Ecosphere最新文献

{"title":"Using habitat suitability modeling to integrate ecosystem-based approaches for mangrove restoration site selection","authors":"Rodolfo Jaffé,&nbsp;Carrie Paul-Gorsline,&nbsp;Molly McDermott,&nbsp;Shannon Fluharty,&nbsp;Ismail Al-Shaikh,&nbsp;Sabrina L. Skeat,&nbsp;Umarfarooq A. Abdulwahab,&nbsp;Lis Nelis,&nbsp;Benjamin D. Jaffe","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mangrove forest restoration can improve services and functions across associated coastal ecosystems. However, the effectiveness of mangrove restoration efforts is highly dependent on knowing the locations and habitat requirements of target species within the landscape of interest. Habitat suitability models are powerful tools that identify suitable environmental conditions and reduce the risk of poor site selection. When coupled with information on potential future climate conditions, land-use conflicts, and co-benefits (e.g., biodiversity), these models can be used to identify and prioritize areas that meet multiple stakeholder objectives and help implement a broader ecosystem-based approach to restoration. In this study, we coupled habitat suitability models with machine learning to assess present and future habitat suitability of mangrove forests across the Arabian Gulf. We then incorporated land-use and marine habitat data from Qatar to prioritize areas for mangrove restoration in a country where mangroves constitute the only type of forest. All the tested machine learning models (artificial neural networks, boosted regression trees, random forest, Maxent, and Maxnet) showed high predictive performance, but the percentage of contributions of each environmental predictor differed across the models. Important predictors of mangrove habitat suitability in Qatar included elevation, slope, distance to coastline, temperature, and precipitation. While most models predicted a future reduction in suitable habitat for mangrove forests in the country and across the region, there were suitable sites in Qatar located within currently protected areas. We identified several potential areas of high restoration impact (i.e., high present and future suitability, far from urban areas, and closest to live coral areas) across the northwest side of Qatar. These results demonstrate that habitat suitability modeling can be paired with information on land-use restrictions, proximity to infrastructure, and other ecosystems to integrate an ecosystem-based approach to guide restoration site selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil characteristics at artificial salt licks and their potential impacts on occurrence of chronic wasting disease","authors":"Line Tau Strand,&nbsp;Vegard Martinsen,&nbsp;Kjersti Selstad Utaaker,&nbsp;Marie Davey,&nbsp;Geir Rune Rauset,&nbsp;Olav Strand,&nbsp;Judd Aiken,&nbsp;Alsu Kuznetsova,&nbsp;Bjørnar Ytrehus","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70221","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Salt lick sites, where artificial salt blocks are placed at permanent locations, are common in summer grazing areas for free-ranging sheep in Norwegian mountains. These areas often overlap with areas used by wild reindeer, and reindeer are frequently observed at these salt lick sites. The first cases of chronic wasting disease (CWD) were discovered among Norwegian wild reindeer in 2016, and salt lick sites were presumed to be hotspots for the transmission of CWD. In this study, we compare soil properties at salt lick and nearby control sites not affected by salt blocks and review how salt-induced changes may influence the persistence and transmission of CWD. Three wild reindeer areas were studied: one CWD-affected area, Nordfjella, and two areas without CWD, Knutshø and Forollhogna. The soils at the salt lick sites were strongly influenced by dissolving salt blocks and increased animal activity. The salt lick sites had higher pH and ionic strength and increased levels of sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iodine (I), reflecting the composition of the salt blocks. The increased animal activity was reflected in eroded topsoil causing less soil organic matter (SOM), and there were higher amounts of elements related to defecation and urination, giving higher concentrations of inorganic nitrogen (Inorg-N), phosphate (PO₄-P), sulfate (SO₄-S), and potassium (K) as well as high gastrointestinal parasite frequency and diversity. The high salt content in the salt lick soils may stimulate geophagy, and as the soil is heavily contaminated by animal excretions, this may facilitate prion transmission. In addition, the high pH and ionic strength in the salt lick soils increase both the cation attraction and anion diffusion toward