Ecosphere最新文献

{"title":"Recent increases in sea turtle incubation durations on a North Carolina, USA, beach despite a warming climate","authors":"Matthew Ware,&nbsp;Paul Hillbrand,&nbsp;Ali Johnson,&nbsp;Stephanie J. Kamel,&nbsp;Elizabeth S. Darrow","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Warming temperatures due to climate change are feminizing sea turtle primary sex ratios, reducing hatchling fitness, and, in extreme cases, limiting hatchling production, including for temperate nesting species such as loggerhead turtles (<i>Caretta caretta</i>). Though more females may lead to short-term population growth through increased egg production, long-term gains may be threatened by the scarcity of males for mating and reduced survival rates of early life stages. Beaches near the limits of sea turtle nesting ranges are typically cooler and thus critical for species conservation efforts as they contribute a higher percentage of males to regional breeding grounds both now and in the future. A feminizing trend up to 88% was previously estimated for loggerhead hatchlings through 2015 on Bald Head Island, North Carolina, USA, near the northern extent of the northwest Atlantic loggerhead nesting range. However, despite a continued increasing trend in air temperature, average incubation durations and modeled primary sex ratios over the past 5 years (67% female) are more similar to those from the mid-2000s. Environmental conditions during incubation, behavioral changes in nest site selection and timing, and physiological variables including clutch size and maternal identity were investigated using a generalized additive model to explain this recent reversal. Increased rainfall, alongshore local movement of nest placement toward cooler conditions, and a minor shift in nesting phenology earlier in the year combined to counteract the 1.1°C increase in average air temperature experienced by incubating nests now versus 20 years ago. Behavioral adaptations may thus mitigate some of the projected impacts from climate change but are insufficient on their own as rainfall had a larger effect size than behavior. Without significant behavioral changes or management interventions, sustained future male hatchling production at many nesting beaches will likely depend on increased rainfall—an uncertain projection for many such beaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resource quality differentially impacts Daphnia interactions with two parasites","authors":"Michelle L. Fearon,&nbsp;Kristel F. Sánchez,&nbsp;Syuan-Jyun Sun,&nbsp;Siobhan K. Calhoun,&nbsp;Kira J. Monell,&nbsp;Varun Ravichandran,&nbsp;Meghan A. Duffy","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70234","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Resource quality can have conflicting effects on host–parasite interactions; for example, higher resource quality might increase host investment in immune function, or conversely, might permit greater parasite reproduction. Thus, anticipating the impact of changing resource quality on host–parasite interactions is challenging, especially because we often lack a mechanistic understanding of how resource quality influences host physiology and fitness to alter infection outcomes. We investigated whether there are generalizations in how resource quality affects multiple host clones' interactions with different parasites. We used the <i>Daphnia</i> freshwater zooplankton model system to experimentally investigate how a resource quality gradient from high-quality green algae to poor-quality cyanobacteria diets influences host fitness, physiology, and infection by two parasites: a bacterium, <i>Pasteuria ramosa</i>, and a fungus, <i>Metschnikowia bicuspidata</i>. We ran a separate experiment for each parasite using a factorial design with four diets, two <i>Daphnia dentifera</i> host clones, and parasite-inoculated and -uninoculated treatments (16 treatments per experiment). Diet strongly influenced infection by the fungus but not the bacterium. These relationships between diet and infection cannot be explained by changes in feeding rate (and, therefore, parasite exposure). Instead, the impact of diet on fungal infection was associated with impacts of diet on the earliest stage of infection: hosts that fed on poor quality diets had very few attacking spores in their guts. Diet did not significantly influence host immune responses. Diet influenced spore production differently for the two parasites, with reduced resource quality limiting the number of fungal spores and the size (but not number) of bacterial spores. Diet, host clone, and infection all affected host fitness. Interestingly, diet influenced the impact of the bacterium, a parasitic castrator that induces gigantism; for one clone, infected hosts fed high-quality diets still produced a substantial number of offspring, whereas resource limitation hindered gigantism. Finally, there were often costs of resisting infection, though these generally were not affected by diet. Overall, we show that resource quality differentially impacts the exposure, infection, and proliferation processes for different