Ecosphere最新文献

{"title":"A decade under lens: Characterizing wildlife mortality from disease and infection in Chitwan National Park, Nepal","authors":"Prabin Poudel,&nbsp;Thakur Silwal,&nbsp;Kripa Pokhrel,&nbsp;Beeju Poudyal,&nbsp;Abiral Acharya,&nbsp;Pushkar Pal,&nbsp;Sandeep Timilsina,&nbsp;Ganesh Prasad Tiwari","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70757","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mortality and health issues are becoming an emerging issue in the conservation and management of wildlife populations. Understanding the causes of mortality is necessary for proper management of wildlife and habitats. To address this, a mixed approach was employed: we conducted a longitudinal analysis of a decade (2010–2019) of observed mortality count data from Chitwan National Park, Nepal. These data are subject to inherent surveillance biases, and our results represent detected mortality patterns. Additionally, a focus group discussion was conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the causes and trends of mortality and conservation efforts. There was a total of 525 recorded cases, of which mortality causes were determined for 82%; for the remaining 18%, causes were unidentified. Herbivore mammals accounted for the highest mortality (61%), followed by carnivores (16%). Of determined mortality causes, anthropogenic causes were the leading contributors to mortality (33.14%), followed by natural causes (23.62%) and diseases and infections (13.33%). Generalized linear models (negative binomial/poisson) revealed a significant 15.3% annual increase in overall wildlife mortality counts, driven by significant increases in disease and infection by 25.8% per year and conflict/competition by 17.4% per year. Rhinoceros was the species suffering the highest mortality count (34%), which increased by 42.9% per year, followed by elephants, gharial, deer, and tigers. The health assessment revealed that wound and bacterial infections, tuberculosis, and parasitic diseases were the primary factors responsible for mortality. Furthermore, the research indicates a concerning increase in mortality counts due to disease and infections and highlights an urgency for the development of comprehensive conservation efforts, public awareness, and disease control strategies. Routine immunization for livestock and development of species-specific plans for disease diagnosis and treatment in well-equipped wildlife care hospitals are crucial. Additionally, regular research on wildlife health monitoring and research-based effective conservation should be prioritized.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70757","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate-driven changes in wetland hydroperiods predict losses in habitat suitability for amphibian breeding","authors":"Griffin C. Dare,&nbsp;Maureen E. Ryan,&nbsp;Se-Yeun Lee,&nbsp;Leithen K. M'Gonigle,&nbsp;Rebecca M. McCaffery,&nbsp;Alan F. Hamlet,&nbsp;Michael J. Adams,&nbsp;Wendy J. Palen","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70763","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Environmental regimes are shifting with accelerating climate change, disrupting interactions between species and ecosystems shaped by the climate of the pre-industrial era. Species assemblages that depend on a dynamic network of ephemeral and permanent habitats may be especially sensitive to changing climate, whereby shifting environmental regimes may limit species persistence in landscapes in ways not captured by species physiology or coarse habitat metrics alone. Here we forecasted the loss of montane and subalpine wetlands as breeding habitat for three amphibian species in the US Pacific Northwest, <i>Ambystoma gracile</i>, <i>Ambystoma macrodactylum</i>, and <i>Rana cascadae</i>. We combined historical and recent surveys to build occupancy models of current breeding habitat use. We combined these results with existing hydrological models to predict the loss of suitable breeding habitats by the 2080s due to increased wetland drying. We found that species-specific occupancy of wetlands used for reproduction was predicted by both abiotic (e.g., elevation, wetland area) and biotic (e.g., emergent vegetation) site-level characteristics. Among wetlands currently used for reproduction, we estimated that between 12% and 23% could become unsuitable for the aquatic phase of each species by the 2080s, with watershed-scale losses ranging from 0% to 80%. This suggests that wetland habitat loss could limit the persistence of these species in the Pacific Northwest, though impacts are expected to vary across landscapes. More broadly, we demonstrate a novel approach to quantifying species climate change vulnerability that can be used to identify areas of both risk and resilience in changing landscapes and help to prioritize the application of practical conservation solutions in areas of greatest need.