Ecosphere最新文献

{"title":"Pre- and postinfection priority effects have contrasting outcomes for parasite prevalence in host populations","authors":"Joshua I. Brian","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70208","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Parasite species frequently co-occur more or less than expected by chance. These nonrandom co-occurrence patterns can be driven by pre- or postinfection priority effects: parasites are more or less likely to attempt infection in a host already infected by another parasite species or may have higher or lower establishment and survival in hosts already infected by another parasite species. How these two types of priority effects differentially affect parasite distributions at the host population level remains unexplored. Using a probabilistic state transition diagram parameterized with field data and analyzed with two simulation methods, I show that the two types of priority effects lead to contrasting outcomes at the host population level. As preinfection priority effects transition from facilitation to inhibition, uninfected hosts decrease by up to 39%, and hosts infected by both parasites decrease by up to 84%, with concomitant increases in single infections by either parasite species. In contrast, as postinfection priority effects transition from facilitation to inhibition, the proportion of uninfected hosts remains unchanged, but the proportion of hosts infected by both parasites decreases by up to 89%, with increases in hosts singly infected by the first-arriving parasite. Interactions between parasites at the within-host level and the specific nature of those interactions alter infection patterns at the host population level.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotypic differences in drought-coping ability in an endemic California oak","authors":"Sushmita Poudel,&nbsp;Erika S. Zavaleta,&nbsp;Blair C. McLaughlin","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70189","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The frequency and severity of drought in the Western United States have significantly increased. California endemic blue oaks (<i>Quercus douglasii</i>) are predicted to be negatively impacted by extreme drought and are already experiencing dieback in the driest areas of their distribution. To explore whether there is drought-adaptive variation among blue oak populations, we conducted a greenhouse common garden drought experiment with seedlings from five sites along a range-wide precipitation gradient. We investigated seedling performance under experimental drought (fluorescence/maximum fluorescence [Fv/Fm], stomatal conductance, and leaf desiccation). We measured physiological and morphological traits, including average leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf margin morphology, C:N, and carbon isotope discrimination (δ¹³C, a proxy for water use efficiency). We used generalized linear mixed models to understand the relationship between seedling performance and traits, and the mean annual precipitation (MAP) of the seedling source site. We found significant relationships between source site MAP and Fv/Fm, percent of green leaves, and plant stomatal conductance, with plants from drier source sites performing better under the experimental drought. Seedlings from drier sites also had a lower C:N ratio, consistent with adaptation to more arid environments. Our study points to population-level variation in seedling drought adaptation. Climate-forward conservation strategies that conserve or leverage drought-adaptive genetic resources from the species' threatened dry range edge could support climate change resilience in a future drier environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorous fertilization and soil pH affect the growth of deciduous trees in a temperate hardwood forest","authors":"Lydia V. Jahn,&nbsp;Sarah R. Carrino-Kyker,&nbsp;Alexa R. Busby,&nbsp;David J. Burke","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70184","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forest ecosystems with altered nutrient limitations are a common legacy of acidic deposition in North America. Continued acidic deposition has lowered soil pH and revealed phosphorus (P) limitations in many temperate forest ecosystems. Previous studies exploring P limitations or co-limitations are often short term, and thus may potentially show a response to limitation that is not sustained over time. To better understand how a forest's response to P limitation and acidic deposition can change over time, we added P, limestone to raise pH, and a cross-treatment where both P and limestone were added to 3 different northeastern Ohio forest stands over a 12-year period. We tracked diameter at breast height of the trees annually, conducted foliar nutrient analyses, and collected tree roots to assess treatment impacts on mycorrhizal colonization. We analyzed our dataset in three sections: the first 6 years after manipulation, the latter 6 years, and the entire 12-year period. These sections allowed us to compare differences between early responses to manipulation and later responses. Here, we found that P additions increased basal area growth across multiple species and throughout the entire study, confirming that our forest trees are P-limited. Cross-treatments similarly increased basal area growth, but not as much as P additions alone. Some species saw waning effects of treatment in the second half of the study. This could be due to changes in weather patterns, an adjustment of the study system's equilibrium, or the emergence