges","authors":"R. Quinn Thomas,&nbsp;Carl Boettiger","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70682","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ecological forecasting challenges, formalized efforts to empower the ecology community to develop near-term iterative forecasts of yet-to-be-collected data, are a powerful tool to advance predictive capacities in ecology. The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Ecological Forecasting Challenge, which has processed over 82 million individual forecasts across 81 sites since 2021, exemplifies this approach. However, the cyberinfrastructure (CI) required to support such large-scale, community-driven forecasting efforts has not been fully described. Here, we present the design principles, technical implementation, and lessons learned from the CI developed for the NEON Challenge. This serverless, open-source platform automates key tasks, including target data generation, probabilistic forecast submission-processing, evaluation using proper scoring rules, and dissemination of results. The CI leverages cloud-native technologies, including Simple Storage Service (S3)-based storage, GitHub Actions, and Docker containers, to ensure scalability, reproducibility, and vendor-agnostic deployment. The CI also includes tools to reduce barriers for contributors, such as R packages for forecast submission, access to weather forecasts as model drivers, and tutorials. A dashboard and searchable catalog enhance transparency and accessibility. Our experience demonstrates that forecasting challenges can serve as focal points for community engagement, education, and synthesis. The modular design of the CI enables adaptation to new observatories and evolving technologies, providing a roadmap for future ecological forecasting efforts. By documenting this infrastructure, we aim to empower researchers to launch and sustain forecasting challenges that advance ecological understanding through prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70682","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extralimital records of the Macaroni Penguin in East Antarctica at multiple locations during the molting season","authors":"Benjamin Viola,&nbsp;Marcus Salton,&nbsp;Natacha Planque,&nbsp;Christophe Barbraud,&nbsp;Louise Emmerson","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70691","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Macaroni Penguins (<i>Eudyptes chrysolophus</i>) are abundant across sub-Antarctic islands but occur only rarely in East Antarctica. Here, we report three concurrent extralimital records of Macaroni Penguins well south of their typical distribution during the austral summer of 2023–2024. Two observations involved single individuals on continental East Antarctica, each within Adélie Penguin (<i>Pygoscelis adeliae</i>) colonies: one at Dumont d'Urville Station in January 2024 and another at Mawson Station in February 2024. The latter individual was actively molting and displayed behavior visually indistinguishable from surrounding molting Adélie Penguins. A third record comprised 16 Macaroni Penguins observed feeding at the surface in a mixed-species aggregation during northward transit from Antarctica in March 2024. These records coincided with an austral summer characterized by record-low sea ice extent and anomalously warm ocean conditions. Although Macaroni Penguin vagrancy to East Antarctica has been documented previously, such records remain sparse, and multiple sightings within the same season are of particular interest. The observations presented here contribute additional natural history information on the species' occurrence, behavior, and potential use of coastal Antarctic habitats beyond its recognized range.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70691","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reef fish assemblages impacted by sponges overgrowing corals","authors":"Saúl González-Murcia,&nbsp;Merrick Ekins,&nbsp;Christopher N. Battershill,&nbsp;Geoffrey P. Jones","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70667","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Numerous stressors are driving long-term declines in coral cover on coral reefs, significantly impacting reef fish biodiversity and community structure. The benthic space made available by declining coral cover is often occupied by increases in other organisms, including macroalgae, encrusting ascidians, and sponges. Using a combined observational and experimental approach, we examined whether encrusting sponges impact fish communities as they replace corals on degraded reefs. First, fish assemblages were compared across 36 quadrats (3 × 3 m) with sponge cover ranging from 0% to 60%, primarily comprised of the species <i>Lamellodysidea</i> cf. <i>chlorea</i> and <i>Lamellodysidea</i> sp. Second, we quantified fish responses to the experimental removal of sponges from 12 additional quadrats with high sponge cover (&gt;20%). High sponge cover (&gt;20%) was associated with a significant reduction in fish abundance (39% fewer individuals) and species richness (26% fewer species) compared to areas with lower sponge coverage. While these differences showed some correlation with reduced substratum complexity, they were independent of coral cover and depth. Distinct fish communities were associated with high and low sponge coverage. High-sponge areas were dominated by larger species, such as the surgeonfish <i>Ctenochaetus tominiensis</i>, damselfishes <i>Neoglyphidodon nigroris</i> and <i>Amblyglyphidodon leucogaster</i>, and snapper <i>Lutjanus biguttatus</i>. In contrast, areas with less than 20% sponge cover primarily hosted smaller cryptobenthic and coral-associated fish species. Interestingly, experimental sponge removal did not affect overall fish abundance or species richness after 100 days, as both removal and control sites showed similar temporal increases. However, significant differences in fish community composition emerged within just 7 days post-removal. High-sponge areas retained distinct assemblages, containing 42 exclusive species (38% of total), including characteristic residents like <i>Ctenochaetus binotatus</i>, <i>N. nigroris</i>, and <i>L. biguttatus</i>. Conversely, sponge removal zones attracted 18 unique species (21%), predominantly generalist and rubble-associated fishes such as <i>Pomacentrus aurifrons</i> and <i>Apogon neotes</i>, revealing rapid but transient shifts in community structure following habitat modification. These results indicate that encrusting sponges exert a substantial influence on local fish assemblages. The differences between the observational and experimental results likely reflect both long-term and short-term effects of encrusting sponges on coral reef fish communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70667","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the predation paradox for the Wood Thrush, a declining Neotropical migrant","authors":"Melanie L. Klein,&nbsp;David I. King,&nbsp;Katherine Straley,&nbsp;Paige S. Warren","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70684","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite an increased density of mid-trophic level predators in urban and suburban areas compared to rural areas, the survival of smaller prey animals, including the eggs and chicks of nesting songbirds, often remains relatively high in these areas. Understanding this seemingly counterintuitive set of patterns (i.e., “the predation paradox”) has important scientific and conservation value, especially for species experiencing population declines. We surveyed the nest predator community and modeled nest survival of a declining Neotropical migrant, the Wood Thrush (<i>Hylocichla mustelina</i>), in urban/suburban and rural forests in western Massachusetts. Generalized linear models showed higher counts of potential predators, based on 444 point count surveys, and more potential predators per trap night, based on 100 trail camera surveys, in the urban/suburban forests, compared to the rural forests. We used RMark to model the survival of 253 Wood Thrush nests found over five field seasons. Our results indicated that nest survival of Wood Thrush in our study areas was not significantly different between urban/suburban and rural nests. To further investigate predation patterns, we used video monitoring to observe predators at Wood Thrush nests. This yielded identification of a suite of at least 11 predator species, including sciurids and diurnal raptors. Our results are consistent with previous findings of instances of the predation paradox with other species and in other regions. We discuss some of the hypotheses that have been proposed to account for the predation paradox, including compositional changes in the predator community and the consumption of subsidies by potential nest predators. Our results add to a growing body of work improving our understanding of urban trophic dynamics and offer support for the conservation value of urban/suburban forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70684","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exclusion of dominant grasses from a prairie seed mix has long-term impacts on species richness and ecosystem properties","authors":"Daniel L. Hernández,&nbsp;Sydney Marie Jones,&nbsp;Mark J. McKone","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70689","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Establishing and maintaining high species diversity in ecological restorations has benefits for species conservation and the provisioning of ecosystem services. However, restored systems are often characterized by lower diversity than their remnant counterparts. In tallgrass prairie restorations, a few species can become increasingly dominant over time even in high-diversity plantings. Increasing dominance can result in lower overall species diversity compared to remnant prairies, with consequences for ecosystem characteristics and community dynamics. Several methods have been proposed to reduce these impacts of dominant species, including reduced seed quantity of the dominant species at the time of planting and selective removal of dominant species biomass. However, fully excluding dominant species from the seed mix has rarely been considered as a restoration approach and the long-term community and ecosystem impacts of this strategy are unknown. To assess the effects of dominant grass exclusion on the succession of tallgrass prairie restorations, we established high-diversity plantings (~85 species in the seed mix) that experimentally included or excluded two codominant C₄ grasses, <i>Andropogon gerardii</i> and <i>Sorghastrum nutans</i>, during initial seeding. Plots without seeded dominants had higher species richness than plots with seeded dominants 13 years after planting. Plots seeded without dominant grasses also maintained distinct ecosystem characteristics related to carbon and nutrient cycling, including higher light availability at the soil surface, lower root biomass, and lower soil carbon concentrations, respiration rates, and soil moisture content. These differences in community composition and ecosystem characteristics were maintained despite dominant grass dispersal (primarily by <i>S. nutans</i>) into plots where dominants were not planted. Dominant grass colonization of control plots changed the relative aboveground biomass of plant groups, but did not decrease the biomass of planted forbs or subdominant grasses. Rather, the introduction of <i>S. nutans</i> was correlated with a decline in abundance of the weedy native unplanted forb, <i>Solidago altissima</i>. Thus, seeding tallgrass prairie restorations without dominant grasses may produce higher diversity plantings for at least a decade after establishment, with no additional cost or management effort required.