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest bird body condition and fruit consumption related to spotted wing Drosophila abundance and fruit parasitism","authors":"Daniel P. Roche,&nbsp;Scott H. Stoleson,&nbsp;Christopher T. Rota,&nbsp;William K. Oldland,&nbsp;Christopher M. Lituma","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70755","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Migratory bird species are under heavy energetic demands following the breeding season. Birds must first complete a pre-migratory molt and build fat deposits during the postbreeding season for migration. Many birds utilize early successional habitat, consuming fruit resources for energy and using cover provided by vegetation. Spotted wing <i>Drosophila</i> (<i>Drosophila suzukii</i>, SWD) is a frugivorous non-native invasive insect pest in the United States that parasitizes the ripening fruits of many wild fruiting plants, which could affect birds reliant on fruits during a critical time of year. We evaluated what factors, especially those related to SWD abundance and parasitism, related to the body condition of several bird species and the probability of consumption of fruits by frugivorous birds in regenerating harvests invaded by SWD during the postbreeding season and fall migration. We used mist nets to catch birds in regenerating harvests at Allegheny National Forest from July to October in 2019 and 2020 and measured multiple indices of body condition (subcutaneous fat, molt progression, and scaled mass index [SMI]) for several species. We also collected fecal samples from several frugivorous species for evidence of fruit consumption. We assessed fruit resources and vegetation structure at each mist net using transect surveys. We trapped SWD at each mist net for the duration of mist netting sessions and collected fruit samples to determine the extent of fruit parasitism by SWD at each mist net. Multiple condition indices for several species were correlated with the relative abundance of SWD and the parasitism of fruits, though the directions of relationships varied and were species-specific. Probability of Allegheny blackberry (<i>Rubus allegheniensis</i>) fruit consumption by frugivorous birds was positively correlated with parasitism of fruits at both the guild level and species level. Most species improved condition indices as the season progressed, likely due to dietary flexibility. Future research should include how bird condition changes in relation to foraging microhabitat selection and SWD, selection or rejection of SWD-parasitized fruits by frugivores, use of nutritional metrics to assess the quality of SWD and SWD-parasitized fruits, arthropod community responses to SWD, and the possible long-term consequences of changes to fruit consumption and seed dispersal.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70755","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal dynamics of insect herbivory in understory trees across temperate and tropical forests","authors":"Heveakore Maraia,&nbsp;Jan Kollross,&nbsp;Tomokazu Abe,&nbsp;Sam Finnie,&nbsp;Inga Freiberga,&nbsp;Marketa Tahadlova,&nbsp;Jitka Jancuchova-Laskova,&nbsp;Krystof Korejs,&nbsp;Vinod Kumar,&nbsp;Jan Lenc,&nbsp;Martin Libra,&nbsp;Craig McNamara,&nbsp;Ondřej Mottl,&nbsp;Masashi Murakami,&nbsp;Tatsuro Nakaji,&nbsp;Masahiro Nakamura,&nbsp;Jakub Pawlik,&nbsp;Leonardo Re Jorge,&nbsp;Legi Sam,&nbsp;Elise Sivault,&nbsp;Tereza Vlasata,&nbsp;Matthias Weiss,&nbsp;Xue Xiao,&nbsp;Katerina Sam","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70748","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Insect herbivory shapes forest ecosystems by affecting plant growth, nutrient cycling, and regeneration. It is commonly believed that tropical forest understories face greater insect herbivory pressure than their temperate counterparts. Yet, the magnitude of this tropical–temperate contrast remains debated. To address this gap, we examined how insect herbivory accumulates over time on understory woody plants across six temperate and tropical forests in Germany, Japan, China, Papua New Guinea, and Australia. We initiated the sampling during the early growing season in temperate forests and the onset of the wet season in tropical forests, and followed it by resampling. We quantified both standing herbivory and its temporal accumulation over 1-month and 4-month intervals on 44 understory tree species. Early in the growing season, standing herbivory was higher at low-latitude, aseasonal tropical sites than at higher-latitude temperate sites. However, herbivory accumulated more rapidly in temperate forests during the first month, consistent with intense feeding during spring leaf flush. As a result, initial tropical–temperate differences diminished rapidly, with standing herbivory converging within 1 month and remaining similar after 4 months. In tropical forests, herbivory accumulation was more stable through time, likely reflecting continuous leaf production and sustained herbivore activity. In summary, insect herbivory was primarily shaped by contrasting temporal dynamics of accumulation across forest types. Herbivory varied with latitude early in the season, accumulated rapidly in temperate forests, and converged across sites after 4 months, resulting in no consistent difference between tropical and temperate understories later in the season. These results demonstrate that herbivory accumulation over time is a key driver of observed patterns, which differ during the annual cycle. These findings highlight the importance of multi-temporal assessments of insect herbivory and caution against inferring broad-scale herbivory patterns from single time-point surveys.