Long-term change and seasonal spillover risks of fatal acanthocephalan infection in southern sea otters

IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Ecosphere Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI:10.1002/ecs2.70330
Richard E. Grewelle, Colleen Young, Corinne Gibble, Katherine Greenwald, Laird Henkel, Giulio A. De Leo, Melissa Miller
{"title":"Long-term change and seasonal spillover risks of fatal acanthocephalan infection in southern sea otters","authors":"Richard E. Grewelle,&nbsp;Colleen Young,&nbsp;Corinne Gibble,&nbsp;Katherine Greenwald,&nbsp;Laird Henkel,&nbsp;Giulio A. De Leo,&nbsp;Melissa Miller","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70330","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Southern sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris nereis</i>) face numerous risks to population recovery from infectious disease, shark attacks, and biotoxins. Recently, the most significant contributor to fatal infectious disease in sea otters has been acanthocephalan peritonitis (AP) caused by <i>Profilicollis altmani</i>. Despite the importance of AP-associated otter mortality, long-term and seasonal risks for spillover of this parasite from its avian definitive hosts (seabirds and shorebirds) and crustacean intermediate hosts, Pacific mole crabs (<i>Emerita analoga</i>), are poorly resolved. We analyzed a 30-year dataset of sea otter strandings (<i>n</i> = 4460 cases) within the extant southern sea otter range to assess the contributions of temporal, demographic, geographic, and environmental risk factors to the prevalence of AP in southern sea otters. We found the incidence of AP was driven by high prevalence in immature otters near or in Morro and Monterey Bays, primarily in the late spring. The seasonal fluctuations in AP prevalence aligned closely with the presence of Pacific mole crabs in the gastrointestinal tracts of stranded otters. For Monterey Bay otters, AP prevalence was also higher during El Niño years. Long-term trend analyses suggest that seasonal, demographic, and geographic patterns of AP prevalence in southern sea otters have shifted. Southern sea otter population recovery efforts can be informed by long-term monitoring that assesses the evolving risks of AP and other sources of mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":48930,"journal":{"name":"Ecosphere","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.70330","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ecosphere","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.70330","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) face numerous risks to population recovery from infectious disease, shark attacks, and biotoxins. Recently, the most significant contributor to fatal infectious disease in sea otters has been acanthocephalan peritonitis (AP) caused by Profilicollis altmani. Despite the importance of AP-associated otter mortality, long-term and seasonal risks for spillover of this parasite from its avian definitive hosts (seabirds and shorebirds) and crustacean intermediate hosts, Pacific mole crabs (Emerita analoga), are poorly resolved. We analyzed a 30-year dataset of sea otter strandings (n = 4460 cases) within the extant southern sea otter range to assess the contributions of temporal, demographic, geographic, and environmental risk factors to the prevalence of AP in southern sea otters. We found the incidence of AP was driven by high prevalence in immature otters near or in Morro and Monterey Bays, primarily in the late spring. The seasonal fluctuations in AP prevalence aligned closely with the presence of Pacific mole crabs in the gastrointestinal tracts of stranded otters. For Monterey Bay otters, AP prevalence was also higher during El Niño years. Long-term trend analyses suggest that seasonal, demographic, and geographic patterns of AP prevalence in southern sea otters have shifted. Southern sea otter population recovery efforts can be informed by long-term monitoring that assesses the evolving risks of AP and other sources of mortality.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

南部海獭致命棘头虫感染的长期变化和季节性溢出风险
南海獭(Enhydra lutris nereis)面临着传染病、鲨鱼袭击和生物毒素对种群恢复的许多风险。最近,海獭致命传染病的最重要贡献者是由棘头腹膜炎引起的腹膜炎。尽管与ap相关的水獭死亡率很重要,但这种寄生虫从其鸟类最终宿主(海鸟和滨鸟)和甲壳类中间宿主太平洋鼹鼠蟹(Emerita analoga)中溢出的长期和季节性风险尚未得到很好的解决。我们分析了一个30年的海獭搁浅数据集(n = 4460例),以评估时间、人口、地理和环境风险因素对南部海獭中AP患病率的贡献。我们发现,AP的发病率是由Morro和Monterey海湾附近或附近的未成熟水獭的高患病率驱动的,主要是在晚春。AP流行率的季节性波动与搁浅水獭胃肠道中太平洋鼹鼠蟹的存在密切相关。在El Niño年,蒙特利湾水獭的AP患病率也较高。长期趋势分析表明,南部海獭中AP流行的季节、人口和地理模式已经发生了变化。通过长期监测评估AP和其他死亡来源的不断演变的风险,可以为南部海獭种群恢复工作提供信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Ecosphere
Ecosphere ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
378
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: The scope of Ecosphere is as broad as the science of ecology itself. The journal welcomes submissions from all sub-disciplines of ecological science, as well as interdisciplinary studies relating to ecology. The journal''s goal is to provide a rapid-publication, online-only, open-access alternative to ESA''s other journals, while maintaining the rigorous standards of peer review for which ESA publications are renowned.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信