Ain Shams Engineering Journal最新文献

{"title":"A 2 × 2 pattern-diversity MIMO antenna with high isolation for full-duplex applications","authors":"Kyutae Park,&nbsp;Byung-Wook Min","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a novel 2×2 MIMO full-duplex radio (FDR) antenna that incorporates dual-fed antennas and circulators with reflection-coefficient controllers (RCCs) is proposed. This system mitigates self-talk self-interference (SI) and cross-talk SI, which are significant challenges in MIMO FDR systems due to the increased number of antennas. The dual-fed antenna, designed for pattern diversity, introduces notches on the ground plane to cancel out two coupling paths, ensuring that the proposed antenna reduces the cross-talk SI. In addition, RCCs enhance limited isolation and adjust the isolation band of circulators by canceling out inherent leakage of the circulator and reflected signal from the antenna such that it reduces self-talk SI. With these two strategies, the proposed antenna covers a 180^∘ angular range and reduces the number of radiators. Measurements show that the proposed antenna achieves over 30-dB SI suppression for all SIs within the 3.6–3.7 GHz band, and the peak gains for both ports are 3.61 dBi.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 103577"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exo-structures and domotic algorithms for dynamic architecture","authors":"Samuel Aguilar Posadas ,&nbsp;Gesuri Morales-Luna ,&nbsp;Guillermo Fernández-Anaya","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Physics, Architecture, Design, and Engineering will renew how buildings interact with their surroundings. An extra layer must be performed between the context and the building to create a new paradigm for Dynamic Architecture. Intelligent engineering using physics-based algorithms developed an innovative method to contribute to dynamic architecture. The process focuses on creating <em>exo</em>-structures that are highly adaptable and removable from the façade. These new <em>exo</em>-structures can be installed and detached from existing and future buildings, achieving something never accomplished before. By enhancing their thermal, lighting, and kinetic adaptability through an analysis of existing complex double façade systems, a new diagram traces the highlights of the latest buildings that relate the most to the concept of an <em>exo</em>-structure so they can provide a better and innovative point of view to understand this matter and its implications further on. This approach is fundamental for an innovative system for Dynamic Architecture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 103583"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward delay mitigation in Iraqi construction projects: Evaluating the causes and the implications","authors":"Ali Mohammed Ali Naji Al-Attabi","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Construction projects in Iraq often experience delays due to political instability, economic constraints, and administrative inefficiencies. While several studies have identified the causes of these delays, a comprehensive analysis evaluating their significance and broader implications is lacking. This study addresses this gap by analyzing 74 delay causes and 9 implications using the Relative Importance Index and Cronbach’s alpha. The results show that 59% of the causes are major, with incompetent contractors ranked highest, while 41% are minor. The causes were categorized into nine groups, with owner-related issues being the most significant. The implications were ranked, with quality reduction, time and cost overruns, and declining public trust in the government at the top. Other impacts include psychological stress among citizens, disputes, litigation, total abandonment, and arbitration. This study provides a prioritization framework and practical recommendations for delay mitigation in Iraq and serves as a reference for other post-conflict or developing regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 103598"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer performance, economic and environmental evaluations of a radiator cooling system employing CNT nanofluids","authors":"Tugba Tetik ,&nbsp;Mustafa Armagan ,&nbsp;Yasin Karagoz ,&nbsp;Ercan Erturk","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents an experimental study of a radiator cooling system using water-based nanofluids. Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were dispersed in distilled water by 0.25, 0.5, and 0.6 wt%. According to the experimental results, employing MWCNT increases the total heat transfer by 30% in comparison with water. Also, using heat transfer results, the economic analysis of an internal combustion engine was performed. Lastly, the GWP (Global Warming Potential) results of engine was obtained. A novel improvement has been achieved by the use of MWCNT nanofluids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 103585"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperparameter-tuned variational Bayesian Gaussian mixture model-based fault time detection method for distribution networks with distributed generation","authors":"Lei Xu,&nbsp;Fei Rong,&nbsp;Yiqin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fault self-synchronization method enables cost-effective data synchronization for differential protection in distribution networks but suffers from synchronization errors under complex faults due to detection algorithm sensitivity. To address this, the paper analyzes the delay mechanism in active distribution network fault detection and factors affecting synchronization errors. A framework combining curvature analysis and mathematical morphology is proposed to enhance fault feature identification in current signals. Curvature analysis extracts and amplifies fault features, while mathematical morphology preprocesses data, improving signal quality and reducing distortion. Additionally, a fault time detection method based on Hyperparameter-Tuned Variational Bayesian Gaussian Mixture Models is introduced. This method eliminates redundant Gaussian components for optimal modeling and uses a sliding window for adaptive clustering, ensuring precise fault detection. Simulations confirm its effectiveness in rapid fault detection, maintaining synchronization accuracy, and exhibiting robustness to noise, initial fault phase angles, and sampling frequency variations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 103596"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal infrared camera module for Satellite-Based Sea surface temperature monitoring in thin cirrus clouds areas","authors":"Danny Faturachman ,&nbsp;Bustanul Arifin ,&nbsp;Irwan Priyanto ,&nbsp;Adam Arif Budiman ,&nbsp;Linda Nur Afifa ,&nbsp;Ahmad Fauzi","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of a Thermal Infrared Camera Module designed for satellite-based Sea Surface Temperature (SST) monitoring addresses the critical challenges of SST monitoring in regions with frequent thin cirrus cloud cover, such as the Banda Sea and Arafura Sea. The design process included spectral range determination; optical performance analysis using Zemax; mechanical design using CAD; thermal and structural design using Thermal Desktop-SINDA/FLUINT; and complementation consisting of electronics and calibration. The results in figures and tables show that the module meets all technical criteria. The spectral range of 9.5–11.5 µm allows the module to penetrate clouds, providing accurate SST data in tropical regions where existing systems such as MODIS and VIIRS have difficulty. The module offers a spatial resolution of 400 m, above the resolution of MODIS and VIIRS. These advantages make the camera module an effective tool for monitoring climate change, sustainable fisheries management, and marine ecosystem health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 103407"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-area decentralized optimal power flow framework for smart grids with interconnected transmission networks","authors":"Muhammad Asghar Majeed ,&nbsp;Sotdhipong Phichaisawat ,&nbsp;Furqan Asghar ,&nbsp;Umair Hussan","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smart grids (SGs) are revolutionizing modern power systems by enhancing operational efficiency, reliability, and the integration renewable energy through advanced communication protocols, decentralized control architectures, and intelligent automation. The transmission network serves as the critical infrastructure underpinning this transformation, enabling real-time monitoring, adaptive automation, and high-speed data exchange to ensure secure and efficient electricity delivery across large-scale systems. To fully exploit these advancements, optimal power flow (OPF) methodologies are essential for minimizing losses and enhancing grid stability under dynamic and uncertain conditions. This study proposes a fully decentralized OPF framework for multi-area smart grids, utilizing a bio-inspired Dynamic Leader Election Algorithm (DLEA) to optimize decision-making and enhance coordination. The framework extends from a 14-bus, 4-area test system to large-scale networks up to 515 buses, incorporating renewable energy modules and IoT-enabled adaptive loads for real-time optimization. Simulation results on a 515-bus system demonstrate that DLEA achieves a cost of $530.432 with an error of <span><math><mrow><mn>3.901</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo>%</mo><mo>,</mo></mrow></math></span> outperforming benchmark algorithms such as the Optimal Control Design (OCD), which incurs a higher cost of $563.563 and an error of 7.109<span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> %. Additionally, DLEA completes optimization in 14.678 s with 63.291 % efficiency, compared to OCD’s 190.201 s and 62.273 % efficiency. A comparative analysis across different algorithms reveals that DLEA reduces transmission losses, achieves better power line utilization, and maintains all bus voltages within the stable operational range of 1.0–1.1p.u. The algorithm demonstrates a 1.22 % higher efficiency than ADMM and converges faster with fewer iterations. These results confirm DLEA’s superior performance in scalability, stability, and computational efficiency. A feasibility analysis conducted for diverse regions—including Thailand, Pakistan, and