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70748","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the drivers of amphibian community distribution at a lowland–mountain interface: A joint modeling approach","authors":"Martino Flego,&nbsp;Alice Funk,&nbsp;Thomas Dadda,&nbsp;Valentina Rumo,&nbsp;Roberto Sacchi,&nbsp;Marco Mangiacotti","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70747","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding how environmental and biotic processes jointly shape species distributions and community composition is a central goal in ecology. Although species distribution models (SDMs) have become essential tools for quantifying environmental drivers of occurrence, their single-species framework limits inference about interspecific relationships and community-level patterns. Joint species distribution models (JSDMs) are multispecies distribution models which explicitly acknowledge the multivariate nature of communities, modeling all species at once and considering their interactions. They can be the basis for further community analysis, such as bioregionalization, supplying further insights to ecologically understand and manage a study area. Despite their potential, these methodologies are rarely applied, especially regarding terrestrial vertebrates and small geographical scale. Here, we integrated JSDMs with a data-driven bioregionalization approach (regions of common profile, RCPs), to explore the determinants of amphibian assemblages and their spatial turnover at a local scale. We applied this framework to 10 amphibian taxa in Oltrepò Pavese (northern Italy), a heterogeneous landscape at the interface between the Po Plain and the Northern Apennines. We specifically investigated the environmental drivers of species distribution and the residual co-occurrence patterns, relying on the framework Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities (HMSC). Then, the predicted joint occurrences were used to bioregionalize the study area. Species showed differential effects of environmental covariates. Significant co-occurrence patterns were highlighted, mostly attributable to factors not explicitly included in the model, such as the type of breeding site. We identified three RCPs, with distinct amphibian assemblages: a lowland region, dominated by farmland adapted species; a transitional one which lies in the lower Apennine and hosts widespread species, quite tolerant but probably not enough for the over-exploited Po plain; and a mountain region with microtherm and forest amphibians. Alarmingly, the first two RCPs are dominated by the alien marsh frog <i>Pelophylax ridibundus</i>, which reached the area in 2005. The work supported the applicability of the HMSC framework to amphibians and the definition of RCPs at a local scale. This integrated approach offers a method to assess community structure and turnover across environmental gradients, an essential step for understanding and conserving biodiversity in rapidly changing landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70747","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience or reassembly: Wildfire–vegetation dynamics in rapidly warming subarctic forests of northwestern Canada","authors":"S. Violet Zhao,&nbsp;Ellen Whitman,&nbsp;Denyse A. Dawe,&nbsp;Jonathan D. Coop,&nbsp;Sean A. Parks,&nbsp;Marc-André Parisien","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70760","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate-induced shifts in disturbance regimes are reshaping northern forest ecosystems, where tree species are at their geographic range limit. Northern Canada has warmed over twice as much as the mean global increase since 1950, providing a critical context to study climate–fire–vegetation interactions under rapid warming. To fingerprint the changes to northern forest over the past century, we evaluated (1) the extent to which postfire vegetation trajectories return to the prefire composition and structure, and (2) how tree growth is responding to recent climate change under a warming climate. We surveyed 24 sites with a paired design (burned vs. unburned plots) in Nahanni and Nááts'įhch'oh National Park Reserves, Northwest Territories in 2022 and 2023. We compared unburned and burned vegetation structure and composition, and collected 1185 dendrochronological samples to investigate tree growth patterns and their relationships with warming climate. Across all surveyed sites, 88% of them maintained conifer dominance; only one site had over 50% broadleaf dominance after fire, and 8% of sites completely lacked tree recruitment. With the exception of sites where the fire-adapted lodgepole pine was present, postfire recruitment density was generally low compared to unburned paired plots. In contrast to low recruitment, tree growth may have benefited from longer growing seasons in combination with increasing summer precipitation. Despite the variable and generally protracted recruitment, the postfire trajectory has high potential to return to the prefire state in this area, provided fire-free intervals are sufficiently long. While highly site- and species-specific, these forests show resilience to climate change; however, their fate is highly uncertain if projected increases in fire activity are borne out.