of beech leaf disease in 2014, which has led to the decline of <i>Fagus grandifolia</i>. Early successional species such as <i>Acer rubrum</i> began to benefit from treatments after beech leaf disease killed canopy <i>F. grandifolia</i> trees, perhaps first being light-limited, but later able to take advantage of the nutrient additions and pH alteration of their soils. Our results suggest that in forests subject to acidic deposition, soil P may co-limit tree growth, but responses are species dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal interactions facilitate sympatry in a diverse mammalian community","authors":"Vratika Chaudhary,&nbsp;Varun R. Goswami,&nbsp;Chandan Ri,&nbsp;James E. Hines,&nbsp;Madan K. Oli","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding mechanisms underlying coexistence among potential competitors, and between predators and prey, is a persistent challenge in community ecology. Using 6 years (2013–2018) of camera-trapping data and species interaction models, we investigated the spatiotemporal patterns of inter- and intra-guild interspecific interactions in a diverse terrestrial mammalian community in Pakke Wildlife Sanctuary and Tiger Reserve (PTR), Northeast India. We found no evidence of spatial interaction among apex predators (tiger <i>Panthera tigris</i>, leopard <i>Panthera pardus</i>, and dhole <i>Cuon alpinus</i>). However, dholes temporally separated themselves from tigers and leopards. Among small carnivores, marbled cat (<i>Pardofelis marmorata</i>) and leopard cat (<i>Prionailurus bengalensis</i>) exhibited temporal separation, whereas leopard cat overlapped spatially and temporally with other small carnivores. Herbivores exhibited neither spatial nor temporal separation with each other. All apex predators exhibited diel activity and space-use patterns to overlap with their preferred prey. Our results suggest that the assembly of the diverse mammalian community of PTR is a complex process, and coexistence among potential competitors, and predators and prey is likely facilitated by several mechanisms including spatial and temporal segregation, and potentially dietary separation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories and agents of binding in stabilized and unstabilized coral rubble across environmental gradients","authors":"Tania M. Kenyon,&nbsp;Peter J. Mumby,&nbsp;Gregory E. Webb,&nbsp;Sophie Dove,&nbsp;Steven P. Newman,&nbsp;Christopher Doropoulos","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70195","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Natural ecosystems are routinely impacted by acute disturbances that generate space for early colonizers. Following disturbances, the interaction strengths of top-down and bottom-up factors across environmental gradients influence community succession. On coral reefs, rubble beds commonly form following major disturbances and can persist for decades. Yet, there is little understanding of the successional pathways that lead to rubble binding—where rubble is bound and consolidated to form stable substrate suitable for coral recruitment—and subsequent coral recovery. This study used observational and experimental methods to determine: (1) binding likelihood in unstabilized in situ rubble beds 2.5 years following a coral bleaching event in 2016 in the Maldives, and how it varied according to rubble characteristics across environmental gradients; and (2) how the number of binds and binder community composition on experimentally stabilized rubble varied temporally over 1.5 years across environmental gradients. Surveys of rubble beds found that binding was lowest on the reef flat (8% of rubble was bound) and highest at exposed deeper sites (38%), where flow appears low enough to maintain rubble stability but high enough to support binder growth. When experimentally stabilized, ~100% of rubble was bound by at least one bind within 6 months. Yet, while the number of binds per rubble piece in experimental units continued to increase over time on the reef slope, it remained low on the reef flat, and binder community composition was distinct between reef flat and slope—likely due to higher sediment transport on the reef flat. Community composition also was distinct between exposed and cryptic rubble microhabitats. On reefs where rubble is mobilized more frequently than every 6 months, rubble beds will likely have low binding potential and delayed coral recruitment. Where sediment flux and deposition is high, recovery is unlikely even if rubble is actively stabilized. In contrast, infrequently mobilized areas with lower sediment flux are more likely to facilitate natural binding and coral recovery, and thus may not require intervention. Our findings can help to effectively guide managers toward the best strategies that facilitate the recovery of rubble-dominated coral reefs, while optimizing limited intervention resources through careful prioritization.