Ain Shams Engineering Journal最新文献

{"title":"Safety assessment for different crest raising scenarios of earth dams","authors":"Doaa A. EL-Molla ,&nbsp;Murat Kilit","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the effect of raising earth dams on their safety against seepage and slope stability. A zoned earth dam is considered without a drain, then with a horizontal drain. The effect of the dam raising method is evaluated through two scenarios. Scenario 1 proposes raising the dam’s whole body, while scenario 2 suggests raising the downstream part only, using a retaining wall and downstream backfill. The two scenarios are assessed by raising 10%, 20%, and 30% of the original dam’s height. For scenario 1, different hydraulic conductivities for the raised core were evaluated. For scenario 2, different downstream backfilling materials and slopes were investigated. The results show that dam raising increases the seepage discharge and reduces the downstream slope stability, especially if a high-permeability material is used to raise the core or a low-permeability material is used for the downstream backfill. The importance of the downstream drain is also highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103684"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of temperature changes on the thermomechanical behavior and interface stress of longitudinal connected slab track","authors":"Xuhao Cui ,&nbsp;Yapeng Liu ,&nbsp;Hongbin Xu ,&nbsp;Hong Xiao ,&nbsp;Yihao Chi ,&nbsp;Shaolei Wei ,&nbsp;Yanliang Du","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of modern railway systems, ensuring the structural integrity and longevity of longitudinal connected slab tracks under variable environmental conditions is paramount. This study aims to address the critical gap in understanding how diurnal temperature variations affect the deformation and interface integrity of such tracks, specifically within the framework of the China Railway Track System II (CRTS II). Employing a sophisticated three-dimensional model and leveraging the cohesive zone model (CZM) for simulating interface bonding behaviors, the research meticulously evaluates the temperature profiles, thermal deformations, and interface stresses of the slab track under daily thermal fluctuations. Notable findings include the observation of significantly higher temperature gradients in summer, with peak positive gradients approximately twice those of negative gradients. The analysis reveals pronounced deformation near the slab edges—arching due to positive gradients and warping under negative gradients, with arching deformation magnitudes substantially exceeding those of warping. Interface stress distribution proved to be non-uniform, with the highest stress concentrations near the slab edges reaching up to 0.094 MPa at 13:00. Seasonally, summer presents the greatest challenge regarding thermal deformation, interface stress, and damage, underscoring the necessity for enhanced monitoring and maintenance strategies during high daytime temperatures. The investigation concludes with the finding that minor interlayer bonding damage predominantly occurs at the track edges, yet does not escalate to full bonding failure or extensive cracking, thus preserving the structural integrity overall.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103719"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractional-order mathematical modeling and optimal control strategies for women's empowerment initiatives","authors":"A. El-Mesady ,&nbsp;Amr Elsonbaty ,&nbsp;Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar ,&nbsp;Waleed Adel","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Women's empowerment is essential for societal development, with government initiatives playing a pivotal role in this process. This study introduces a fractional-order mathematical model capturing the dynamics of women's empowerment, emphasizing the impact of governmental efforts. The population is divided into five compartments, reflecting the transition from initial challenges to full empowerment. An analytical investigation establishes the existence, uniqueness, positivity, and boundedness of the model's solutions. Stability and sensitivity analyses are performed to explore the effects of key parameters on the system's behavior. Additionally, a fractional-order optimal control model is proposed to help policymakers design effective control strategies. Using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle, we derive conditions for optimal control and compare controlled and uncontrolled scenarios to assess the impact of interventions. Simulation results show that integrated strategies, combining government support and policy interventions, accelerate empowerment outcomes. The fractional model captures the complex dynamic nature of empowerment and provides actionable insights for sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103702"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring shallow water wave phenomena: A fractional approach to the Whitham-Broer-Kaup-Boussinesq-Kupershmidt system","authors":"Tianyong Han ,&nbsp;Yueyong Jiang ,&nbsp;Hongguang Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study generalizes the Whitham-Broer-Kaup-Boussinesq-Kupershmidt (WBKBK) system to a fractional-order model using conformable derivatives, aiming to better capture wave dissipation, anomalous dispersion, and memory effects in shallow water waves. The Modified Extended Direct Algebraic Method (MEDAM) is employed to derive a series of solitary wave solutions, including kink waves, periodic waves, and solitons. These solutions are validated through numerical simulations using the quartic B-spline collocation method, demonstrating excellent agreement between analytical and numerical results. A linear stability analysis of a representative kink wave solution illustrates the robustness of the derived solutions under specific parameter conditions. This research enriches the theoretical understanding of fractional WBKBK systems and provides valuable tools for modeling complex wave dynamics in fluid dynamics, plasma physics, and