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70760","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting drought-induced tree mortality in Swiss beech forests hinges upon predisposing and inciting factors","authors":"Gina Marano,&nbsp;Ulrike Hiltner,&nbsp;Katrin Meusburger,&nbsp;Thomas Oliver Hands,&nbsp;Harald Bugmann","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70771","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The recent increase in the frequency and severity of drought-induced tree mortality events in low-elevation, mesic European forests poses considerable challenges to forest management and requires an understanding of its causes. Here, we propose a novel, parsimonious framework for integrating the factors underlying drought-induced tree mortality in a dynamic vegetation model. We employed a two-step approach. First, we assessed the capability of the monolayer soil bucket model embedded in the forest gap model ForClim to simulate soil moisture dynamics, comparing it to the mechanistic soil-vegetation-atmosphere model LWFBrook90. The ForClim soil moisture model was found to adequately simulate soil moisture dynamics, particularly in extreme drought years. Second, we used Manion's Decline Disease Theory to develop a new mortality model that combines predisposing and inciting factors. Its integration in the ForClim forest gap model captured drought-related mortality in six mesic European beech-dominated stands in 2018–2020, and over multiple years in a xeric Scots pine-dominated stand in Switzerland. Along a wide climatic gradient in central Europe, the new model furthermore provided a good quantification of potential natural vegetation. The novel framework to capture drought-related tree mortality is simple yet yields accurate results. We conclude that the underlying hypothesis regarding the factors leading to drought-induced tree mortality is promising but requires further testing to establish its generality.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70771","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of holistic student mentorship in academia","authors":"Gabriela Palomo-Munoz,&nbsp;Christine C. Rega-Brodsky,&nbsp;Diana J. R. Lafferty","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70749","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recruitment and retention of diverse students and future faculty in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is essential for ensuring the STEM fields, like ecology, become more inclusive and relevant to people that represent the diversity of our global society. As such, positive and impactful mentorship must be a priority to support and affirm students in their journeys within academic systems and beyond. Here, we integrate elements of effective and intentional mentorship models and expand beyond these approaches to offer a Holistic Mentorship Framework that embraces the mentee and mentor as individuals with diverse lived experiences, academic goals, personal aspirations and struggles, and who are embedded in a culture and part of a society. The Holistic Mentorship Framework provides guidance to current and future mentors regarding how to scaffold unique mentoring plans that build upon each mentee's' prior knowledge and values. This framework recognizes the importance of the mentor and mentees' professional and personal goals to create an identity-safe learning environment of community and belonging, where both parties experience personal and professional gains. The Holistic Mentorship Framework also offers numerous prompts to foster mentor and mentee self-reflection, identify and repair mentoring misdeeds, and to strengthen future mentor–mentee relations. Building positive and inclusive pathways for the next generation of resilient ecologists, future faculty, and global citizens is essential for ensuring STEM is accessible and relevant. Thus, enacting a Holistic Mentorship Framework will have broad positive impacts on not only mentors and mentees in ecology, but these positive impacts will reverberate across society as we find various ways to support a more diverse and inclusive future.