the soil particles, thereby facilitating both persistence and transmission of CWD. There was an increase in salinity at the salt lick sites in a gradient from west to east, most likely related to the coinciding decrease in precipitation. This suggests that if the use of permanent salt lick sites is discontinued, the salt lick sites in the east will maintain their attraction for congregating animals and geophagy longer than the western sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing mangrove canopy height and health changes in Puerto Rico post-Hurricane Maria using remote-sensing techniques","authors":"Jahnelle Howe,&nbsp;Shakila Merchant,&nbsp;William J. Hernández,&nbsp;Jeffery Pessutti,&nbsp;Peter Groffman","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70226","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mangroves are critically important ecosystems that are highly vulnerable to hurricanes. This study assessed the impact of Hurricane Maria on mangrove canopy heights and vegetation at two sites in Puerto Rico—La Parguera (southwest) and the Northeast Ecological Corridor (northeast)—and examined factors influencing recovery. Using remote sensing techniques, including light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) analysis, we quantified canopy height loss and vegetation health changes over time. Results show a significant reduction in canopy height immediately after the hurricane, with greater damage in the Northeast Corridor site than in the La Parguera site. NDVI analysis revealed site-specific variation in post-hurricane recovery, with some areas exceeding pre-hurricane vegetation health despite initial losses. Recovery patterns appeared to be linked to pre-storm canopy height and potential human disturbances, such as land-use change and hydrologic alteration. The integration of LiDAR and NDVI provided complementary insights, with LiDAR capturing structural damage and NDVI reflecting vegetation health dynamics. This study highlights the value of remote sensing in evaluating mangrove resilience and identifying factors influencing recovery after extreme weather events.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking ecological insights from sub-seasonal visible-to-shortwave infrared imaging spectroscopy: The SHIFT campaign","authors":"K. Dana Chadwick,&nbsp;Frank Davis,&nbsp;Kimberley R. Miner,&nbsp;Ryan Pavlick,&nbsp;Mark Reynolds,&nbsp;Philip A. Townsend,&nbsp;Philip G. Brodrick,&nbsp;Christiana Ade,&nbsp;Jean Allen,&nbsp;Leander Anderegg,&nbsp;Yoseline Angel,&nbsp;Indra Boving,&nbsp;Kristin B. Byrd,&nbsp;Petya Campbell,&nbsp;Luke Carberry,&nbsp;Katherine C. Cavanaugh,&nbsp;Kyle C. Cavanaugh,&nbsp;Kelly Easterday,&nbsp;Regina Eckert,&nbsp;Michelle Gierach,&nbsp;Kaitlin Gold,&nbsp;Erin Hestir,&nbsp;Fred Huemmrich,&nbsp;Maggie Klope,&nbsp;Raymond F Kokaly,&nbsp;Piper Lovegreen,&nbsp;Kelly Luis,&nbsp;Conor McMahon,&nbsp;Nicholas Nidzieko,&nbsp;Francisco Ochoa,&nbsp;Anna Jiselle Ongjoco,&nbsp;Elsa Ordway,&nbsp;Madeleine Pascolini-Campbell,&nbsp;Natalie Queally,&nbsp;Dar A. Roberts,&nbsp;Clare M. Saiki,&nbsp;Fabian D. Schneider,&nbsp;Alexey N. Shiklomanov,&nbsp;Germán D. Silva,&nbsp;Jordan Snyder,&nbsp;Michele Thornton,&nbsp;Anna T. Trugman,&nbsp;Nidhi Vinod,&nbsp;Ting Zheng,&nbsp;Dulcinea M. Avouris,&nbsp;Brianna Baker,&nbsp;Latha Baskaran,&nbsp;Tom Bell,&nbsp;Megan Berg,&nbsp;Michael Bernas,&nbsp;Niklas Bohn,&nbsp;Renato K. Braghiere,&nbsp;Zach Breuer,&nbsp;Andrew J. Brooks,&nbsp;Nolan Burkard,&nbsp;Julia Burmistrova,&nbsp;Kerry Cawse-Nicholson,&nbsp;John Chapman,&nbsp;Johana Chazaro-Haraksin,&nbsp;Joel Cryer,&nbsp;K. C. Cushman,&nbsp;Kyla Dahlin,&nbsp;Phuong D. Dao,&nbsp;Athena DiBartolo,&nbsp;Michael Eastwood,&nbsp;Clayton D. Elder,&nbsp;Angela Giordani,&nbsp;Kathleen Grant,&nbsp;Robert O. Green,&nbsp;Alexa Hanson,&nbsp;Brendan Heberlein,&nbsp;Mark Helmlinger,&nbsp;Simon Hook,&nbsp;Daniel Jensen,&nbsp;Emma Johnson,&nbsp;Marie Johnson,&nbsp;Michael Kiper,&nbsp;Christopher Kibler,&nbsp;Jennifer Y. King,&nbsp;Kyle R. Kovach,&nbsp;Aaron Kreisberg,&nbsp;Daniel Lacey,&nbsp;Evan Lang,&nbsp;Christine Lee,&nbsp;Amanda M. Lopez,&nbsp;Brittany Lopez Barreto,&nbsp;Andrew Maguire,&nbsp;Elliott Marsh,&nbsp;Charles Miller,&nbsp;Dieu My T. Nguyen,&nbsp;Cassandra Nickles,&nbsp;Jonathan P. Ocón,&nbsp;Elijah P. Papen,&nbsp;Maria Park,&nbsp;Benjamin Poulter,&nbsp;Ann Raiho,&nbsp;Porter Reim,&nbsp;Timothy H. Robinson,&nbsp;Fernando E. Romero Galvan,&nbsp;Ethan Shafron,&nbsp;Brenen R. Skalitzky,&nbsp;Sydney Stroschein,&nbsp;Niky C. Taylor,&nbsp;David R. Thompson,&nbsp;Kate Thompson,&nbsp;Cecily Tye,&nbsp;Joelie Van Beek,&nbsp;Cecilia Vanden Heuvel,&nbsp;Jonathan Vellanoweth,&nbsp;Evert Vermeer,&nbsp;Claire Villanueva-Weeks,&nbsp;Kristen