Ecosphere最新文献

{"title":"Divergent drought responses in two cold desert shrublands","authors":"Kerry M. Byrne,&nbsp;Justin C. Luong,&nbsp;Kristen M. Kaczynski","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70211","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The frequency and intensity of extreme droughts are projected to increase in the future, yet current research indicates that ecosystem sensitivity to extremes will vary. Despite hundreds of observational and experimental drought studies across ecosystems, the underlying mechanism explaining the inconsistent responses to drought remains poorly understood. Differences in the magnitude or duration of drought, land use history, existing plant communities, or unique site conditions might all influence the drought response of a site. Due to unresolved questions related to ecosystem sensitivity to drought, additional studies are needed to improve our predictions about the drought responses across ecosystems. Here, we minimized differences in drought intensity, climatic variation, and land use history by conducting a rainfall manipulation study in two adjacent (~60 m apart) plant communities with distinct dominant species (<i>Artemisia arbuscula</i> and <i>Artemisia cana</i>) in eastern Oregon, USA. We used rainfall shelters to create a 1-in-100-year drought at each site to understand how chronic (4-year) drought will impact common, but understudied sagebrush steppe plant communities. We found that above- and belowground net primary production at both sites was remarkably resistant to four years of drought. Interestingly, litter increased over time in drought plots at the more productive site, and we hypothesize that hydraulic lift and litter interacted to increase shallow soil water content under drought at that site. The site with harsher edaphic features and a soil duripan experienced fewer changes in plant community composition than the more productive site, potentially due to the presence of specialized plant species at the harsher site. Non-native plant cover increased (primarily from <i>Ventenata dubia</i>) and native forb cover and density decreased across our four sampling years. This suggests that management may be needed to conserve native forb diversity and limit species invasion, especially as the climate and historic fire regimes change.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart camera traps and computer vision improve detections of small fauna","authors":"Angela J. L. Pestell,&nbsp;Anthony R. Rendall,&nbsp;Robin D. Sinclair,&nbsp;Euan G. Ritchie,&nbsp;Duc T. Nguyen,&nbsp;Dean M. Corva,&nbsp;Anne C. Eichholtzer,&nbsp;Abbas Z. Kouzani,&nbsp;Don A. Driscoll","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70220","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Limited data on species' distributions are common for small animals, impeding conservation and management. Small animals, especially ectothermic taxa, are often difficult to detect, and therefore require increased time and resources to survey effectively. The rise of conservation technology has enabled researchers to monitor animals in a range of ecosystems and for longer periods than traditional methods (e.g., live trapping), increasing the quality of data and the cost-effectiveness of wildlife monitoring practices. We used DeakinCams, custom-built smart camera traps, to address three aims: (1) To survey small animals, including ectotherms, and evaluate the performance of a customized computer vision object detector trained on the SAWIT dataset for automating object classification; (2) At the same field sites and using commercially available camera traps, we evaluated how well MegaDetector—a freely available object detection model—detected images containing animals; and (3) we evaluated the complementarity of these two different approaches to wildlife monitoring. We collected 85,870 videos from the DeakinCams and 50,888 images from the commercial cameras. For object detection with DeakinCams data, SAWIT yielded 98% Precision but 47% recall, and for species classification, SAWIT performance varied by taxa, with 0% Precision and Recall for birds and 26% Precision and 14% Recall for spiders. For object detections with camera trap images, MegaDetector returned 99% Precision and 98% Recall. We found that only the DeakinCams detected nocturnal ectotherms and invertebrates. Making use of more diverse datasets for training models as well as advances in machine learning will likely improve the performance of models like YOLO in novel environments. Our results support the need for continued cross-disciplinary collaboration to ensure that large environmental datasets are available to train and test existing and emerging machine learning algorithms.