Australia—further supports the robustness and practical applicability of the proposed framework in heterogeneous grid infrastructures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 103590"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grey water and carbon footprint of textile industry: A case study","authors":"Keivan Arastou,&nbsp;Amir Hosseinzadeh,&nbsp;Shervin Jamshidi,&nbsp;Parham Tafazzoli","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the multi-pollutant grey water footprint (GWF) of textile production based on industrial wastewater samples from a factory in Isfahan, Iran. Chemical oxidation demand (COD), alkylbenzene sulfonate, phosphate, totals suspended solids, fats-oil-grease, cyanide, and phenol were analyzed. Their monthly average concentrations were 10137, 2.1, 354, 4306, 168, 0.56, and 1.3 mg/L, respectively. Phosphate emerged as the critical pollutant, increasing GWF to 113 L/m² of textile product (281 L/kg product). COD and phenol were the following critical pollutants in GWF with 59 and 39 L/m², respectively. By consuming both electricity and natural gas, the carbon footprint was also 10 gCO₂/m² of production (25 gCO₂/kg product). These findings highlighted the substantial environmental pressures exerted by the textile industry and underscored the need for sustainable practices. Through an inclusive quantitative framework, the study advocates for GWF assessments that incorporate multiple pollutants, including hazardous wastewater constituents, to better evaluate environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 103593"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel integrated key performance indicator for evaluating open-pit mine haulage systems: application of GMG standards","authors":"Sebeom Park ,&nbsp;Dahee Jung ,&nbsp;Yosoon Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the performance of a haulage system in a South Korean limestone open-pit mine using the standardized time classification framework proposed by the Global Mining Guidelines Group (GMG). Additionally, a new integrated key performance indicator (KPI) that consolidates nine individual KPIs proposed by GMG is introduced. The aim is to assess the availability, utilization, and effectiveness of the haulage system comprising trucks and loaders, while developing a more intuitive and comprehensive KPI for performance assessment. Data were collected from various sources, including work orders, work logs, the haulage management system, and time studies, then classified according to the GMG standardized time categories. This study applied three methods—equal weighting, GMG group-based weighted aggregation, and correlation analysis with clustering—to calculate the integrated KPI and compare the results. The results showed high physical and mechanical availability (over 97%), but relatively low asset utilization (average 35.9%) and production effectiveness (average 59.8%). Using the GMG group-based weighted aggregation method, integrated KPI scores ranged from 69.8% (Truck 33) to 79.2% (Trucks 37 and 38), indicating performance differences related to uptime and utilization. This research suggests that integrated KPI is an effective tool for efficiently evaluating system performance and quickly identifying issues, thereby significantly improving the efficiency and sustainability of mining operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 103589"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of mathematical model for the prediction of zinc removal from a wastewater in microbial fuel cell","authors":"Lianxiu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc is used in the manufacture of various products such as alloys, paints, plastics, and rubber. A large amount of wastewater containing zinc is generated during the production of zinc metal. Wastewater containing zinc can cause several environmental issues. One of the methods for the removal and recovery of zinc from wastewater is the use of double-chamber microbial fuel cells. Mathematical modeling of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) as a useful tool is used for the evaluation of the effect of various operating parameters on its performance. Integration of bio-electrochemical kinetics with charge balance and mass transfer equations was performed in the developed model. The findings showed great agreement between the experimental results and the values obtained from the model in terms of zinc concentration as a function of time. In 24 hr, the zinc concentration was decreased from 1.82 mol/m³ to approximately 0.2 mol/m³. It was also found that the pH increased from 7.4 to 8.2 with an increase in zinc concentration from 0 to 10 ppm. An increase in temperature can lead to an increase in the pH of the system. Furthermore, the potential decreased as temperature increased in the microbial fuel cells. The growth rate of biomass was lower at the beginning, but it was increased sharply between 9 hr and 24 hr. There was a considerable decrease in acetate concentration in the anode compartment where the rate of biomass growth was higher.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 103558"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}