Ain Shams Engineering Journal最新文献

{"title":"Hyperparameter-tuned variational Bayesian Gaussian mixture model-based fault time detection method for distribution networks with distributed generation","authors":"Lei Xu,&nbsp;Fei Rong,&nbsp;Yiqin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fault self-synchronization method enables cost-effective data synchronization for differential protection in distribution networks but suffers from synchronization errors under complex faults due to detection algorithm sensitivity. To address this, the paper analyzes the delay mechanism in active distribution network fault detection and factors affecting synchronization errors. A framework combining curvature analysis and mathematical morphology is proposed to enhance fault feature identification in current signals. Curvature analysis extracts and amplifies fault features, while mathematical morphology preprocesses data, improving signal quality and reducing distortion. Additionally, a fault time detection method based on Hyperparameter-Tuned Variational Bayesian Gaussian Mixture Models is introduced. This method eliminates redundant Gaussian components for optimal modeling and uses a sliding window for adaptive clustering, ensuring precise fault detection. Simulations confirm its effectiveness in rapid fault detection, maintaining synchronization accuracy, and exhibiting robustness to noise, initial fault phase angles, and sampling frequency variations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 103596"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal infrared camera module for Satellite-Based Sea surface temperature monitoring in thin cirrus clouds areas","authors":"Danny Faturachman ,&nbsp;Bustanul Arifin ,&nbsp;Irwan Priyanto ,&nbsp;Adam Arif Budiman ,&nbsp;Linda Nur Afifa ,&nbsp;Ahmad Fauzi","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of a Thermal Infrared Camera Module designed for satellite-based Sea Surface Temperature (SST) monitoring addresses the critical challenges of SST monitoring in regions with frequent thin cirrus cloud cover, such as the Banda Sea and Arafura Sea. The design process included spectral range determination; optical performance analysis using Zemax; mechanical design using CAD; thermal and structural design using Thermal Desktop-SINDA/FLUINT; and complementation consisting of electronics and calibration. The results in figures and tables show that the module meets all technical criteria. The spectral range of 9.5–11.5 µm allows the module to penetrate clouds, providing accurate SST data in tropical regions where existing systems such as MODIS and VIIRS have difficulty. The module offers a spatial resolution of 400 m, above the resolution of MODIS and VIIRS. These advantages make the camera module an effective tool for monitoring climate change, sustainable fisheries management, and marine ecosystem health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 103407"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-area decentralized optimal power flow framework for smart grids with interconnected transmission networks","authors":"Muhammad Asghar Majeed ,&nbsp;Sotdhipong Phichaisawat ,&nbsp;Furqan Asghar ,&nbsp;Umair Hussan","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smart grids (SGs) are revolutionizing modern power systems by enhancing operational efficiency, reliability, and the integration renewable energy through advanced communication protocols, decentralized control architectures, and intelligent automation. The transmission network serves as the critical infrastructure underpinning this transformation, enabling real-time monitoring, adaptive automation, and high-speed data exchange to ensure secure and efficient electricity delivery across large-scale systems. To fully exploit these advancements, optimal power flow (OPF) methodologies are essential for minimizing losses and enhancing grid stability under dynamic and uncertain conditions. This study proposes a fully decentralized OPF framework for multi-area smart grids, utilizing a bio-inspired Dynamic Leader Election Algorithm (DLEA) to optimize decision-making and enhance coordination. The framework extends from a 14-bus, 4-area test system to large-scale networks up to 515 buses, incorporating renewable energy modules and IoT-enabled adaptive loads for real-time optimization. Simulation results on a 515-bus system demonstrate that DLEA achieves a cost of $530.432 with an error of <span><math><mrow><mn>3.901</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo>%</mo><mo>,</mo></mrow></math></span> outperforming benchmark algorithms such as the Optimal Control Design (OCD), which incurs a higher cost of $563.563 and an error of 7.109<span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> %. Additionally, DLEA completes optimization in 14.678 s with 63.291 % efficiency, compared to OCD’s 190.201 s and 62.273 % efficiency. A comparative analysis across different algorithms reveals that DLEA reduces transmission losses, achieves better power line utilization, and maintains all bus voltages within the stable operational range of 1.0–1.1p.u. The algorithm demonstrates a 1.22 % higher efficiency than ADMM and converges faster with fewer iterations. These results confirm DLEA’s superior performance in scalability, stability, and computational efficiency. A feasibility analysis conducted for diverse regions—including Thailand, Pakistan, and Australia—further supports the robustness