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wayfinding, knowledge, perspective, and engagement: Preparing tribal liaisons for stewardship of Indigenous lands","authors":"David C. Mays,&nbsp;Timberley M. Roane,&nbsp;Rafael Moreno-Sanchez,&nbsp;Cynthia Rice,&nbsp;Jessica L. Romero,&nbsp;Christine Velez","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70181","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Indigenous stewardship practices, deeply rooted in traditional values and knowledge, often differ from non-Indigenous management approaches. Bridging these differing practices and approaches requires professionals trained in both Indigenous and non-Indigenous cultures, knowledge, and practices. The Environmental Stewardship of Indigenous Lands (ESIL) certificate at the University of Colorado Denver aims to prepare students for such roles, particularly as tribal liaisons, who facilitate government-to-government relationships and consultations. In particular, the ESIL certificate combines academic coursework with workshops and internships that provide knowledge and skills critical for effective liaison work, such as understanding tribal governance, communication, conflict resolution, and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). The motivation for this work is that the preparation of tribal liaisons in higher education institutions faces several challenges such as rigid disciplinary curricula and insufficient access to culturally relevant immersive experiences in Indigenous communities and organizations. ESIL addresses these challenges through its workshops and internships, which complement traditional coursework by providing culturally relevant learning opportunities. Workshops cover topics like tribal law, TEK, and Indigeneity, while internships offer hands-on experiences that bridge academic learning with real-world contexts and applications. This paper presents the experiences in creating and operating workshops and internships as part of the ESIL certificate program. Workshops and internships were created following the theory of culturally relevant pedagogy, and student feedback was collected following the Indigenous evaluation framework. Student feedback indicates that these activities complement students' education and training to become effective tribal liaisons by enhancing their wayfinding, knowledge acquisition, perspective taking, and engagement with Indigenous cultures, knowledge, and practice. The ESIL program's approach underscores the importance of culturally tailored education and strong partnerships with Indigenous professionals and communities to prepare the next generation of tribal liaisons.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dominant plant species and insects interactively shape plant community structure and an ecosystem function","authors":"Julia N. Eckberg,&nbsp;Akane Hubbard,&nbsp;Nathan J. Sanders","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70201","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dominant plants and insects both structure plant communities and determine key ecosystem functions. However, dominant plants and insects can have opposing effects on plant community structure and ecosystem function. Critically, few studies have assessed the combined effects of these two drivers of plant community structure and ecosystem function. In this study, we factorially manipulated the presence of the dominant plant species <i>Solidago canadensis</i> (Canada goldenrod) and insects in an old field to quantify their independent and interactive effects on the plant community. Overall, insect presence mediated the effects of <i>S. canadensis</i> removal on plant biomass and richness. Total plant biomass was ~32% lower following <i>S. canadensis</i> removal only when insects were present. In contrast, subdominant plant biomass was ~75% higher following <i>S. canadensis</i> removal, but only when insects were reduced. Subdominant species richness was ~37% higher following <i>S. canadensis</i> removal when insects were present, although the abundance of most subdominant species did not vary systematically with <i>S. canadensis</i> removal or insect reduction. Light availability was ~49% higher following <i>S. canadensis</i> removal, with no effect of insect presence on light availability. Our results emphasize the interactive role of dominant plants and insects in determining the diversity and biomass of plant communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat suitability of common leopard in northern Pakistan","authors":"Faraz Akrim,&nbsp;Kenneth F. Kellner,&nbsp;Tariq Mahmood,&nbsp;Muhammad Waseem,&nbsp;Imad-Ul-Din Zangi,&nbsp;Siddiqa Qasim,&nbsp;Asad Aslam,&nbsp;Shafqaat Ahmed Hashmi,&nbsp;Hammad Bin Shoukat,&nbsp;Muhammad Raqeeb,&nbsp;Jerrold L. Belant","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70218","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Habitat fragmentation and loss are considered primary threats to common leopards (<i>Panthera pardus</i>) across their geographical range. We investigated anthropogenic and environmental factors influencing the habitat suitability of leopards in northern Pakistan using an ensemble model of direct and indirect leopard signs during 2014–2022. Using location data from 206 leopard sightings the ensemble model's performance was good (true skill statistic, TSS = 0.52). Habitat suitability was highest in forest cover and negatively related to the density of settlements and roads. Habitat suitability peaked at intermediate elevations (about 1000–2000 m). Based on the ensemble model, we estimated 4543 km² of leopard habitat in northern Pakistan, of which 3144 km² (69%) occurred in six contiguous patches of at least 58 km² (range = 65–951 km²), the minimum size to support one female leopard. There was one patch of leopard habitat at least 58 km² within a protected area, and overall, 36% of total protected areas were estimated as suitable. Our findings suggest that the current network of protected areas in northern Pakistan does not adequately represent suitable habitat for leopards; increasing forest cover and expanding the protected area network could improve leopard habitat suitability.