Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics最新文献

{"title":"Numerical Investigation of the Hemodynamics Characteristics in Coronary Bifurcation Region with Different Dual Stent Implantation Techniques","authors":"Guangyu Zhu, Wei Cai, Q. Yuan, Lianglong Chen","doi":"10.32604/MCB.2019.05733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/MCB.2019.05733","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of coronary bifurcation lesions (CBL) in the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was reported to be approximately 15-20 % [Steigen (2006)]. The complex surgical techniques and the high incidence of restenosis make the treatment of CBL is still one of the most challenging fields in PCI. Even the single stent technique showed prognosis in most CBL treatment, dual stenting technique is still required in some cases. Our clinical follow-ups of dual stent implantation showed that the optimized provisional T-stenting (OPT) technique in CBL treatment has a lower restenosis rate compare with the Culotte stenting technique and T-stenting and small protrusion (TAP) technique. Though the local hemodynamic characteristics have been suggested as a key factor of the restenosis post PCI, the detailed hemodynamics features of the different dual stent implantation configurations are yet to be explored. In this study, the numerical simulations were performed to investigate the flow characteristics in coronary bifurcations with different dual stenting techniques.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"509 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76404424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic Segmentation Methods Based on Machine Learning for Intracoronary Optical Coherence Tomography Image","authors":"Caining Zhang, Xiaoya Guo, D. Tang, D. Molony, Chun Yang, H. Samady, Jie Zheng, G. Mintz, A. Maehara, M. Matsumura, D. Giddens","doi":"10.32604/MCB.2019.05747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/MCB.2019.05747","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular diseases are closely associated with sudden rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. Previous image modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) were unable to identify vulnerable plaques due to their limited resolution. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an advanced intravascular imaging technique developed in recent years which has high resolution approximately 10 microns and could provide more accurate morphology of coronary plaque. In particular, it is now possible to identify plaques with fibrous cap thickness < 65 µm, an accepted threshold value for vulnerable plaques.  However, the current segmentation of OCT images are still performed manually by physicians and the process is time consuming. Automatic segmentation and recognition of vulnerable plaques through quantification of plaque components have great clinical significance for cardiovascular research. Two segmentation methods for intracoronary OCT image based on support vector machine (SVM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) were performed to detect the lumen borders and characterize the plaque component. \u0000In vivo IVUS and OCT coronary plaque data from 5 patients were acquired at Emory University with patient’s consent obtained. Seventy-seven matched IVUS and OCT slices with good image quality and medium to large lipid cores were selected for our segmentation study.  Manual OCT segmentation was performed by experts and used as gold standard in the automatic segmentations.  VH-IVUS was used as references and guide by the experts in the manual segmentation process.  Three plaque component tissue classes were identified from OCT images in this work: lipid tissue (LT), fibrous tissue (FT) and background (BG). Procedures using two machine learning methods (CNN and SVM) were developed to segment OCT images, respectively. For CNN method, the U-Net architecture was selected due to its good performance in very different biomedical segmentation and very few annotated images. For SVM method, local binary patterns (LBPs), gray level co-occurrence matrices (GLCMs) which contains contrast, correlation, energy and homogeneity, entropy and mean value were calculated as features and assembled to feed SVM classifier. The accuracies of two segmentation methods were evaluated and compared using the OCT dataset. Segmentation accuracy is defined as the ratio of the number of pixels correctly classified over the total number of pixels. \u0000The overall classification accuracy based CNN method reached 95.8%, and the accuracies for LT, FT and BG were 86.8%, 83.4%, and 98.2%, respectively. The overall classification accuracy based SVM was 71.9%, and per-class accuracy for LT, FT and BG was 75.4%, 78.3%, and 67.0%, respectively. \u0000The two methods proposed can automatically detect the lumen borders and characterize the composition of the superficial plaque in OCT images and greatly reduce the time spent by doctors in segmenting and identifying plaques.  