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70689","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of long-term nitrogen addition on two dominant species in a drought-prone Mediterranean forest","authors":"Cinta Sabaté-Gil,&nbsp;Romà Ogaya,&nbsp;Laura Márquez,&nbsp;Àngela Ribas,&nbsp;Josep Peñuelas","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70606","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to assess the long-term effects of nitrogen (N) addition on recruitment, growth, survival, and physiological responses in <i>Quercus ilex</i> and <i>Phillyrea latifolia</i>, two codominant species typical in the Mediterranean forests. Here, we present a 9-year N addition experiment (20 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, δ¹⁵N-enriched) in an N-limited, drought-prone Mediterranean forest. We show that <i>Q. ilex</i> recruitment increased 19-fold under N addition, whereas <i>P. latifolia</i> recruitment declined sixfold. In the denser forest stands, N addition under no water stress increased the total basal area for both species, with greater increments for <i>Q. ilex</i> with a 32% growth increase. Survival analyses revealed a size-dependent mortality risk, with smaller stems exhibiting 13-fold (for <i>Q. ilex</i>) and twofold (for <i>P. latifolia</i>) higher mortality rates, yet independent of N addition. Physiologically, under N addition both species increased their photosynthetic potential but <i>Q. ilex</i> experienced a significant decline in leaf water potential, suggesting increased vulnerability to hydraulic failure. Foliar δ¹⁵N enrichment was observed only under high water availability, indicating enhanced N uptake efficiency under these conditions. These findings suggest that N addition might shift species composition in Mediterranean forests, favoring <i>Q. ilex</i> but increasing its physiological stress under projected aridification. Our results highlight species-specific effects of N addition and water stress, which should be prioritized to inform adaptive forest management.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70606","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cattle foraging on milkweed: Intra-seasonal herbivory shifts and implications for monarch butterfly conservation","authors":"Ellysa R. Johnson,&nbsp;Jason P. Harmon,&nbsp;Torre J. Hovick,&nbsp;Travis Seaborn,&nbsp;Katherine C. Kral-O'Brien,&nbsp;Kevin K. Sedivec","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70680","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Managing milkweed (<i>Asclepias</i> spp.) is of high conservation concern due to its association with monarch butterflies (<i>Danaus plexippus</i> L.), which are proposed for listing under the Endangered Species Act. To counteract monarch declines, conservation goals aim to establish ≥1.6 billion nonagricultural milkweed stems within the Midwestern United States. Rangelands offer a unique opportunity to promote milkweed within the eastern migratory monarch range, but in grazed rangelands, little is known about the influence of herbivory on milkweed. To learn more about cattle−milkweed interactions, we measured the abundances of ungrazed and grazed milkweed stems in North Dakota mixed-grass prairie rangelands throughout the growing seasons of 2021 and 2022. We counted stems in three different grazing management strategies: (1) modified twice-over rest-rotation grazing (MTORG), (2) patch-burn grazing (PBG), and (3) season-long continuous grazing (SLG). We found that total available (ungrazed plus grazed) and grazed oval-leaf milkweed (<i>Asclepias ovalifolia</i> Dcne.) were much rarer than other milkweeds, which included common (<i>A. syriaca</i> L.), showy (<i>A. speciosa</i> Torr.), and their hybrids (common/showy milkweed). Cattle grazed only 2% of oval-leaf but 13% of common/showy milkweed stems across all grazing strategies. However, the amount of grazing increased as the growing season progressed, and common/showy milkweed went from 3% of stems being grazed to upwards of 30% of stems being grazed at the end of the season. Oval-leaf and common/showy milkweed total availability was impacted by grazing strategy, with MTORG and PBG generally having greater abundances than SLG. Only the number of grazed common/showy milkweed was impacted by grazing strategy, with MTORG having more grazed stems compared to PBG and SLG. Our results indicate that consumption was not solely a function of stem availability, as herbivory of common/showy milkweed increased throughout the grazing season despite availability not changing. Overall, we found that cattle herbivory of milkweed differed by milkweed species and through the growing season, with some changes due to management. Reducing grazing pressure later in the summer where common/showy milkweed is abundant will improve monarch butterfly conservation in rangelands by moderating cattle−milkweed interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70680","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience and plant growth forms 40 years after a volcanic disturbance","authors":"Dylan G. Fischer,&nbsp;Joseph Antos,&nbsp;Donald Zobel","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70583","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Resilience represents a critical concept in ecology; yet, quantitative assessment of resilience in response to disturbance is rare, even for widely recognized growth forms. Plant groups based on deciduousness, clonality, morphology, and Raunkiaer life form could predict inertia to major disturbances and subsequent resilience. Measurement of plant responses to tephra deposition from the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens (USA) provides an excellent opportunity to evaluate differences in resilience among groups of forest understory species near the world's most-studied volcano. We use data from four sites, and &gt;600 plots, quantifying resilience among different plant growth forms during 40 years of post-disturbance succession. We found that inertia to the disturbance was initially higher in non-clonal evergreen plants. Similarly, plant deciduousness provided the strongest predictive weight for post-disturbance recovery. Nevertheless, resilience, as a standalone measure, was not predictable by any plant growth form or by inertia. Values of resilience based on multivariate ordinations suggested potential variation in hysteresis and homeostasis among groups. Quantification of resilience in both two-dimensional and multivariate contexts represents a significant advancement in resilience ecology. Such methods may be broadly applicable to other ecosystems, provided a measure of pre-disturbance conditions is available.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}