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High sensitivity of herbaceous legumes to freezing: Insights from a multiyear snow removal study","authors":"Samuel L. Rycroft,&nbsp;Hugh A. L. Henry","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70219","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reductions in snow cover resulting from winter climate change are anticipated to increase the intensity of freezing exposure for overwintering herbaceous plants in many northern temperate regions. We examined whether herbaceous legumes, a key functional group responsible for increasing soil nitrogen inputs, are more sensitive to freezing than nonleguminous plants in northern temperate plant communities. We conducted snow removal experiments for three years in three herbaceous plant communities (a fallow area, an old field and a restored prairie) and recorded plant cover and biomass responses. For all three years, there were substantial decreases in legume biomass in response to snow removal for the fallow area (reductions of 70%, 90% and 50%; primarily <i>Melilotus albus</i> and <i>M. officinalis</i>) and old field (reductions of 50%, 60% and 50%; primarily <i>Trifolium pratense</i> and <i>Lotus corniculatus</i>), whereas there were no consistent significant reductions in biomass across years for the other herbaceous functional groups (graminoids and nonleguminous forbs). In contrast, in the restored prairie, dominated by the native legume <i>Desmodium canadense</i>, there were no consistent snow removal effects on the biomass of legumes or any other functional groups across years, although snow removal did reduce the percent cover of this species early in the growing season. Our results suggest that increased soil freezing via reductions in snow cover can have a stronger negative effect on some legumes than on other functional groups in northern temperate herbaceous plant communities, potentially reducing soil nitrogen inputs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the effects of climate and visitor use on amphibian occupancy in a protected landscape with long-term data","authors":"Amanda M. Kissel,&nbsp;Mary Kay Watry,&nbsp;Evan Bredeweg,&nbsp;Erin Muths","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70210","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Determining where animals are, and if they are persisting across protected landscapes, is necessary to implement appropriate management and conservation actions. For long-lived animals and those with boom-and-bust life histories, perspective across time contributes to discerning temporal trends in occupancy and persistence, and potentially in identifying mechanisms affecting those parameters. Long-term data are particularly useful in protected areas to quantify indicators of change that may be less obvious or occur more slowly. We used long-term amphibian data from Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) in a Bayesian occupancy modeling framework to estimate changes in occupancy, colonization, and persistence of amphibians over three decades and to explore the effects of climate, landscape change, and visitor use as mechanisms behind observed changes. Our results indicate that colonization and persistence are low and/or declining for <i>Pseudacris maculata</i>, <i>Lithobates sylvaticus</i>, and <i>Ambystoma mavortium</i>, and that occupied catchments are increasingly isolated. We found visitor use to have a consistently negative effect on occupancy and persistence of amphibians in RMNP, and that all species are more likely to occupy catchments with more complex habitat and a higher proportion of wetlands. While these results are sobering, they also provide a way forward where mitigation efforts can target identified drivers of change.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated CO2 and drought modify plant–plant and plant–mycorrhizal interactions in two codominant grasses","authors":"Smriti Pehim Limbu,&nbsp;Meghan L. Avolio","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70198","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant–plant interactions play a critical role in shaping plant communities and influencing ecosystem services. However, how these interactions shift between positive (facilitation) and negative (competition) in response to environmental factors, including changes in symbiotic relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), remains less understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted an experiment investigating the plant–plant interactions and AMF root colonization of two codominant grasses of tallgrass prairie, <i>Andropogon gerardii</i> and <i>Sorghastrum nutans</i>. We established three neighbor treatments (no neighbor, interspecific, and intraspecific interactions), and exposed the grasses to a combination of water and CO₂ treatments: drought with ambient CO₂, well-watered with ambient CO₂, drought with elevated CO₂, and well-watered with elevated CO₂. We hypothesized that elevated CO₂ would ameliorate the negative effect of drought on biomass and AMF root colonization in these grasses, and that competition would be most prominent under less stressful conditions (well-watered with ambient or elevated CO₂), decreasing as stress increased (drought with ambient CO₂), eventually