and practical applicability of the proposed framework in heterogeneous grid infrastructures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 103590"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grey water and carbon footprint of textile industry: A case study","authors":"Keivan Arastou,&nbsp;Amir Hosseinzadeh,&nbsp;Shervin Jamshidi,&nbsp;Parham Tafazzoli","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the multi-pollutant grey water footprint (GWF) of textile production based on industrial wastewater samples from a factory in Isfahan, Iran. Chemical oxidation demand (COD), alkylbenzene sulfonate, phosphate, totals suspended solids, fats-oil-grease, cyanide, and phenol were analyzed. Their monthly average concentrations were 10137, 2.1, 354, 4306, 168, 0.56, and 1.3 mg/L, respectively. Phosphate emerged as the critical pollutant, increasing GWF to 113 L/m² of textile product (281 L/kg product). COD and phenol were the following critical pollutants in GWF with 59 and 39 L/m², respectively. By consuming both electricity and natural gas, the carbon footprint was also 10 gCO₂/m² of production (25 gCO₂/kg product). These findings highlighted the substantial environmental pressures exerted by the textile industry and underscored the need for sustainable practices. Through an inclusive quantitative framework, the study advocates for GWF assessments that incorporate multiple pollutants, including hazardous wastewater constituents, to better evaluate environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 103593"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel integrated key performance indicator for evaluating open-pit mine haulage systems: application of GMG standards","authors":"Sebeom Park ,&nbsp;Dahee Jung ,&nbsp;Yosoon Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the performance of a haulage system in a South Korean limestone open-pit mine using the standardized time classification framework proposed by the Global Mining Guidelines Group (GMG). Additionally, a new integrated key performance indicator (KPI) that consolidates nine individual KPIs proposed by GMG is introduced. The aim is to assess the availability, utilization, and effectiveness of the haulage system comprising trucks and loaders, while developing a more intuitive and comprehensive KPI for performance assessment. Data were collected from various sources, including work orders, work logs, the haulage management system, and time studies, then classified according to the GMG standardized time categories. This study applied three methods—equal weighting, GMG group-based weighted aggregation, and correlation analysis with clustering—to calculate the integrated KPI and compare the results. The results showed high physical and mechanical availability (over 97%), but relatively low asset utilization (average 35.9%) and production effectiveness (average 59.8%). Using the GMG group-based weighted aggregation method, integrated KPI scores ranged from 69.8% (Truck 33) to 79.2% (Trucks 37 and 38), indicating performance differences related to uptime and utilization. This research suggests that integrated KPI is an effective tool for efficiently evaluating system performance and quickly identifying issues, thereby significantly improving the efficiency and sustainability of mining operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 103589"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of mathematical model for the prediction of zinc removal from a wastewater in microbial fuel cell","authors":"Lianxiu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc is used in the manufacture of various products such as alloys, paints, plastics, and rubber. A large amount of wastewater containing zinc is generated during the production of zinc metal. Wastewater containing zinc can cause several environmental issues. One of the methods for the removal and recovery of zinc from wastewater is the use of double-chamber microbial fuel cells. Mathematical modeling of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) as a useful tool is used for the evaluation of the effect of various operating parameters on its performance. Integration of bio-electrochemical kinetics with charge balance and mass transfer equations was performed in the developed model. The findings showed great agreement between the experimental results and the values obtained from the model in terms of zinc concentration as a function of time. In 24 hr, the zinc concentration was decreased from 1.82 mol/m³ to approximately 0.2 mol/m³. It was also found that the pH increased from 7.4 to 8.2 with an increase in zinc concentration from 0 to 10 ppm. An increase in temperature can lead to an increase in the pH of the system. Furthermore, the potential decreased as temperature increased in the microbial fuel cells. The growth rate of biomass was lower at the beginning, but it was increased sharply between 9 hr and 24 hr. There was a considerable decrease in acetate concentration in the anode compartment where the rate of biomass growth was higher.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 103558"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced control strategies for managing frequency fluctuations during deloading of a photovoltaic system","authors":"Ibrahim M. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Abdelmomen U. Mahgoub,&nbsp;Mohamed Rabah,&nbsp;Tarek A. Boghdady","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar and wind power systems are receiving increased attention across multiple nations. Unlike traditional converters, this converter lacks inertia due to the absence of rotating mass, resulting in an overall decrease in grid inertia. Consequently, the grid becomes more vulnerable to frequency disturbances.</div><div>In wind plants, reliance is often placed on the energy stored in the rotating mass. Conversely, solar power plants operate at reduced capacity to maintain a reserve of energy that can be utilized during instances of frequency disturbance. Existing literature explores various control methods; however, these methods have shown minimal impact on the rate of change of frequency (RoCof). Furthermore, they fail to present a comprehensive strategy for restoring stored energy to its original state. We introduces a blended control approach to enhance both the frequency nadir and RoCof. Additionally, a modified controller is proposed to facilitate a secure return to the normal state of stored energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 103554"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized multiple object tracking with conformalized graph neural network and narwhal optimizer for embedded system IoT and mobile edge computing","authors":"R. Josphineleela ,&nbsp;G.V. Sam Kumar ,&nbsp;T. Ramesh ,&nbsp;K.S. Balamurugan","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a novel Multiple Object Visual Tracking (MOT) approach integrating Conformalized Graph Neural Network (CF-GNN) with Narwhal Optimizer (NO) for enhanced tracking accuracy and efficiency in IoT and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) applications. Addressing challenges like noise, occlusion, and high computational complexity, the method employs Robust Double-Weighted Guided Image Filter (RDWGIF) for noise reduction, Improved YOLO v5 with Residual Group Attention Network (RGA-Net) for detection, and Dual-Branch Geometric Attention Network (DBGANet) for optimized feature extraction. Achieving 99.9% accuracy, 99.83% precision, 99.85% recall, and 99.88% F1-score, along with reduced power consumption (4.44 PC) and a 99% AUC, this method outperforms existing tracking solutions, making it highly effective for resource-constrained edge environments. While the proposed method demonstrates exceptional performance on the MOT16 dataset, its generalizability to more diverse or complex real-world scenarios and datasets requires further investigation, and scalability may be challenged in ultra-constrained hardware environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 103581"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operation planning of hybrid power system by using smart grid based on robust control for mitigating the shortage power with clean energy","authors":"Salman Dakhil ,&nbsp;Korhan Kayisli","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents comprehensive research related to hybrid power systems (HPSs) and Operational Planning (OP) in Smart Grids (SGs) across various types and scenarios, providing a comprehensive review of robust control (RC) techniques. Additionally, the paper offers a detailed understanding all components of the HPS. Lastly, the study examines the status of electrical energy in Iraq, with a particular focus on the use of renewable energy. This research contributes by providing essential information, data, and a thorough understanding of the design and implementation of hybrid energy systems in Iraq, which aim to deliver sustainable electrical energy to citizens who have endured power fluctuations and outages for decades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 103576"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degree, closeness and eigenvector for the construction of cryptographically secure S-boxes","authors":"Amal S. Alali ,&nbsp;Muhammad Kamran Jamil ,&nbsp;Rashad Ali ,&nbsp;Refah Alotaibi ,&nbsp;Wedad Albalawi","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Facial identification systems are crucial in biometric security, making their protection against adversarial attacks essential. Ensuring the robustness of encryption methods in these systems is vital to prevent identity fraud and unauthorized access. This research examines the intersection of cryptography, substitution boxes (S-box) and graph theory, which focus on creating very secure cryptographic systems. In particular, we check the use of random graphs with 16 vertices in the construction of S-box, which are important components of many cryptographic algorithms, including block cipher. This research paper delves into the relationship between the graph properties, such as degrees, closeness, eigenvector and their impact on the design of strong S-box. By using a random graph structure, we analyze how these graphs can be utilized to increase nonlinearity and analyze the properties of S-boxes, which are necessary to oppose cryptanalysis attacks. The study highlights the ability to use graph-theoretic concepts to generate S-box with better cryptographic protection contributes to a broad understanding of rareness and graphic properties that can be effectively used in cryptography. The results show the importance of integrating graph theory into cryptographic design, which provides a new approach to improve the flexibility and performance of the cryptographic system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 103559"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}