Ain Shams Engineering Journal最新文献

{"title":"Multi-criteria data-driven framework for drainage water reuse sustainability","authors":"M.M. Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Mohamed Shaban ,&nbsp;Ehab Abd El-Karim ,&nbsp;Abeer Samy","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural drainage water reuse (ADWR) is a critical supplement to water resources amid escalating shortages. However, its sustainability faces complex challenges. This study developed a multi-criterion, data-driven framework incorporating key sustainability criteria such as water quality, water quantity, changes in freshwater salinity, monitoring network, and operational costs to assess ADWR practices. The framework was applied to Egypt’s Eastern Nile Delta using water quality and quantity data from 2018 to 2023. Results identified Hanut reuse station as the most sustainable, while Saft ranked lowest due to its severe effect on freshwater salinity. ADWR increased steadily to 2.602 billion cubic meters annually, with an additional 1.879 billion cubic meters potentially achievable through sustainable mixing practices. Salinity significantly affects long-term reuse viability, emphasizing the need for adopting brackish water desalination. This study offers practical insights into ADWR sustainability, with recommendations to enhance the model’s inclusiveness for sustainability assessments in arid regions and globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 103782"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative analysis of hyperparameter optimization using LSTM-based deep learning models for urban air quality predictions","authors":"Beytullah Eren ,&nbsp;Caner Erden ,&nbsp;Ayşegül Atalı ,&nbsp;Serkan Ozdemir","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air pollution poses significant threats to human health and the environment, necessitating accurate prediction models for effective management and mitigation strategies. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of hyperparameter optimization techniques for Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based deep learning models in urban air quality forecasting. We focus on predicting concentrations of four key pollutants: carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_X), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and particulate matter (PM₁₀). The study employs and compares three prominent hyperparameter optimization methods: Random Search, Bayesian Optimization, and Hyperband. Using air quality data from Sakarya, Turkey, collected between January 2020 and September 2022, we first addressed missing data through comparative analysis of mean imputation and k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) imputation methods. Our results demonstrate that kNN imputation generally outperforms mean imputation, except for NO_X predictions. The hyperparameter-optimized LSTM models consistently outperformed baseline models across all pollutants. Notably, the Hyperband Search algorithm excelled in NO_X prediction, while Bayesian Optimization showed superior performance for other pollutants. Our analysis also revealed temporal trends in pollutant concentrations during the COVID-19 pandemic, including significant reductions in PM₁₀ and CO levels. This study contributes to AI-driven environmental monitoring by comparing hyperparameter optimization techniques in urban air quality modeling. The improved prediction accuracy offered by our optimized models has significant implications for public health protection, environmental policymaking, and smart city initiatives. Our findings underscore the importance of tailored optimization approaches for different pollutants and highlight the potential of advanced machine learning techniques in addressing environmental challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 103786"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new framework for accurate drought monitoring: the Regional Ensembled Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (RESPEI)","authors":"Sajid Gul ,&nbsp;Muhammad Asif Khan ,&nbsp;Xia Cui ,&nbsp;Mingyan Guo ,&nbsp;Gokmen Ceribasi","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study delves into the crucial aspects of effective drought assessment, emphasizing the need for precise and diverse meteorological variables in monitoring droughts. Theoretical underpinnings of long-distance measurement encompassing the aforementioned features of an early warning drought system are also presented. A new framework, namely the Regional Ensembled Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (RESPEI), for regional drought monitoring is proposed. Empirical research using data from ten meteorological stations in Pakistan validates the efficiency of the proposed algorithm for accurate drought characterization, revealing significant disparities between the existing and proposed methods. Furthermore, this paper evaluates the usefulness of RESPEI and SPEI indices for regional drought evaluation and investigates the impact of global warming on drought assessment. Utilizing maximum precipitation and evapotranspiration data on a regional basis, k-component mixture distributions are applied to compute the indices for diverse time scales. The findings indicate that a K-component model is relevant for nearly all stations according to the Bayesian Informative Criteria (BIC) scores. The indices’ temporal variability is assessed and split into short, medium, and prolonged-drought evaluations, and a correlation analysis and statistical significance test are performed to assess the relationship between the indices. The proposed indices are deemed suitable for regional drought assessment based on the results. Lastly, trend analysis shows decreasing trends of droughts in most stations, except for Bunji and Chilas stations where a significant increasing trend is detected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 103753"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From concept to action: active mobility cards for collective spaces in block-system urban neighborhoods","authors":"Rowaida Rashed","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Active mobility is essential for creating sustainable, healthy, and inclusive urban neighborhoods. This article explores how collective spaces in block-system neighborhoods can support active mobility in daily life. It employs a qualitative, structured methodology, combining a refined keyword-based literature review and snowballing technique to identify design principles and related urban strategies. Each strategy builds on established urban design models to ensure theoretical and practical relevance. The study synthesizes the findings into illustrated Active Mobility Cards, offering actionable guidance for planners, designers, and decision makers. Results highlight that when collective spaces prioritize connectivity, safety, comfort, social engagement and inclusivity, they promote walking and cycling, reduce car dependency, and strengthen neighborhood ties. The article concludes that integrating these principles and strategies into neighborhood planning can help transform collective spaces into vibrant, flexible, and resilient environments, advancing public health, social equity, and environmental sustainability, and contributing to more livable communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 103771"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An innovative methodology in analyzing two-degrees-of-freedom of coupled dynamical system","authors":"Asma Alanazy ,&nbsp;Galal M. Moatimid ,&nbsp;T.S. Amer ,&nbsp;Mona A.A. Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Analyzing two-degrees-of-freedom (2DOF) coupled dynamical systems is crucial in<!--> <!-->understanding complex interactions in mechanical, structural, and aerospace engineering. Advanced analytical and numerical methods elucidate complicated behavior<!--> <!-->relevant to bio-inspired systems, smart materials, and vibration control. Consequently, the present topic centers on a recognized benchmark challenge in the field of a cart-pendulum system. The non-perturbative approach (NPA) underlies the unique analysis. The principal aim of the NPA is to convert weakly nonlinear oscillators of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) into linear forms. The swift evaluation of the frequency-amplitude correlation is essential in<!--> <!-->acquiring successive approximations of responses to parametric nonlinear fluctuations. The influence of several parameters on the stability of steady states is examined. The results demonstrated that the suggested technique is exceptionally intuitive, extremely effective, and firmly established. The alteration of bifurcation parameters influences the configuration of the bifurcation curve. The Lyapunov exponent (LE) curves are additionally illustrated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 103770"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective intelligent optimization design method for mix proportions of hydraulic asphalt concrete facings","authors":"Hanye Xiong ,&nbsp;Zhenzhong Shen ,&nbsp;Yiqing Sun ,&nbsp;Yaxin Feng ,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydraulic asphalt concrete facing serves as a critical impervious structure, ensuring the long-term and stable operation of the upper reservoir in pumped-storage power station. However, conventional mix design theories still rely heavily on empirical criteria focused on optimizing single material properties, which fall short of meeting the increasingly multi-dimensional demands of modern engineering design. To facilitate the intelligent and efficient construction of impervious facings, this research proposes a multi-objective mix design approach that integrates statistical experimental optimization with metaheuristic search techniques, considering material performance, economic cost, and environmental sustainability. First, response surface models were established between mix parameters and material properties using the central composite design (CCD) method. The significance and predictive accuracy of the models were validated through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and residual analysis. Subsequently, a set of material performance constraints was formulated based on engineering requirements, and a multi-objective optimization model was constructed with economic cost and carbon emissions as dual objectives. The Non-dominated sorting whale optimization algorithm (NSWOA) was then employed to derive the Pareto optimal solutions iteratively. Finally, the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was applied to perform decision analysis on the Pareto optimal front, enabling the selection of optimal compromise mix proportions under different preferences. Specifically, the optimal trade-off solution between resource-saving and environmentally-friendly corresponds to an asphalt content of 6.705%, a filler content of 12.680%, and a gradation index of 0.264. The results provide a valuable theoretical reference for the efficient and sustainable design of asphalt concrete facings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 103781"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel compliant ankle rehabilitation robotic system based on a 6-DOF robot arm","authors":"Li Jin ,&nbsp;Liuyi Ling ,&nbsp;Chengjun Wang ,&nbsp;Yiming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To address the limitations of conventional ankle rehabilitation robots in accuracy, safety, and quantitative assessment, this study proposes a novel robot arm-based system integrating compliance control.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We developed a novel robotic system using a serial 6-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) robot arm. By defining the ankle joint center (AJC) as the midpoint between the medial and lateral malleolus, a coordinate transformation method dynamically coincides the robotic rotational center (RRC) with the AJC, validated through a novel alignment accuracy metric. A real-time gravity compensation algorithm based on a 6-axis force/torque (F/T) sensor was designed to quantify ankle joint torques. The measured torques were mapped to Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) criteria to enable quantitative muscle tension assessment, improving objectivity over manual evaluations. Three compliance rehabilitation training modes, namely patient-passive training, patient-active training, and resistance training, are designed based on the admittance control strategy, which also support simultaneous multi-axis compliance training.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The experimental results on five subjects show that the designed training modes performed well in terms of compliance and trajectory tracking. The alignment accuracy for all three training modes was less than 1.59 mm, as validated by a motion capture system. The system successfully recorded and classified torque profiles indicative of different levels of muscle tension.