leading to facilitation under more stressful conditions. Our findings demonstrated that elevated CO₂ ameliorated the negative effects of drought on the aboveground biomass of both grasses. Additionally, drought with ambient CO₂ treatment resulted in competition between plant individuals, which decreased as stress levels increased. Facilitation was observed under the least stressful condition (well-watered with elevated CO₂) for belowground biomass. Interestingly, AMF root colonization was higher under drought with ambient CO₂ treatment and decreased under drought with elevated CO₂ treatment in the presence of a neighbor, suggesting a stress-dependent response in AMF colonization. Our study revealed a shift in plant–plant and plant–AMF interactions driven by the combined effects of drought and elevated CO₂. These findings have important implications for understanding how codominant grasses and their symbiotic relationships with AMF may respond to changing climatic conditions in tallgrass prairie.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amendments and seeding did not augment erosion control structure effectiveness in dry rangelands","authors":"Eva Stricker,&nbsp;Megan O'Connell","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rangelands in the Western United States are crucial for providing ecosystem services and supporting rural food systems, but they face increased degradation from erosion. Existing erosion management activities leverage physical interventions such as rock structures, but little is known as to whether biological interventions such as seeding or organic amendments may enhance soil health and augment the effects of such rock structures. This study investigates the effectiveness of combining rock structures with organic amendments (wood mulch or compost) and native perennial grass seed addition to address erosion on rangelands. The study was conducted across five cattle ranches in New Mexico with 9–18 active head cuts studied at each ranch. Rock rundown structures were built at each headcut and a plot above each structure received an organic amendment treatment (compost, mulch, or control) and seed addition treatment (seeded or control). Across sites, we found none of the seed additions resulted in plant establishment; therefore, we aggregated all seed addition treatments and focused only on organic amendments and measured soil and vegetation characteristics after one year. Consistently, the rock structures themselves led to channel accretion, but organic amendments had no significant effect on infiltration rate, aggregate stability, channel erosion/accretion, aboveground biomass, vegetation cover, plant richness, or soil organic carbon. Our results indicate that rock structures are an effective solution for addressing small headcuts on arid rangelands but organic amendments and native seed addition were not effective on this time scale, potentially due to severe drought during much of the year in the region. Ranchers and field technicians noted trends of enhanced soil moisture in the amendments compared with controls and were thus interested in pursuing further investigation in amendments in the future, despite the lack of effect in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical fire regimes in whitebark pine ecosystems of west-central British Columbia","authors":"Kira M. Hoffman,&nbsp;Alana J. Clason,&nbsp;Lori D. Daniels","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forest ecosystems across western North America are experiencing increasingly large and severe wildfire disturbances. From 2012 to 2024, approximately 600,000 ha of forest in Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, British Columbia's largest protected area, were impacted by wildfires. These wildfires burned primarily through lower elevation subboreal forests, but high-severity fire also impacted subalpine and treeline ecosystems across the mountainous provincial park. Whitebark pine is a long-lived and endangered high-elevation tree species experiencing extensive mortality throughout western North America from an invasive pathogen and recent large-scale outbreaks of mountain pine beetle. To understand the impacts of changing fire regimes on subboreal and subalpine whitebark pine ecosystems, we reconstructed the first fire history in North Tweedsmuir Provincial Park. Eleven study sites containing whitebark pine were sampled along lakeshores, islands, knolls, and ridgelines. Our fire history record indicated two key findings. First, fire-scarred trees provided evidence of low-severity fire at all 11 study sites. Our dendrochronological record covered 830 years (1190–2020) and included 127 fire scars during a 580-year period (1377–1957), with a composite mean fire interval of 8 years in the period 1580–1957 recorded across the study area. Second, our results highlight centuries of Indigenous fire stewardship that, combined with lightning, comprised the historical fire regime. Prior to 20th century fire suppression policies, the fire regime was characterized by shorter fire intervals than the contemporary period, effectively reducing available fuels, and creating a mosaic of burned and unburned forests across the landscape. Our research findings highlight the need for proactive and dynamic wildfire management that supports multiple cultural and ecological values across protected areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}