parasites and host clones, which highlights the need to use multi-genotype and multi-parasite studies to better understand these complex interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dead tree removal after drought mortality increases understory plant diversity in a mixed conifer forest","authors":"Rebecca Bewley Wayman,&nbsp;Quinn M. Sorenson","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70215","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Altered disturbance regimes during a time of rapid global change present challenges for decision-making concerning ecosystem recovery. In the Sierra Nevada of California, USA, 129 million trees died due to severe drought from 2012 to 2017, raising concerns over forest ecosystem health and dead fuel loads available for future wildfires. One approach to managing forests after tree mortality is to cut and remove standing dead trees, yet the ecological effects of this management practice are not well understood, particularly in western US montane coniferous forests. We compared the management practice of dead tree removal versus no removal following severe drought and insect-induced tree mortality in the Sierra Nevada and evaluated the initial effects on understory plants in terms of diversity, vegetative cover, and community composition. Understory plants were sampled in 122 paired plots (treated and untreated; 22 m diameter) spanning 300 km of the Sierra Nevada 1–5 years after the removal of recently dead trees. We found that plant species diversity was higher where dead trees were removed across all plant subgroups (annuals, perennials, shrubs, natives, and non-natives). Higher total plant species richness and annual species richness were associated with lower live tree cover, but shrub and perennial richness were associated with higher estimated soil moisture and not with live tree cover. Understory vegetative cover was modestly lower with treatment, driven largely by decreases in tree sapling cover, but annual and non-native species cover were higher with treatment. Plant community composition was significantly different in treated and untreated plots, but communities were highly overlapping. Our results align with research in other western US forests that found a near-term increase in understory diversity following drought-killed dead tree harvests, but future research is needed to identify longer term patterns. Our project provides essential information to assess whether recovery goals related to understory vegetation are likely to be met under different post-disturbance management scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of interactions among primary and secondary foundation species on biodiversity and associated community structure","authors":"Jessene Aquino-Thomas,&nbsp;C. Edward Proffitt","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70214","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A key foundation species, red mangroves (<i>Rhizophora mangle</i>), and secondary foundation species (oysters, sponges, and barnacles) that reside on mangrove prop roots are abundant along the coastline in subtropical Florida. We hypothesized the Foundation Species Interaction Biodiversity (FSIB) model, which explains the relationships between the foundation species. The interactions between the foundation species examined in the FSIB model were mutualistic (+, +), commensal (+, 0), and parasitic (+, −) interactions. We investigated the connections between the primary foundation species (mangroves) and the dominant secondary foundation species to understand the resulting variability in biodiversity within these nearshore ecosystems. Building on existing research, this study introduces the FSIB model, hypothesizing how the nuanced interactions between the primary and secondary foundation species contribute to biodiversity enhancements, a critical area previously underexplored, that will increase biodiversity. It posits that the mutualistic relationship will yield the highest biodiversity, followed by the commensal relationship, and then the parasitic relationship. All three relationships are hypothesized to result in higher diversity compared with an ecosystem lacking a secondary foundation species. The main objective of this research was to assess the predictions of the proposed FSIB model in explaining the composition of benthic communities on red mangrove prop roots. We collected data on epibiont abundance and size, site characteristics, physical and geographical variables (fetch, sediment firmness, distances from inlet and nearest freshwater discharge source, distance to nearest mangrove forest), human disturbance variables, and obtained water quality data (salinity, chlorophyll <i>a</i>, and turbidity). The combined results of diversity metrics, hierarchical cluster analysis, nonmetric multidimensional scaling, and constrained distance-based redundancy analysis indicated that the difference in mangrove prop root communities was largely explained by the location of the communities along the latitudinal gradient and by the presence of secondary foundation species (oysters and sponges). The shift from one secondary foundation species to another had sizable effects on associated species biodiversity, with sites that had multiple secondary foundation species experiencing higher biodiversity than sites with only one secondary foundation species.