CNN ","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84321782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Papillary Muscle Related Biomechanical Properties of Mitral Valve Chordae Tendineae","authors":"Sheng-Liang Chen, Candra Ratna Sari, P. Segers, Guixue Wang, Xingshuang Ma","doi":"10.32604/MCB.2019.05740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/MCB.2019.05740","url":null,"abstract":". Introduction \u0000Mitral valve is a complex structure including the annulus, the anterior leaflet, the posterior leaflet, the papillary muscles (PM), and the chordae tendineae connecting the leaflets and PM. The mechanical properties of the chordae play an important role in the normal functioning of the mitral valve: the chordae assists in maintaining the opening and closing configuration of the valve during cardiac cycle. Failure of certain chordae may lead to failure of the mitral valve and in severe cases, will lead to heart disease and mortality. In some cases, the ruptured chord need to be corrected by repair or replacement. Therefore, there has been high interest in the analysis of the function, mechanical properties and shape features of the mitral apparatus to improve the surgical effect. \u0000Chordae can be distinguished by leaflet location insertion as primary and secondary chordae. These finger-like chords connect the mitral valve to either anterolateral papillary muscle (APM) or posteromedial papillary muscle (PPM). The PPM has a higher risk to necrose and rupture in myocardial ischemia and infarction in clinic, but it is underlying mechanism is still unknown. Previous studies have shown importance in maintaining the asymmetric structure and realistic material property of the mitral valve for physiological load condition, but simplified the chord as symmetric structure, which is not true. In this study, the porcine heart chords were classified and measured according to the attached PMs. The uniaxial tensile test was utilized to analyze the biomechanical properties of the papillary muscle related chordae and histology observation was carried out for microstructure analysis. This study aims to analyze the anatomical and mechanical property differences in chords based on PMs which may help to understand the mitral valve function and to optimize the design of the artificial implantation or repair. \u0000 \u0000 Methods and materials \u0000 \u0000Studies have shown that porcine valve was identified as an appropriate model for further investigation of the mitral valve system when considering the rarity of human valve. A total of 16 fresh porcine hearts were collected, infused in 4°C PBS buffer and infiltrated in physiological saline during the experiment, 9 of which were used for tensile testing, 6 for histological section staining, and 1 for TEM scanning. Based on insert position to PM (APM or PPM) and leaflets (primary on free edge and secondary on belly), the chord were divided into the APM primary chord, APM secondary chord, and PPM primary chord, and PPM secondary chord. The chords were separated from the valve, and the chordae diameter and length were measured via microscope, Markers were added at the target area of ​​the chord for strain measurement. The sample was then fixed on an Instron1000 uniaxial tensile test machine with sandpaper. Before the experiment, the specimens were preload from 0N to2N until the displacement curves were substantially coincident","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84909012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systems Modeling of Cardiomyocyte Mechanobiology","authors":"Philip M. Tan, Kyle S. Buchholz, Shulin Cao, Y. Aboelkassem, J. Omens, A. McCulloch, J. Saucerman","doi":"10.32604/MCB.2019.05693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/MCB.2019.05693","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we summarize our systems model of cardiomyocyte mechano-signaling published in PLoS Computational Biology and discuss new approaches to extending these models to predict cardiac myocyte gene expression in response to stretch.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"92 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91334115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Simulation of the Granulation Tissue Resection Operation in Human Trachea","authors":"Zhiguo Zhang, Chenying Jiang","doi":"10.32604/MCB.2019.05749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/MCB.2019.05749","url":null,"abstract":"To quantitatively analyze the aerodynamic changes in patient's trachea after the resection operation of hyperplastic granulation tissue, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method was utilized to perform the simulation. Firstly, three dimensional finite element model of the patient’s trachea before and after surgery were reconstructed based on CT images; secondly, the numerical simulation based on CFD method was performed to investigate the changes in aerodynamic changes in patient's trachea after excision. Results indicated that the dyspnea symptom was largely alleviated after the removal surgery, the abnormal morphology was obviously improved and the resistance of trachea was decreased significantly. Present research also demonstrates that CFD methods can be used to quantitatively evaluate the postoperative effects of the granulation tissue resection operation.