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70749","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint telemetry and mark–recapture model reveal resource selection affects Northern Bobwhite chick survival","authors":"Justin N. Hill,&nbsp;Theron M. Terhune II,&nbsp;William B. Lewis,&nbsp;James A. Martin","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70753","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Resource selection studies have become increasingly common since the advent of modern animal tracking equipment, yet most studies fail to examine how selection affects vital rates or population growth (i.e., fitness). Without investigating if optimal habitat selection is facilitated in a system, conservation efforts may promote ineffective management strategies. Accurate survival rate estimates can also be difficult to obtain for species with poor tag retention rates, such as juvenile precocial birds, ultimately leading to biased estimates. The chick age-class is a relatively understudied life history period of Northern Bobwhite (<i>Colinus virginianus</i>), a Gallinaceous bird endemic to North America. We used an integrated hierarchical model incorporating three datasets (chick telemetry, adult telemetry, seasonal trapping efforts) to examine the effects of nocturnal habitat selection, age, and year on bobwhite chick survival rates (11–84 days), while also estimating tag retention rates of backpack-suture style radios. We used roosting habitat selection estimates of individual chicks as covariates to test three competing hypotheses germane to selection and survival: optimal habitat selection, ecological trap, and wide adaptive peak. Mean daily tag retention for back-pack radios was 0.998 (95% credible interval [CrI] = 0.995, 0.999), resulting in a 74-day retention rate of 0.85 (95% CrI = 0.70, 0.95). Chick survival varied annually, with higher survival in 2019 (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mover>\u0000 <mi>x</mi>\u0000 <mo>¯</mo>\u0000 </mover>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ overline{x} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> = 0.53; 95% CrI = 0.32, 0.76) relative to 2018 (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mover>\u0000 <mi>x</mi>\u0000 <mo>¯</mo>\u0000 </mover>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ overline{x} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> = 0.19; 95% CrI = 0.04, 0.46). Snakes accounted for the majority of observed chick mortalities (<i>n</i> = 22, 57.9%), primarily nocturnal hunters (<i>Pantherophis guttatus</i>; <i>n</i> = 14, <i>Pantherophis alleghaniensis</i>; <i>n</i> = 3). Our results suggest that fallow fields function as ecological traps for roosting bobwhite chicks; however, this cover type is avoided as roosting habitat as age increases. Our findings illustrate that optimal habitat selection is not always facilitated and that future studies focused on resource selection should examine how it impacts fitness.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70753","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High and minimally variable adult marine survival among multiple stocks of Chinook salmon","authors":"Cameron Freshwater,&nbsp;Thomas Garrison,&nbsp;David D. Huff,&nbsp;Megan E. Moore,&nbsp;Noel Swain,&nbsp;Patrick L. Thompson,&nbsp;Catarina Wor","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70710","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Estimates of individual survival across space and time provide critical information on processes that regulate population abundance. Here, we use state-space models fit to data from more than 500 acoustically tagged Chinook salmon to better understand the factors that shape survival during the final summer and fall of marine residence—a life stage where mortality may be driven by both harvest and predation. Median cumulative survival rates from the continental shelf of Vancouver Island to terminal migration areas were relatively high, ranging from 0.65 to 0.86 across stocks. In most cases, survival rates were also stable along each stock's migration corridor. Survival rates to terminal areas were strongly and positively related to lipid content, but weakly related to body size, which suggests complex trade-offs between foraging risk and growth. Tagging date had a direct positive effect on survival rate, likely because tags deployed earlier in the year provided more opportunities to observe mortality. Individuals from cohorts with higher exploitation rate indices had lower survival rates, and accounting for exploitation rate effects strongly reduced among-stock variability in survival rate. High, spatially stable survival rates suggest that adult Chinook salmon marine migrations, unlike those of many juvenile Pacific salmon, are not associated with severe survival bottlenecks. After accounting for variability in exploitation rates, our results are consistent with natural mortality rate assumptions used in current stock assessment models. These findings provide empirical benchmarks that can inform stock assessment model development and reinforce the importance of incorporating harvest dynamics into ecosystem-based management of Chinook salmon.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70710","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}