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using habitat suitability modeling to integrate ecosystem-based approaches for mangrove restoration site selection","authors":"Rodolfo Jaffé,&nbsp;Carrie Paul-Gorsline,&nbsp;Molly McDermott,&nbsp;Shannon Fluharty,&nbsp;Ismail Al-Shaikh,&nbsp;Sabrina L. Skeat,&nbsp;Umarfarooq A. Abdulwahab,&nbsp;Lis Nelis,&nbsp;Benjamin D. Jaffe","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mangrove forest restoration can improve services and functions across associated coastal ecosystems. However, the effectiveness of mangrove restoration efforts is highly dependent on knowing the locations and habitat requirements of target species within the landscape of interest. Habitat suitability models are powerful tools that identify suitable environmental conditions and reduce the risk of poor site selection. When coupled with information on potential future climate conditions, land-use conflicts, and co-benefits (e.g., biodiversity), these models can be used to identify and prioritize areas that meet multiple stakeholder objectives and help implement a broader ecosystem-based approach to restoration. In this study, we coupled habitat suitability models with machine learning to assess present and future habitat suitability of mangrove forests across the Arabian Gulf. We then incorporated land-use and marine habitat data from Qatar to prioritize areas for mangrove restoration in a country where mangroves constitute the only type of forest. All the tested machine learning models (artificial neural networks, boosted regression trees, random forest, Maxent, and Maxnet) showed high predictive performance, but the percentage of contributions of each environmental predictor differed across the models. Important predictors of mangrove habitat suitability in Qatar included elevation, slope, distance to coastline, temperature, and precipitation. While most models predicted a future reduction in suitable habitat for mangrove forests in the country and across the region, there were suitable sites in Qatar located within currently protected areas. We identified several potential areas of high restoration impact (i.e., high present and future suitability, far from urban areas, and closest to live coral areas) across the northwest side of Qatar. These results demonstrate that habitat suitability modeling can be paired with information on land-use restrictions, proximity to infrastructure, and other ecosystems to integrate an ecosystem-based approach to guide restoration site selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil characteristics at artificial salt licks and their potential impacts on occurrence of chronic wasting disease","authors":"Line Tau Strand,&nbsp;Vegard Martinsen,&nbsp;Kjersti Selstad Utaaker,&nbsp;Marie Davey,&nbsp;Geir Rune Rauset,&nbsp;Olav Strand,&nbsp;Judd Aiken,&nbsp;Alsu Kuznetsova,&nbsp;Bjørnar Ytrehus","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70221","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Salt lick sites, where artificial salt blocks are placed at permanent locations, are common in summer grazing areas for free-ranging sheep in Norwegian mountains. These areas often overlap with areas used by wild reindeer, and reindeer are frequently observed at these salt lick sites. The first cases of chronic wasting disease (CWD) were discovered among Norwegian wild reindeer in 2016, and salt lick sites were presumed to be hotspots for the transmission of CWD. In this study, we compare soil properties at salt lick and nearby control sites not affected by salt blocks and review how salt-induced changes may influence the persistence and transmission of CWD. Three wild reindeer areas were studied: one CWD-affected area, Nordfjella, and two areas without CWD, Knutshø and Forollhogna. The soils at the salt lick sites were strongly influenced by dissolving salt blocks and increased animal activity. The salt lick sites had higher pH and ionic strength and increased levels of sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iodine (I), reflecting the composition of the salt blocks. The increased animal activity was reflected in eroded topsoil causing less soil organic matter (SOM), and there were higher amounts of elements related to defecation and urination, giving higher concentrations of inorganic nitrogen (Inorg-N), phosphate (PO₄-P), sulfate (SO₄-S), and potassium (K) as well as high gastrointestinal parasite frequency and diversity. The high salt content in the salt lick soils may stimulate geophagy, and as the soil is heavily contaminated by animal excretions, this may facilitate prion transmission. In addition, the high pH and ionic strength in the salt lick soils increase both the cation attraction and anion diffusion toward the soil particles, thereby facilitating both persistence and transmission of CWD. There was an increase