nonlinear optics, with potential applications in coastal engineering and marine resource development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103700"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secure optical cryptographical transmission of solitons to fractal fractional Kairat model by novel approach","authors":"Muhammad Idrees Afridi","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the dynamics of fractal solitons in fractal fractional models, which are crucial for optical communications, oceanography, and mathematical physics. The generalised form of the fractal-fractional Kairat-II model (<span><math><mi>FFKM</mi></math></span>) is investigated using a conformable derivative, which is a fractal-fractional derivative (<span><math><mi>FFD</mi></math></span>). The fractal fractional method of variational form (<span><math><mi>FFVWM</mi></math></span>) is a new mathematical technique that successfully obtains certain new fractal solitons of the governing model. Additionally, to guarantee the transmission of solitons, examine the solitons using the cryptographic technique of Encryption-Decryption (<span><math><mi>ED</mi></math></span>). This novel method has the advantages of being easy to use, efficient, and convenient. The 3-dimensional, 2-dimensional, and contour plots demonstrate the importance of these recently discovered fractal soliton solutions for expanding our understanding of physical oceanography.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103690"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel vision transformer-based power quality disturbance classification method","authors":"Sıtkı Akkaya ,&nbsp;Sezer Dümen","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate and automated classification of power quality disturbances (PQDs) is essential for ensuring the reliability and stability of smart power systems. This study introduces a novel classification framework that combines a Vision Transformer (ViT) model with<!--> <!-->an innovative signal-to-image transformation technique, which directly reshapes 1D time series (T.S.) signals into 32 × 32 grayscale images, thereby eliminating complex preprocessing steps such as feature extraction or wavelet transforms.<!--> <!-->Unlike traditional approaches that rely on handcrafted features or spectrogram-based methods, this<!--> <!-->lightweight conversion preserves temporal characteristics while enabling efficient end-to-end learning through ViT’s attention mechanism. The model was evaluated on a comprehensive dataset comprising<!--> <!-->21 distinct PQD classes, systematically generated under real-world conditions (20–50 dB noise levels and ± 0.5 Hz frequency deviations)<!--> <!-->using two Arbitrary Waveform Generators (AWGs).<!--> <!-->The proposed system achieved state-of-the-art performance with 99.23 % classification accuracy and an exceptionally fast inference time of 3.58 ms per sample, demonstrating both precision and suitability for real-time applications.<!--> <!-->Remarkably, the architecture maintained robust performance across all noise levels, confirming its strong generalization capability. Despite using an image-based approach, the method’s computational efficiency, achieved through optimized patch processing and compact input dimensions, makes it deployable in resource-constrained embedded systems.<!--> <!-->These findings position the framework as a practical foundation for next-generation PQD monitoring systems.<!--> <!-->The study advances the field by: (1) introducing the first ViT-based solution for raw PQD signal classification, (2) establishing a new benchmark in processing efficiency (3.58 ms runtime), and (3) demonstrating unprecedented robustness to both noise and frequency variations. Overall, this work provides a<!--> <!-->scalable, accurate, and hardware-friendly solution<!--> <!-->for intelligent power quality management, showcasing the untapped potential of transformer architectures in T.S. industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103718"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sustainable future of cities under uncertainty: identifying key factors of adaptive urban resilience in Yazd, Iran","authors":"Ali Naderi,&nbsp;Kamal Khoshnevis","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the focus of previous studies on the static aspects of urban resilience, a significant gap remains in understanding its adaptive dynamics under uncertainty. This study seeks to identify the key factors influencing Adaptive Urban Resilience (AUR) in Yazd, Iran, through a hybrid methodological framework comprising Delphi, MICMAC (Matrix of Crossed Impact Multiplications Applied to a Classification), and Monte Carlo simulation. A total of 52 indicators across eight urban resilience dimensions were evaluated. The results indicate that the efficiency of climate change adaptation mechanisms (EN7) had the highest influence score (98.00), positioning it as a strategic leverage point for system-wide adaptation. Land-use change (PH4) with a score of 92.99, and geopolitical risks (P4) with 91.99, also emerged as top drivers of systemic transformation. In contrast, environmental pollution (EN1) and green space accessibility (EN2) were identified as highly unstable variables, necessitating flexible and adaptive planning. Overall, the findings underscore systemic instability driven by interlinked physical, political, and environmental factors. The proposed framework offers actionable insights for integrated and forward-looking urban resilience planning in arid, heritage-rich cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103732"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability and Hopf bifurcation analysis of a delayed malware mutation model for wireless rechargeable sensor networks with energy constraints","authors":"Haoyu Wang ,&nbsp;J.F. Gómez Aguilar ,&nbsp;Ghaus ur Rahman ,&nbsp;Zizhen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid progression in the field of information technology, the security of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) becomes an alarming issue around the globe. This