Ain Shams Engineering Journal最新文献

{"title":"Design of a sensor using an axially symmetric metamaterial for precise detection of liquid samples","authors":"Abdullah Al Mahfazur Rahman ,&nbsp;Mohamad A. Alawad ,&nbsp;Md. Moniruzzaman ,&nbsp;Mohammad Tariqul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.104010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.104010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces an axially symmetric metamaterial (MTM) designed for high-sensitivity liquid sensing in the microwave frequency range. The unit cell of the proposed MTM measures 25 mm × 25 mm, fabricated on an FR-4 substrate, exhibits dual resonances at 2.106 GHz and 3.387 GHz. This enables accurate detection of dielectric changes in aqueous urea solutions. The MTM sensor is numerically analyzed using CST Microwave Studio and experimentally validated through prototype measurements, representing good agreement between simulated and measured results. The sensing mechanism relies on resonance deviations caused by changes in the dielectric properties of aqueous urea solutions, resulting in excellent frequency shifts and improved sensitivity at both resonances. Compared with previously reported designs, the proposed sensor offers a promising blend of high sensitivity, simple geometry, and low fabrication cost. Owing to its symmetrical design and high sensitivity, the sensor has promising applications in industrial quality control and advanced sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"Article 104010"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A flexible novel extended lomax model for capturing complex patterns in engineering data sets","authors":"Afaf Alrashidi ,&nbsp;Mohammed Ahmed Alomair ,&nbsp;Abdullah Mohammed Alomair ,&nbsp;Ehab M. Almetwally","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.103998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.103998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the complexity of real data, there is a growing need for new distributions. Introducing new models enables us to refine this data and stay current with the times. In this paper, a new flexible distribution, called the new extended Lomax distribution, is proposed. The properties of the proposed model are thoroughly derived, including kurtosis and order statistics, among others. The suggested distribution supports various hazard rate functions, including decreasing, reversed J-shaped, and unimodal forms. Additionally, it can fit positively skewed data with leptokurtic behavior in both dispersion and over-dispersion scenarios. The Bayesian and classical approaches, including maximum likelihood, ordinary least squares, and Bayes estimators under various loss functions, are used for parameter estimation. The effectiveness of the proposed distribution is demonstrated through a simulation study, which shows that the Bayes estimator based on the squared error loss function produces more accurate parameter estimates than alternative methods. Furthermore, several actuarial measures were computed. A simulation study utilizing these actuarial metrics was subsequently conducted. Two engineering data sets are used to further evaluate the goodness-of-fit of the suggested model, demonstrating competitive performance compared to other fitting models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"Article 103998"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on uniaxial tensile mechanical properties of sawdust-magnesium oxychloride cement composites based on AE and DIC techniques","authors":"Pengye Gu ,&nbsp;Qiang Fang ,&nbsp;Huagang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiaojiao Yang ,&nbsp;Mingliang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.104048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.104048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sawdust-magnesium oxychloride cement composite (SMOCC) is a novel building material produced via extrusion, using magnesium oxychloride cement as the matrix and sawdust as the reinforcement. The development of SMOCC can enhance energy efficiency, utilize wood waste, and reduce environmental pollution. Accurately evaluating the tensile mechanical properties of SMOCC under different loading rates is crucial for design in engineering practices. However, the influence of loading rates on crack resistance and damage behavior of SMOCC still lacks systematic comparison. Thus, this research conducts uniaxial tensile tests on SMOCC specimens with three loading rates, namely, 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 mm/s, to investigate their stress–strain relationship and mechanical properties. Acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC) techniques were adopted to analyze the damage evolution during the tensile loading process. Consequently, a statistical damage constitutive model considering the effect of loading rates was established. The results indicated that all SMOCC specimens exhibited brittle failure modes with similar stress–strain behavior. The tensile stress–strain curves of SMOCC can be mainly divided into elastic, elastic–plastic transition, softening, and fracture stages. The mechanical properties of SMOCC under uniaxial tension are significantly rate-sensitive. This is manifested by a clear increase in tensile strength and a concurrent decrease in peak strain with higher loading rates. The analysis of the strain cloud diagrams collected by DIC revealed the local strain concentration phenomena during tensile damage to SMOCC. With the increase of loading rate, the acoustic emission activity has higher energy and amplitude values. RA-AF analysis confirms that tensile cracks dominate during uniaxial tensile testing of SMOCC. In addition, the proposed damage constitutive model considering loading rates can predict the tensile damage process of SMOCC specimens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"Article 104048"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety risk analysis of earth-rock dams based on the DEMATEL-ISM-ANP coupled model: With lianghekou hydropower station for