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The integration of high-precision sensing and adaptive control provides a standardized measurement platform for ankle rehabilitation, promoting the translation of robotic systems into clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 103773"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretable fault diagnosis of coal-mine conveyor-belt idler bearings using multi-source fusion diagrams and mobile residual soft threshold–MobileViT","authors":"Wansheng Chen ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Shen ,&nbsp;Hu Zhu ,&nbsp;Ping Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fault diagnosis of conveyor belt idler bearings plays a crucial role in coal mine safety. In practical, inevitable challenges such as high-noise interference and small-sample conditions. Existing methods exhibit inadequate performance under the above conditions. This paper proposes a technique for fault diagnosis that integrates multisource fusion diagrams with a lightweight MRST-MobileViT model. To enhance fault feature representation, GADF, MDF, RP and CWT were employed to convert vibration signals into multi-source fusion diagram with richer fault information. A mobile residual soft thresholding module is incorporated into the MobileViT architecture to enhance the feature extraction capability. Verification through public datasets and self-constructed test data demonstrate that this method has a better diagnostic performance under high-noise and small-sample conditions. Furthermore, Grad-CAM heatmap analysis was performed to validate the interpretability of the model. This study provides an effective and reliable solution for the fault diagnosis of idler bearings in coal mines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 103777"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern selection and parameter optimization design of reaction-diffusion information propagation model","authors":"Yingzi He ,&nbsp;Shuling Shen ,&nbsp;Linhe Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In modern society, with the rapid development of the Internet, the speed of information dissemination greatly increases. Information security has a profound impact on national and social safety. Therefore, the study of information dissemination is essential. Based on the traditional SIR(Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) model, a three-dimensional information transmission model is proposed. To understand the distribution of populations near the system’s equilibrium point, we combine image features and the definition of Turing instability. We derive the necessary conditions for Turing instability. To investigate Turing pattern morphology, amplitude equations are derived using the method of multiple scales. For continuous systems, optimal-control and parameter-identification frameworks are formulated. Numerical simulations assess parameter sensitivity. In numerical simulations, we analyze the sensitivity of different parameters in the continuous system. With the remaining parameters fixed, varying one parameter. This reveals how each parameter shapes the Turing patterns. This confirms that the model has strong robustness. Next, visualize the amplitude equations and identify the Turing patterns across parameter ranges. For effective control of information dissemination, an optimal-control–based parameter identification study applies three algorithms. These algorithms include the BB algorithm (Barzilai-Borwein algorithm), PG algorithm (Projected Gradient algorithm), and BFGS algorithm (Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno algorithm). The convergence of the algorithms is analyzed, and their strengths and limitations are compared. The results show that the choice of algorithm significantly impacts the iteration outcomes. The BB algorithm works well for simple problems with few parameters. The PG algorithm is highly stable when dealing with fewer parameters but may face difficulties with more complex issues. On the other hand, the BFGS algorithm shows excellent robustness and achieves good convergence in multidimensional parameter spaces and complex problems. To validate the model’s applicability based on the data of COVID-19 tweets posted on Twitter in Indonesia, the least squares method and random walk fitting model are used, combined with the Data-Enhanced Residual Gradient Adjustment (DERGA) method for prediction. Thus, in real-life situations, we can control information dissemination by adjusting parameters like the decay rate and propagation rate through government measures and media interventions. It is important to achieve the target values of these parameters in order to control the spread of information, which is crucial for today’s information management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 103764"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strength performance and leachability of cement-stabilised copper tailings as land reclamation geomaterial for sustainable copper tailings disposal","authors":"Marsheal Fisonga ,&nbsp;Yun Jiang ,&nbsp;Tingting Deng ,&nbsp;Yongfeng Deng ,&nbsp;Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Cryton Phiri ,&nbsp;Junjun Ni ,&nbsp;Qi Feng ,&nbsp;Muhammad Sani Bello","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the ultimate utilisation of copper tailings as a sustainable land reclamation geomaterial, simultaneously addressing the adverse environmental impacts that they cause and the scarcity of land resources. Unlike the limited approach of using copper tailings as partial replacements for natural fine aggregates in concrete, land reclamation demands far larger volumes of geomaterial. The primary objectives were to determine the optimal replacement ratio of natural fine aggregate with copper tailings, assess the development of mechanical and microstructural strength, and evaluate the leachability of heavy metals. The study also explored the enhancement of tensile strength through the incorporation of basalt fibre. Using Excel Solver, the optimal replacement ratios were determined for tailings from four different sources. Mechanical performance of cement-stabilised Dexing copper tailings was tested in compression, tension, and flexure, while microstructural properties were analysed using X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Results showed optimal replacement rates of about 9 % for Dexing, Kakosa, and Mindola tailings, and 15 % for Muntimpa tailings. The 28-day compressive strength of Dexing tailings treated with 15 % cement exceeded the required 1.2 MPa for stockpile engineering applications. Microstructural analysis confirmed the formation of strength-contributing compounds, including calcium hydroxide, ettringite, and calcium silicate hydrate. Additionally, incorporating 0.5 % of 9 mm basalt fibres notably improved tensile strength. Toxicity characteristic leachability tests confirmed that heavy metal concentrations remained within safe limits for both drinking water and seawater (Category III). Therefore, this study concludes that using 100 % copper tailings in land reclamation offers a more sustainable solution than their limited use in concrete applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 103769"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}