in salinity at the salt lick sites in a gradient from west to east, most likely related to the coinciding decrease in precipitation. This suggests that if the use of permanent salt lick sites is discontinued, the salt lick sites in the east will maintain their attraction for congregating animals and geophagy longer than the western sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing mangrove canopy height and health changes in Puerto Rico post-Hurricane Maria using remote-sensing techniques","authors":"Jahnelle Howe,&nbsp;Shakila Merchant,&nbsp;William J. Hernández,&nbsp;Jeffery Pessutti,&nbsp;Peter Groffman","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70226","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mangroves are critically important ecosystems that are highly vulnerable to hurricanes. This study assessed the impact of Hurricane Maria on mangrove canopy heights and vegetation at two sites in Puerto Rico—La Parguera (southwest) and the Northeast Ecological Corridor (northeast)—and examined factors influencing recovery. Using remote sensing techniques, including light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) analysis, we quantified canopy height loss and vegetation health changes over time. Results show a significant reduction in canopy height immediately after the hurricane, with greater damage in the Northeast Corridor site than in the La Parguera site. NDVI analysis revealed site-specific variation in post-hurricane recovery, with some areas exceeding pre-hurricane vegetation health despite initial losses. Recovery patterns appeared to be linked to pre-storm canopy height and potential human disturbances, such as land-use change and hydrologic alteration. The integration of LiDAR and NDVI provided complementary insights, with LiDAR capturing structural damage and NDVI reflecting vegetation health dynamics. This study highlights the value of remote sensing in evaluating mangrove resilience and identifying factors influencing recovery after extreme weather events.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking ecological insights from sub-seasonal visible-to-shortwave infrared imaging spectroscopy: The SHIFT campaign","authors":"K. Dana Chadwick,&nbsp;Frank Davis,&nbsp;Kimberley R. Miner,&nbsp;Ryan Pavlick,&nbsp;Mark Reynolds,&nbsp;Philip A. Townsend,&nbsp;Philip G. Brodrick,&nbsp;Christiana Ade,&nbsp;Jean Allen,&nbsp;Leander Anderegg,&nbsp;Yoseline Angel,&nbsp;Indra Boving,&nbsp;Kristin B. Byrd,&nbsp;Petya Campbell,&nbsp;Luke Carberry,&nbsp;Katherine C. Cavanaugh,&nbsp;Kyle C. Cavanaugh,&nbsp;Kelly Easterday,&nbsp;Regina Eckert,&nbsp;Michelle Gierach,&nbsp;Kaitlin Gold,&nbsp;Erin Hestir,&nbsp;Fred Huemmrich,&nbsp;Maggie Klope,&nbsp;Raymond F Kokaly,&nbsp;Piper Lovegreen,&nbsp;Kelly Luis,&nbsp;Conor McMahon,&nbsp;Nicholas Nidzieko,&nbsp;Francisco Ochoa,&nbsp;Anna Jiselle Ongjoco,&nbsp;Elsa Ordway,&nbsp;Madeleine Pascolini-Campbell,&nbsp;Natalie Queally,&nbsp;Dar A. Roberts,&nbsp;Clare M. Saiki,&nbsp;Fabian D. Schneider,&nbsp;Alexey N. Shiklomanov,&nbsp;Germán D. Silva,&nbsp;Jordan Snyder,&nbsp;Michele Thornton,&nbsp;Anna T. Trugman,&nbsp;Nidhi Vinod,&nbsp;Ting Zheng,&nbsp;Dulcinea M. Avouris,&nbsp;Brianna Baker,&nbsp;Latha Baskaran,&nbsp;Tom Bell,&nbsp;Megan Berg,&nbsp;Michael Bernas,&nbsp;Niklas Bohn,&nbsp;Renato K. Braghiere,&nbsp;Zach Breuer,&nbsp;Andrew J. Brooks,&nbsp;Nolan Burkard,&nbsp;Julia Burmistrova,&nbsp;Kerry Cawse-Nicholson,&nbsp;John Chapman,&nbsp;Johana Chazaro-Haraksin,&nbsp;Joel Cryer,&nbsp;K. C. Cushman,&nbsp;Kyla Dahlin,&nbsp;Phuong D. Dao,&nbsp;Athena DiBartolo,&nbsp;Michael Eastwood,&nbsp;Clayton D. Elder,&nbsp;Angela Giordani,&nbsp;Kathleen Grant,&nbsp;Robert O. Green,&nbsp;Alexa Hanson,&nbsp;Brendan Heberlein,&nbsp;Mark Helmlinger,&nbsp;Simon Hook,&nbsp;Daniel Jensen,&nbsp;Emma Johnson,&nbsp;Marie Johnson,&nbsp;Michael Kiper,&nbsp;Christopher Kibler,&nbsp;Jennifer Y. King,&nbsp;Kyle R. Kovach,&nbsp;Aaron Kreisberg,&nbsp;Daniel Lacey,&nbsp;Evan Lang,&nbsp;Christine Lee,&nbsp;Amanda M. Lopez,&nbsp;Brittany Lopez Barreto,&nbsp;Andrew Maguire,&nbsp;Elliott Marsh,&nbsp;Charles Miller,&nbsp;Dieu My T. Nguyen,&nbsp;Cassandra Nickles,&nbsp;Jonathan P. Ocón,&nbsp;Elijah P. Papen,&nbsp;Maria Park,&nbsp;Benjamin Poulter,&nbsp;Ann Raiho,&nbsp;Porter Reim,&nbsp;Timothy H. Robinson,&nbsp;Fernando E. Romero Galvan,&nbsp;Ethan Shafron,&nbsp;Brenen R. Skalitzky,&nbsp;Sydney Stroschein,&nbsp;Niky C. Taylor,&nbsp;David R. Thompson,&nbsp;Kate Thompson,&nbsp;Cecily Tye,&nbsp;Joelie Van Beek,&nbsp;Cecilia Vanden Heuvel,&nbsp;Jonathan Vellanoweth,&nbsp;Evert Vermeer,&nbsp;Claire Villanueva-Weeks,&nbsp;Kristen Zumdahl,&nbsp;David Schimel","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70194","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We stand at the threshold of a transformative era in Earth observation, marked by space-borne visible-to-shortwave infrared (VSWIR) imaging spectrometers that promise consistent global observations of ecosystem function, phenology, and inter- and intra-annual change. However, the full value of repeat spectroscopy, the information embedded within different temporal