example","authors":"Ankui Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yajing Li ,&nbsp;Tianlong Zhang ,&nbsp;Baoda Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.104004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.104004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Earth-rock dams are one of the most widely used dam types worldwide. The safety risk factors of dams typically demonstrate multi-source, inter-coupled, and dynamic features. There are complex interrelationships between these risk factors. Understanding these mutual influences holds great value, as it enables engineers to make precise decisions and management plans. Taking the <em>Lianghekou</em> earth-rock dam as a case study, this paper adopts the DEMATEL-ISM-ANP coupled model to analyze various risk factors from an interactive perspective. This model establishes a multi-level hierarchical structure and quantifies the weighting of each risk factor. To reduce subjective influence, an improved formula for determining thresholds is proposed. The results indicate that dam foundation and slope treatment, impermeable material and capacity of dam to release floodwater are key factors affecting the safety of earth-rock dams. Based on the conclusions, it is crucial to develop a more comprehensive, efficient, and flexible management plan for earth-rock dams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"Article 104004"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational modeling of wave propagation phenomena via a fractional Klein-Gordon equation with modified Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo derivative","authors":"M.J. Huntul ,&nbsp;Kamran ,&nbsp;Farman Ali Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.104039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.104039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents a robust numerical method for solving the time fractional Klein-Gordon equation in one, two, and three dimensions. The proposed Laplace-transformed Chebyshev spectral collocation scheme efficiently handles the fractional order dynamics, which are crucial for modeling memory effects and nonlocal interactions in wave propagation phenomena. By first employing the Laplace transform, the time fractional derivative is eliminated, reducing the problem to a parameter-dependent elliptic equation in Laplace space. This transformation inherently incorporates initial conditions, avoiding time stepping restrictions and improving numerical stability. Spatial discretization is then performed using a Chebyshev spectral collocation method, which achieves exponential convergence with relatively few spatial nodes, ensuring high accuracy. Finally, the time domain solution is accurately retrieved using the improved Talbot’s method, a contour integration method that offers efficient and stable numerical inversion of the Laplace transform. Numerical experiments conducted on 1D, 2D, and 3D fractional Klein-Gordon problems demonstrate that the proposed numerical scheme delivers superior accuracy and significantly reduced computational cost compared to classical time stepping methods. The results confirm that the method is not only computationally efficient but also a versatile and reliable tool for solving a broad class of time-fractional partial differential equations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"Article 104039"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147422248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PsOCR: Benchmarking large multimodal models for optical character recognition in low-resource pashto language","authors":"Ijazul Haq ,&nbsp;Yingjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Muhammad Saqib","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.104024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.104024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper evaluates the performance of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) on Optical Character Recognition (OCR) for the low-resource Pashto language. Pashto OCR is challenging due to its cursive Perso-Arabic script and the scarcity of large-scale annotated datasets. To address these challenges, we introduce PsOCR, a large-scale synthetic Pashto OCR dataset containing one million images annotated at the word, line, and document levels. PsOCR includes extensive variability across 1000 font families, font sizes, colors, image resolutions, and layouts. A benchmark subset of 10,000 images is used to evaluate several state-of-the-art LMMs, including Llama, Florence, Qwen-3B/7B, GPT-4o, Gemini, Claude, and Grok, under zero-shot settings. Experimental results demonstrate that Gemini achieves the best overall performance, while Qwen-7B stands out among open-source models. This work provides valuable insights into the capabilities and limitations of current LMMs for Pashto OCR and establishes a foundation for future research in languages with similar scripts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"Article 104024"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147422249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weibull distributed recurrent neural ergodic skewed certificateless signcryption for data protection in cloud computing environment","authors":"J. Mala ,&nbsp;V.J. Arulkarthick ,&nbsp;Prashant Bachanna ,&nbsp;K. Srihari","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.103991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.103991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Certificate-based cryptography dominates cloud platforms but introduces validation latency, revocation overhead, and residual escrow risk that threatens tenant confidentiality. Recent certificateless signcryption removes external certificates yet still requires multi-stage key negotiation, leaving setup slow and false-accept rates high under heavy-tail traffic. We propose a Weibull-Distributed Recurrent-Neural Ergodic-Skewed Certificateless Signcryption (DRESCS) pipeline that generates session keys in constant time, refreshes signing secrets every 128 cycles to