Zumdahl,&nbsp;David Schimel","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70194","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We stand at the threshold of a transformative era in Earth observation, marked by space-borne visible-to-shortwave infrared (VSWIR) imaging spectrometers that promise consistent global observations of ecosystem function, phenology, and inter- and intra-annual change. However, the full value of repeat spectroscopy, the information embedded within different temporal scales, and the reliability of existing algorithms across diverse ecosystem types and vegetation phenophases have remained elusive due to the absence of suitable sub-seasonal spectroscopy data. In response, the Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) High-Frequency Time Series (SHIFT) campaign was initiated during late February 2022 in Santa Barbara County, California. SHIFT, designed to support NASA's SBG mission, addressed mission scoping, scientific advancement, applications development, and community building. This ambitious endeavor included weekly Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) imagery acquisitions for 13 weeks (spanning February 24 to May 29, 2022), accompanied by coordinated terrestrial vegetation and coastal aquatic data collection. We describe the rich datasets collected and illustrate how the complex sub-seasonal patterns of change can be linked to biological science and applications, surpassing insights from multispectral observations. Leveraging open-source processing methods and cloud-based analysis tools, the SHIFT campaign showcases the readiness of the scientific community to harness ecological insights from remotely sensed hyperspectral time series. We provide an overview of SHIFT's goals, data collections, preliminary results, and the collaborative efforts of early career scientists committed to unlocking the transformative potential of high-frequency time series data from space-borne VSWIR imaging spectrometers.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental conditions explain variability in concentrations of nutrients but not emerging contaminants","authors":"Megan L. Fork,&nbsp;Jerker Fick,&nbsp;Alexander J. Reisinger,&nbsp;Peter M. Groffman,&nbsp;Emma J. Rosi","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70225","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aquatic ecosystems are subjected to many chemical stressors, including nutrients and emerging contaminants like pharmaceuticals. While pharmaceutical concentrations in streams and rivers are often below the thresholds for acute toxicity, they nonetheless disrupt ecology through changes to organisms' physiology, metabolism, and behavior. However, analyzing samples for the wide range of manufactured pharmaceuticals is often prohibitively expensive for many monitoring efforts. As such, the ability to predict pharmaceutical concentrations over space and time using easier-to-monitor water quality parameters would expand our understanding of the scope and consequences of pharmaceutical contamination in aquatic ecosystems. We applied random forest models to data from the Baltimore Ecosystem Study to investigate how well routinely monitored water quality parameters could be used to predict concentrations of nutrients and pharmaceuticals. We found that concentrations of nutrients were accurately predicted by these models, but models for predicting concentrations of pharmaceuticals had high error rates and low predictive ability. Differences in our ability to predict concentrations of nutrients as opposed to pharmaceuticals could be due to differences in their sources, chemistries, or behavior in the environment. More concerted efforts to monitor pharmaceutical concentrations over time in aquatic ecosystems may help to resolve environmental drivers of their concentration and improve our ability to predict them.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social justice awareness in the undergraduate ecology classroom","authors":"Karina A. Sanchez,&nbsp;Amanda J. Bevan Zientek,&nbsp;Emily A. Holt","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Science, like many other fields, must address the legacies of injustice and inequities that have influenced research findings, policy outcomes, and participants of science. In ecology specifically, there have been calls to action to address social justice awareness gaps, dismantle bias, and build greater equity. Most actions resulting from these calls focus on practices in research labs, while little work and research investigates how this call is being addressed in university education settings. Although administration-level changes are underway, college campuses and classrooms are the centers of