scales, and the reliability of existing algorithms across diverse ecosystem types and vegetation phenophases have remained elusive due to the absence of suitable sub-seasonal spectroscopy data. In response, the Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) High-Frequency Time Series (SHIFT) campaign was initiated during late February 2022 in Santa Barbara County, California. SHIFT, designed to support NASA's SBG mission, addressed mission scoping, scientific advancement, applications development, and community building. This ambitious endeavor included weekly Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) imagery acquisitions for 13 weeks (spanning February 24 to May 29, 2022), accompanied by coordinated terrestrial vegetation and coastal aquatic data collection. We describe the rich datasets collected and illustrate how the complex sub-seasonal patterns of change can be linked to biological science and applications, surpassing insights from multispectral observations. Leveraging open-source processing methods and cloud-based analysis tools, the SHIFT campaign showcases the readiness of the scientific community to harness ecological insights from remotely sensed hyperspectral time series. We provide an overview of SHIFT's goals, data collections, preliminary results, and the collaborative efforts of early career scientists committed to unlocking the transformative potential of high-frequency time series data from space-borne VSWIR imaging spectrometers.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental conditions explain variability in concentrations of nutrients but not emerging contaminants","authors":"Megan L. Fork,&nbsp;Jerker Fick,&nbsp;Alexander J. Reisinger,&nbsp;Peter M. Groffman,&nbsp;Emma J. Rosi","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70225","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aquatic ecosystems are subjected to many chemical stressors, including nutrients and emerging contaminants like pharmaceuticals. While pharmaceutical concentrations in streams and rivers are often below the thresholds for acute toxicity, they nonetheless disrupt ecology through changes to organisms' physiology, metabolism, and behavior. However, analyzing samples for the wide range of manufactured pharmaceuticals is often prohibitively expensive for many monitoring efforts. As such, the ability to predict pharmaceutical concentrations over space and time using easier-to-monitor water quality parameters would expand our understanding of the scope and consequences of pharmaceutical contamination in aquatic ecosystems. We applied random forest models to data from the Baltimore Ecosystem Study to investigate how well routinely monitored water quality parameters could be used to predict concentrations of nutrients and pharmaceuticals. We found that concentrations of nutrients were accurately predicted by these models, but models for predicting concentrations of pharmaceuticals had high error rates and low predictive ability. Differences in our ability to predict concentrations of nutrients as opposed to pharmaceuticals could be due to differences in their sources, chemistries, or behavior in the environment. More concerted efforts to monitor pharmaceutical concentrations over time in aquatic ecosystems may help to resolve environmental drivers of their concentration and improve our ability to predict them.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social justice awareness in the undergraduate ecology classroom","authors":"Karina A. Sanchez,&nbsp;Amanda J. Bevan Zientek,&nbsp;Emily A. Holt","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Science, like many other fields, must address the legacies of injustice and inequities that have influenced research findings, policy outcomes, and participants of science. In ecology specifically, there have been calls to action to address social justice awareness gaps, dismantle bias, and build greater equity. Most actions resulting from these calls focus on practices in research labs, while little work and research investigates how this call is being addressed in university education settings. Although administration-level changes are underway, college campuses and classrooms are the centers of social change and action in the United States and around the world. The college classroom allows for bottom-up reform, and we therefore sought to describe college students' awareness of institutional, structural, and cultural racism in ecology. We then implemented a classroom intervention where students collect and analyze data on how racism, sexism, and colonialism have impacted the field of ecology. After the intervention, we observed a shift in student perceptions, and students became more aware of how racism and colonialism have shaped the field. Our work demonstrates the importance of actively engaging students in conversations on racism, sexism, and colonialism as a critical part of college ecology curricula to build cultural competency and the value of additional work on curriculum reform to change perceptions about social justice in ecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}