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in thermal tolerance plasticity and the costs of heat exposure in the estuarine sea hare, Phyllaplysia taylori","authors":"Richelle L. Tanner,&nbsp;Rauri C. K. Bowie,&nbsp;Cynthia Y. Wang-Claypool,&nbsp;Jonathon H. Stillman","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70191","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change is increasing average temperatures and the frequency and intensity of thermal extremes in coastal marine environments. Organisms in coastal marine habitats are accustomed to environmental fluctuations and possess physiological plasticity that may be advantageous in response to increased occurrence of extremes. To examine whether such plasticity is locally adapted to environmental conditions, we investigated the relationship between genetic diversity and thermal tolerance plasticity in 11 populations of the direct-developing intertidal sea hare, <i>Phyllaplysia taylori</i>, on the western coast of the United States. Using whole-organism metrics of muscle function and metabolic rate and a ddRADseq genomic approach, we were unable to identify correlations between heat tolerance and underlying genetics on a population or individual level. <i>P. taylori</i> from all locations consistently exhibited critical thermal maxima (CT_max) above habitat temperatures (CT_max ranged from 24 to 35°C, average = 30.1 ± 0.2°C; average habitat temperature across habitats ranged from 12 to 20°C, average = 17 ± 2.7°C). We found little evidence for genetic distinctions between populations and high overall genetic diversity, suggesting more gene flow across long distances than was expected from their direct development life history strategy. The breadth of acclimation capacity we observed (11°C) was substantially wider than that reported for other poikilothermic taxa in the literature and did not follow a latitudinal cline. Our findings suggest that high plasticity of thermal tolerance exists across all populations and genetic panmixia is occurring despite life history limitations; thus, heat tolerance traits may not be under positive selection in <i>P. taylori</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variable effects of wildlife and livestock on questing tick abundance across a topographical–climatic gradient","authors":"Stephanie Copeland,&nbsp;Samantha Sambado,&nbsp;Devyn Orr,&nbsp;An Bui,&nbsp;Andrea Swei,&nbsp;Hillary S. Young","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70190","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Large-bodied wild ungulates are declining worldwide, while domestic livestock continue to increase in abundance. Such changes in large herbivore communities should have strong effects on the control of ticks and tick-borne disease as they can indirectly modify habitat and directly serve as final hosts for ticks' lifecycles. Numerous studies have now linked changing ungulate communities to changes in tick populations and disease risk. However, the effects of changing large herbivore communities are variable across studies, and the effect of climate as a mediating factor of this variation remains poorly understood. Also, studies to date have largely focused on wildlife loss without considering the extent to which livestock additions may alter tick populations, even though livestock replacement of wildlife is the global norm. In this study, we used a large-scale exclosure experiment replicated along a topo-climatic gradient to examine the effects on tick populations of both large herbivore removal and livestock additions. We found that while questing ticks increased modestly, by 21%, when large herbivores were removed from a system they decreased more substantially, by 50%, when livestock (in the form of cattle) were added. Importantly, in addition to the direct effects of climate on tick populations, climate also mediates the effect of ungulates on questing tick density. Particularly, the addition of livestock under the most arid conditions decreased tick presence, likely due to changes in ground-level microclimates away from those beneficial to ticks. Overall, the work contributes to our understanding of tick population responses to globally common human-induced rangeland alterations under the concurrent effects of climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale spatial dependency of small mammal diversity patterns and their determinants","authors":"Kenneth Otieno Onditi,&nbsp;Wenyu Song,&nbsp;Zhongzheng Chen,&nbsp;Xueyou Li,&nbsp;Quan Li,&nbsp;Noé U. de la Sancha,&nbsp;Simon Musila,&nbsp;Xuelong Jiang","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70179","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Animals perceive their ecosystems at multiple spatial scales such that the pattern–process relationships that determine their ecological and evolutionary opportunities are also spatially variable. Understanding how spatial scale impacts our observations of ecological and evolutionary patterns and processes is therefore crucial for effective biodiversity management. In this study, using a comprehensive dataset of small mammals from primary field surveys supplemented with literature data across Kenya, we investigated the effects of spatial scale on the distribution patterns of taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity indices. We also tested how relationships between taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity and various environmental and anthropogenic variables change across spatial scales. The results showed that with increasing spatial scale, species richness and phylogenetic and functional richness consistently increased. Community-wide mean pairwise distance indices for phylogenetic and functional dimensions also increased, while fine-scale mean nearest taxon distance indices decreased. Notably, community structure indices exhibited nonmonotonic patterns across spatial scales. The associations between diversity patterns and environmental and human covariates increased with scale but were more variable and complex across regions. These findings highlight a negative correlation between spatial scale and phylogenetic and functional divergence while reinforcing the species-area hypotheses for richness-dependent diversity indices. Identifying the optimal scales of field studies and conservational actions must factor in the species group of interest and the geographical context.