research presents an innovative malware propagation model for wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs), including virus mutation and two specific temporal delays: a charging delay (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ς</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) and a temporary vaccination period delay (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ς</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>). In contrast to other models, our proposed approach accurately reflects the real-time dynamics of energy-constrained WRSNs by incorporating a fifth compartment for low-energy nodes and implementing unidirectional malware mutation. Utilizing linear stability and Hopf bifurcation analyses, we establish explicit criteria for the system's transition from stability to periodic oscillations. The incorporation of delay parameters clarifies essential thresholds for the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation. In contrast to Liu et al. (2020), who focused solely on charging delay and omitted global stability analysis, our enhanced model integrates two fundamental reproduction numbers, energy limitations, and dual delays, thereby facilitating more precise prediction and control of malware propagation. We additionally demonstrate global stability utilizing a Lyapunov functional and support our theoretical results with extensive numerical simulations. A stepwise implementation algorithm is also included to facilitate realistic deployment in IoT contexts. Our technique, in comparison to previous models, provides a delay reduction of up to 35%, increased resilience against mutated malware, and prolonged sustainable operation under energy limitations, rendering it extremely suitable for safe real-world WRSNs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103697"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing lake water level forecasting with attention-based LSTM: a data-driven approach to hydrology and tourism dynamics","authors":"Máté Chapon ,&nbsp;Serkan Ozdemir","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent decades, freshwater lakes in the Northern Hemisphere have faced significant challenges, including severe water shortages and increased stormwater discharges. As a result, accurate forecasting of lake water levels has become essential for effective water resource management, flood mitigation, and ecological sustainability—all of which are interconnected with dynamics in tourism within freshwater basins. This study evaluates the performance of an Attention-based Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model compared to a standard LSTM for predicting lake water levels over 5-day and 30-day intervals, utilizing five different input combinations at one of Hungary’s popular tourist destinations Lake Velence. The results demonstrate that the Attention-based LSTM consistently outperforms the standard LSTM, particularly in long-term forecasting, as it effectively captures relevant temporal dependencies and reduces error accumulation. Additionally, a Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between guest nights and environmental factors, including lake water level, precipitation, temperature, and evapotranspiration. The findings reveal a strong correlation between guest nights and both temperature and evapotranspiration, while the associations with lake water level and precipitation are relatively weak. This indicates that climate conditions, rather than hydrological variations, primarily drive visitor numbers. The study highlights the importance of integrating advanced machine learning models in hydrological forecasting and tourism planning, providing valuable insights for sustainable water management and climate-adaptive tourism strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103723"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal operation of electric vehicle charging stations with solar and wind energy systems in distribution network using JAYA algorithm","authors":"Kushal Manohar Jagtap ,&nbsp;Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh ,&nbsp;Ramya Kuppusamy ,&nbsp;Yuvaraja Teekaraman","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inadequate additional burden of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) and renewable energy resources (RERs) affects the techno-economic operations of distribution networks (DNs) negatively. This paper proposes a two-stage multi-objective optimization model for the secure and economic operations of DNs through integration of EVCSs and RERs. In stage 1, the power demands of EVCSs equipped with Level 1 (AC), Level 2 (AC), and Level 3 (DC) supply equipment are determined. This stage aims to ensure system stability and security while optimizing the energy fed to EVCSs to meet the power demand of EVs during charging. By following the network in stage 1, RERs in stage 2, especially solar and wind energy systems, are integrated with a focus on maximizing economic benefits. Simultaneously, the cost of power purchases from the grid by DN operators is minimized without affecting the stability and security of the network. Hourly fluctuations of electricity prices provided by the electricity market and contract prices of solar and wind energy systems are also taken into account in this stage to analyze their dynamic effect on the network performance. In both stages, voltage stability and voltage deviation tools are utilized to identify the most appropriate/suitable locations for EVCSs as well as solar and wind energy resources. The paper employs a single weight tree structure approach to handle the multi-objective optimization, as opposed to the traditional approach of converting multi-objectives into a single objective by using multiple weights. The proposed method is tested on 69-bus DN and optimum results are obtained by using the Modified JAYA algorithm. Obtained results are compared with those of traditional JAYA, Particle Swarm optimization and Differential Evolution algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103712"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}