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75728218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analytical Investigation of in Vivo Mechanical References for Mechanobiological Experiments of Vascular Cells","authors":"Shaoxiong Yang, X. Gong, Ying‐Xin Qi, Zong-Lai Jiang","doi":"10.32604/MCB.2019.05701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/MCB.2019.05701","url":null,"abstract":"Blood vessels interact with their mechanical environments in a comprehensive way. Local mechanical stimuli outside the biological range play important roles in various human cardiovascular diseases. Although many mechanobiological studies of endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro have been reported in mimicking cellular dysfunctions, their quantitative correlations to the in vivo vascular conditions remain unclear. In order to interpret the stress-modulated dysfunctions of vascular cells and explore the key mechanical factors in vascular diseases, it is important to investigate the mechanical environments of vessel walls in vivo under various physiological conditions. Based on nonlinear continuum mechanics, we analyzed the variations of the mechanical stress, strain, and wall stiffness in human blood vessels at different blood pressures. We adopted nine middle-aged arteries located at different physiological sites for stress analysis including three aortas (ascending thoracic, descending thoracic, and abdominal), and five arterial branches (common iliac, femoropopliteal, subclavian, common carotid, and renal, and left anterior descending coronary artery). The femoropopliteal arteries aged from 11 to 70 years were also adopted for investigating the aging effects. It is found that 1) the vascular cells experience various mechanical stimuli along the arterial tree; 2) the intima and adventitia exhibit distinct variations in stress and strain during the femoropopliteal artery aging; and 3) the magnitude of wall stiffness seems to depend on the arterial locations rather than aging. Although it is reported that stress concentration usually occurs in intima causing EC dysfunctions, our results suggest that the adventitia is more likely to bear high stresses in middle-aged aortas and aged femoropopliteal arteries, triggering the vascular inflammation. We conclude that the mechanical niches of vascular cells strongly depend on the physiological site and aging process. The present results contribute to a better understanding of the mechanical environments in vessel walls, which could serve as a reference for studying the vascular cell mechano-transduction.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89429721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Image-Based Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases","authors":"Peng Wu, Q. Gao, Wei Runjie, Wang Hongping, Lizhong Wang","doi":"10.32604/MCB.2019.05711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/MCB.2019.05711","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of human deaths worldwide. Traditional diagnostic tools of cardiovascular diseases are either based on 2D static medical images, or invasive, bringing troubles to both patients and doctors. Our team is committed to the development of image-based non-invasive diagnostic system for cardiovascular diseases. We have made progress mainly in the following areas: \u00001) 4D flow technology for heart and large blood vessels. According to MRI 4D Flow data, three-dimensional velocity fields within blood vessels were constructed. Divergence-fee smoothing (DFS) was proposed to eliminate the high frequency noise in the hemodynamic flow field, and make the smoothed velocity field to satisfy the divergence-free condition. The vascular wall shear stress, pressure and other physiological indicators were obtained, their accuracy can meet the need of clinical applications. \u00002) Accurate noninvasive diagnostic techniques for coronary arterial disease. According to coronary CTA imaging data, 3D reconstruction of coronary arteries was achieved coronary stenosis and plaque lesion were identified and analyzed. Coronary microcirculation was modeled using a 0d model; the coronary artery FFR were computed through the Fast FFR technique, which was based on the reduced-order computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The Fast FFR technique can compute the FFR within 5 minutes. Similar techniques have been used in the preoperative evaluation of intraluminal artery bypass. \u00003) In vitro evaluation of artificial heart valves and blood-contacting artificial organs. High-fidelity CFD and PIV technique were developed to study the flow field in the artificial heart valve and blood pumps. In vitro platform for experimentally and numerically evaluate the blood damage were also developed.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90055158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of Common Carotid Arterial Function by Exercise: A Hemodynamics Study","authors":"K. Qin","doi":"10.32604/MCB.2019.05703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/MCB.2019.05703","url":null,"abstract":"Common carotid arteries (CCAs) are the major arteries supplying blood to the brain, and the hemodynamic variables in which are closely associated with the cardiovascular diseases. Exercise can induce the hemodynamic responses in the CCAs, including variations in blood pressure, circumferential stretch, and wall shear stress (WSS). Mechanosensors in the endothelial cells (ECs) are able to sense and distinguish these variations as mechanical signal, and transmit them into the interior of cells to affect cellular morphology and gene expression. Notably, reasonable exercises improve arterial structure and function, while unreasonable exercises cause endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, studies on the modulation of common carotid arterial structure and function by exercises are quite necessary, and