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing fire regimes in the Great Basin USA","authors":"Eva K. Strand,&nbsp;Kori Blankenship,&nbsp;Corey Gucker,&nbsp;Mark Brunson,&nbsp;Eugénie MontBlanc","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70203","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wildfire is a natural disturbance in landscapes of the Western United States, but the effects and extents of fire are changing. Differences between historical and contemporary fire regimes can help identify reasons for observed changes in landscape composition. People living and working in the Great Basin, USA, are observing altered fire conditions, but spatial information about the degree and direction of change and departure from historical fire regimes is lacking. This study estimates how fire regimes have changed in the major Great Basin vegetation types over the past 60 years with comparisons to historical (pre-1900) fire regimes. We explore potential drivers of fire regime changes using existing spatial data and analysis. Across vegetation types, wildfires were larger and more frequent in the contemporary period (1991–2020) than in the recent past (1961–1990). Contemporary fires were more frequent than historical in two of three ecoregions for the most widespread vegetation type, basin and Wyoming big sagebrush. Increases in fire frequency also occurred in saltbush, greasewood, and blackbrush shrublands, although current fire return intervals remain on the order of centuries. Persistent juniper and pinyon pine woodlands burned more frequently in contemporary times than in historical times. Fire frequency was relatively unchanged in mixed dwarf sagebrush shrublands, suggesting they remain fuel-limited. Results suggest that quaking aspen woodlands may be burning less frequently now than historically, but more frequently in the contemporary period than in the recent past. We found that increased fire occurrence in the Great Basin is associated with increased abundance and extent of nonnative annual grasses and areas with high concentrations of anthropogenic ignitions. Findings support the need for continuing efforts to reduce fire occurrences in Great Basin plant communities experiencing excess fire and to implement treatments in communities experiencing fire deficits. Results underscore the importance of anthropogenic ignitions and discuss more targeted education and prevention efforts. Knowledge about signals of fire regime changes across the region can support effective deployment of resources to protect or restore plant communities and human values.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of urban and agricultural landscape contexts on forest diversity and structure across ecoregions","authors":"John Paul Schmit,&nbsp;Lea R. Johnson,&nbsp;Matthew Baker,&nbsp;Lindsay Darling,&nbsp;Robert Fahey,&nbsp;Dexter H. Locke,&nbsp;Anita T. Morzillo,&nbsp;Nancy F. Sonti,&nbsp;Tara L. E. Trammell,&nbsp;Myla F. J. Aronson,&nbsp;Michelle L. Johnson","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70188","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forest patches in urban landscapes make outsized contributions to biodiversity, ecosystem function, and human health and well-being. However, urbanization can alter environmental conditions that underpin forest health. Most studies of forest health in urban landscapes have focused on few forest patches across a single metropolitan region, and synthesis is needed to understand broader patterns. We assessed variation among measures of forest health across land cover gradients and ecoregions by determining (1) whether the degree of urban, agricultural, and forested land surrounding a forest patch was reflected in differences in tree community composition, diversity, and structure and (2) whether these differences were consistent across ecoregions. We synthesized data from 17 observational studies (3334 plots) and remotely sensed land cover (1-km buffer) across four metropolitan regions (Baltimore–Washington DC, Chicago, New York City, and Philadelphia) spanning five ecoregions of the eastern deciduous forest of North America. Land cover surrounding forest patches differed among ecoregions, and forests were surrounded by heterogeneous land cover even in the most urbanized areas. Patterns of tree species composition and forest structure reflected landscape context. Forest patches surrounded by high canopy cover had greater or equal tree species diversity, density, basal area, and diversity of tree sizes relative to patches surrounded by highly agricultural or highly impervious landscapes. In contrast, there was little difference in structure and diversity between forests in highly agricultural and impervious settings. Tree species composition varied among ecoregions, yet tree community assemblages of forests in intensively urbanized areas were consistently distinct from those of forests in other contexts. Forest patches in the most urban and most agricultural landscapes shared predominantly native species communities and were characterized by low tree species diversity, basal area, and size class diversity, as well as high non-native tree abundance, highlighting commonalities among these intensive anthropogenic landscapes. These results point to both common challenges to forest health and common opportunities for forest stewardship in urban and agricultural landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}