social change and action in the United States and around the world. The college classroom allows for bottom-up reform, and we therefore sought to describe college students' awareness of institutional, structural, and cultural racism in ecology. We then implemented a classroom intervention where students collect and analyze data on how racism, sexism, and colonialism have impacted the field of ecology. After the intervention, we observed a shift in student perceptions, and students became more aware of how racism and colonialism have shaped the field. Our work demonstrates the importance of actively engaging students in conversations on racism, sexism, and colonialism as a critical part of college ecology curricula to build cultural competency and the value of additional work on curriculum reform to change perceptions about social justice in ecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical winter coat coloration of snowshoe hares near the southern extent of their range","authors":"Laura C. Gigliotti,&nbsp;Emily S. Boyd,&nbsp;Duane R. Diefenbach","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70217","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many species have a variety of adaptations to winter weather, but these adaptations could become maladaptive if winter snowfall and temperatures are more variable. Snowshoe hares (<i>Lepus americanus</i>) molt from a brown summer coat to a white winter coat, but reductions in snow cover could result in phenotypic mismatch, which in turn could reduce survival. Hare populations near the southern extent of their range might be especially sensitive to phenotypic mismatch because of variable winter weather, but variation in winter coat coloration could allow for these populations to persist in inconsistent snow cover conditions. Using capture data (<i>n</i> = 59 individual hares) spanning 8 years, we document the prevalence of three atypical winter coat color phenotypes (brown bodies, brown-ringed eyes, and brown ears) in a snowshoe hare population in Pennsylvania. The majority of hares in our study (84.7%) exhibited at least one of these atypical winter phenotypes, with a high probability of hares having brown-ringed eyes or brown ears, and four hares remaining brown during the winter. The presence and high prevalence of non-white winter phenotypes could be beneficial for hares in this population if winters are mild with low snow cover. If these phenotypes have a genetic basis, there may be evolutionary potential for hares to persist near the southern extent of their range, even in the face of changing winters.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling nonrandom structure from random placement when estimating β-diversity through space or time","authors":"Daniel J. McGlinn,&nbsp;Shane A. Blowes,&nbsp;Maria Dornelas,&nbsp;Thore Engel,&nbsp;Inês S. Martins,&nbsp;Hideyasu Shimadzu,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Gotelli,&nbsp;Anne Magurran,&nbsp;Brian J. McGill,&nbsp;Jonathan M. Chase","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is considerable interest in understanding patterns of β-diversity that measure the amount of change in species composition through space or time. Most hypotheses for β-diversity evoke nonrandom processes that generate spatial and temporal within-species aggregation; however, β-diversity can also be driven by random sampling processes. Here, we describe a framework based on rarefaction curves that quantifies the nonrandom contribution of species compositional differences across samples to β-diversity. We isolate the effect of within-species spatial or temporal aggregation on beta-diversity using a coverage standardized metric of β-diversity (β_<i>C</i>). We demonstrate the utility of our framework using simulations and an empirical case study examining variation in avian species composition through space and time in engineered versus natural riparian areas. The primary strengths of our approach are that it provides an intuitive visual null model for expected patterns of biodiversity under random sampling that allows integrating analyses across α-, γ-, and β-scales. Importantly, the method can accommodate comparisons between communities with different species pool sizes, and it can be used to examine species turnover both within and between meta-communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early evidence for establishment of a Chinook salmon population in a restored watershed","authors":"Lauren G. Hitt,&nbsp;Malte Willmes,&nbsp;George Whitman,&nbsp;Mackenzie C. Miner,&nbsp;Carson Jeffres,&nbsp;Rachel C. Johnson,&nbsp;Dennis E. Cocherell,&nbsp;Nann A. Fangue,&nbsp;Andrew L. Rypel","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70207","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As