it’s significant to choose reasonable exercise modalities for improving arterial structure and function and preventing cardiovascular diseases. In this work, firstly, we studied the acute and chronic effects of different exercise modalities on the carotid arterial elasticity and hemodynamic variables. The results showed that the acute exercise caused the increases in arterial elastic modulus, blood pressure and the magnitude and frequency of WSS, and led to the decrease of arterial diameter; moreover, the changes in these hemodynamic variables exhibited an exercise-intensity-dependent manner. Additionally, the responses of intracellular nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the autophagy flux to WSS waveforms induced by different intensity exercise were also studied in a multi-component parallel-plate flow chamber system. The experimental results indicated that autophagy regulated intracellular NO and ROS production, and the magnitude and frequency of WSS induced by the moderate intensity exercise were more beneficial to improve arterial endothelial function than the high intensity exercise. Finally, the feasibility of quantitative regulation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in ECs by WSS was preliminarily investigated and confirmed in a microfluidic chip. In summary, our work indicated that it is feasible to choose reasonable exercise modalities to accurately modulate the hemodynamic variables, including blood pressure, blood flow and WSS in the CCAs, and then to improve the structure and function of the CCAs.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81917035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect and Mechanism of Kir2.1 Channel Overexpression on Transdifferentiation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells","authors":"Jifeng Li, Yanting He, Xiaoyun Zhang, Hong Li, Xiumei Guan, Min Cheng, Xiaodong Cui","doi":"10.32604/MCB.2019.05753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/MCB.2019.05753","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The propose of the study is to investigate the specific effects of the mechanically sensitive channel Kir2.1 on the transdifferentiation of EPCs so as to understand the molecular mechanism of pathological vascular remodeling. Methods Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were isolated from rat bone marrow and cultured in EGM2 medium in vitro. The recombinant lentiviral vectors carrying Kir2.1 (NM_017296.1) gene was designed and constructed in order to overexpress the gene. The smooth muscle cells (SMCs) molecules marker on EPCs, such as α-SMA, FSP1 and α-SM22, were detected by RT-PCR and cellular immunofluorescence. In addition, cell angiogenic capacity and migration in vitro were assessed by Matrigel and Transwell methods respectively. Moreover, neointimal thickening was evaluated in the surgery model of balloon injury of rat carotid artery in vivo. Result The results showed that the expression levels of α-SM22, FSP1 and α-SMA were up-regulated in the Kir2.1 overexpression group compared with the control. The number of migrating cells in the Kir2.1 overexpression group was significantly higher than that in the scramble group, while quantitative assessment further confirmed that the Kir2.1 overexpression strongly attenuated the ability of bone marrow-derived EPC to form tube-like structures in Matrigel assay. Compared with the control group, morphometric analysis showed ratio of intimal area/medial area (I/M) in rats was increased in rats transplanted with Lenti-Kir2.1 overexpression. Conclusion It is indicated that the overexpression of channel Kir2.1 induces EPCs transdifferentiated into mesenchymal transition SMCs (EndoMT). It may provide a potential target for the treatment or prevention of pathological vascular remodeling disease.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88571408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of P53 in Transdifferentiation of EPCs into Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by Oscillatory Shear Stress","authors":"Yu Gao, Meiyue Wang, Yanting He, Lanlan Li, Xiaodong Cui, Min Cheng, Xiaoyun Zhang","doi":"10.32604/mcb.2019.05758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/mcb.2019.05758","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the effects of P53 in transdifferentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) into smooth muscle cells induced by oscillatory shear stress. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were planted on slide and treated with 4 dyne/cm2 oscillatory shear stress (OSS). Results showed that the expression P53 was decreased time dependent after OSS. The OSS also attenuated the endothelial cells marker vWF and CD31 expression but enhanced the marker of smooth muscle cell α-SMA and SM22 expression in EPCs. After EPCs were pretreated with P53 agonist, the changes of angiogenesis in vitro were detected by matrix gel, and the expressions of alpha-SMA and SM22 were detected by Western blot. The results showed that simple oscillatory shear stress could decrease but P53 agonist could improve the ability of angiogenesis on EPCs, and down-regulate the expression of α-SMA and SM22. From the above results, we speculate that P53 may play a role in the transdifferentiation of EPCs into smooth muscle cells induced by OSS.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85002254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}