fish populations face compounding pressures under climate change, highly modified rivers are receiving increasing research and conservation attention as important sites for restoration. Across the North Pacific Ocean, Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) have experienced unprecedented declines and extirpations because of habitat loss and fragmentation and climate variability. Here, we studied a rare example of a novel salmon population developing in Putah Creek, California, a dam-controlled stream flowing through an area of intensive agriculture where salmon were unlikely to occur prior to the rehabilitation of a more natural flow regime. We used otoliths from adult Chinook salmon carcasses recovered from Putah Creek to determine river or hatchery of origin for five spawning year classes. Our results provide evidence of successful salmon reproduction, outmigration survival, and natal homing of individuals back to Putah Creek in recent years. Although hatchery-origin fish that strayed to Putah Creek to spawn dominated returns each year, this study documents life-cycle completion required for the potential development of a self-sustaining salmon population. This study demonstrates that targeted restoration and flow rehabilitation efforts can generate viable new salmon spawning habitat in dam-controlled river systems, which could help mitigate habitat lost to dams and developments. Further, successful anadromous life-cycle completion can occur in new spawning habitat within the first several generations, which will help inform efforts to restore or reintroduce salmon in other altered river systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hantavirus in rodents in the United States: Temporal and spatial trends and report of new hosts","authors":"Francisca Astorga,&nbsp;Abdelghafar Alkishe,&nbsp;Paanwaris Paansri,&nbsp;Gabriel Mantilla,&nbsp;Luis E. Escobar","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70209","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In North America, the rodent-borne hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is predominantly caused by the Sin Nombre virus, typically associated with the deer mouse <i>Peromyscus maniculatus</i>. Utilizing data from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) hantavirus program, we assessed factors that may influence the spatial and temporal distribution of hantavirus in rodent populations across the United States. Between 2014 and 2019, the NEON hantavirus program conducted 104,379 small mammal captures and collected 14,004 blood samples from 49 species at 45 field sites. Our study identified 296 seropositive samples across 15 rodent species, including 8 <i>Peromyscus</i> species. We describe six new species with hantavirus seropositive samples not previously reported as hantavirus hosts. The highest number of seropositive samples was obtained from <i>Pe. maniculatus</i> (<i>n</i> = 116; 2.9% seroprevalence), followed by <i>Peromyscus leucopus</i> (<i>n</i> = 96; 2.8%) and <i>Microtus pennsylvanicus</i> (<i>n</i> = 33; 4.2%). Hantavirus seroprevalence showed an uneven spatial distribution, with the highest seroprevalence found in Virginia (7.8%, 99 seropositive samples), Colorado (5.7%, <i>n</i> = 37), and Texas (4.8%, <i>n</i> = 19). Hantavirus seropositive samples were obtained from 32 sites, 10 of which presented seropositive samples in species other than <i>Pe. maniculatus</i> or <i>Pe. leucopus</i>. Seroprevalence was inconsistent across years but showed intra-annual bimodal trends, and in <i>Pe. maniculatus</i> and <i>Pe. leucopus</i>, the number of captures correlated with seroprevalence in the following months. Seroprevalence was higher in adult males, with only one seropositive sample obtained from a juvenile <i>Peromyscus truei</i>. Higher body mass, presence of scrotal testes, and nonpregnant status were associated with higher seropositivity. The NEON dataset, derived from a multiyear and structured surveillance system, revealed the extensive distribution of hantavirus across broad taxonomic and environmental ranges. Future research should consider winter season surveillance and continued analyses of stored samples for a comprehensive spatiotemporal study of hantavirus circulation in wildlife. Global changes are expected to affect the dynamics of rodent populations by affecting their availability of resources and demography and, consequently, may modify transmission rates of rodent-borne zoonotic pathogens such as hantavirus. This study can be considered a baseline to assess hantavirus patterns across host taxa, geographies, and seasons in the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}