eliminate escrow, and applies a Weibull activation layer to suppress out-of-distribution anomalies. The design is evaluated using 1,000 Monte Carlo simulations with realistic multi-tenant traces. DRESCS reduces key-setup latency by 28 percent, lowers false-accept rate to 0.8 percent, and achieves 163 signcrypt operations per millisecond, outperforming the strongest published baseline by 34 percent. Performance degrades by less than one percent under five percent injected noise. These results demonstrate fast, robust, and escrow-free protection without certificate management, making DRESCS suitable for latency-sensitive edge–cloud deployments and acceleration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"Article 103991"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting grocery item sales using gradient boosting models: A study of GridSearchCV, RandomizedSearchCV, and optuna optimization approaches","authors":"Puja Supakar ,&nbsp;Mitali Sarkar ,&nbsp;Biswajit Sarkar","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.104012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.104012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces predictive modeling based on Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), which utilizes Optuna for hyperparameter optimization and evaluates performance against GridSearchCV and RandomizedSearchCV using a 500-day dataset. To ensure statistical reliability of the findings, a bootstrapping with 1000 iterations is used to calculate 95% confidence intervals for all performance measures. Although GridSearchCV and RandomizedSearchCV achieve consistent performance, their average R-squared test performances are 0.81677 and 0.85538, respectively. In contrast, Optuna outperforms both methods by identifying better regions of optimal parameters, with an average R-squared of 0.94146. Furthermore, the computational efficiency analysis shows that Optuna’s average execution time of 28.31 s is a practical trade-off for running on consumer-grade hardware. Model interpretability is confirmed through Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis, which identified the 3-day rolling average as the most important driving factor of demand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"Article 104012"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147422245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of enhanced predictive analytics and decision-making approach using recurrent autoencoder with attribute subset reduction for students’ academic performance","authors":"Abdulrahman H. Altalhi,&nbsp;Mahmoud Ragab","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.103999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.103999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Education plays a vital part in society as it helps economic growth through human capital, decreases crime, and enhances common well-being. Currently, predictive modelling plays a crucial role in decision-making procedures in each branch of action. Conventional techniques for recognising at-risk students often rely on reactive events that occur only after academic complexities have already been demonstrated, usually too late to avert failure or withdrawal. The development of predictive analytics powered by artificial intelligence (AI) provides a paradigm shift in proactive intervention tactics that can recognise students at risk of academic failure or dropout before vital thresholds are attained. Predictive analytics has developed as a transformative method in educational technology, leveraging AI and machine learning (ML) models to recognise at-risk students, forecast academic performances, and recommend targeted interventions before failure happens. ML for predictive analytics is altering data-driven decision-making through industries by leveraging enormous datasets and innovative techniques to discover hidden patterns and estimate future tendencies. In this manuscript, a Predictive Analytics and Decision-Making Using Recurrent Autoencoder with Dimensionality Reduction (PADM-RAEDR) approach is presented in the education sector. The aim is to develop an effective framework that enhances predictive analytics and supports effective decision-making in the education domain. At first, the data pre-processing stage is done by applying Z-score standardisation. For an effective feature selection process, the PADM-RAEDR model employs mutual information (MI), symmetric uncertainty (SU), and minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) to remove irrelevant and redundant data. At last, the long short-term memory with auto-encoder (LSTM-AE) method is employed for classification. The comparison analysis of the PADM-RAEDR model demonstrated a superior accuracy value of 98.61% over existing methods under a benchmark dataset.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"Article 103999"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical energy saving in raw juice extraction using energy and exergy analysis in a beet sugar factory","authors":"Maziar Dejbakhsh ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hojjatoleslamy ,&nbsp;Mehdi Jahangiri ,&nbsp;Hooman Molavi","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.103988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.103988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on improving energy efficiency in beet sugar extraction by controlling raw juice extraction and reducing water (“draft”) added during the process, which increases steam consumption. It proposes precise draft calculation methods using real-world data. The research examines production line parameters before and after optimization in a factory processing 3000 tons of beet sugar daily. Improvements include raising pulp dry matter to 25% and cutting raw juice draft to 107%, leading to significant exergy loss reduction and efficiency gains. The study highlights the importance of specific temperature ranges for optimal outcomes and substantial energy savings through increased pulp dry matter and better temperature control, resulting in lower gas consumption and cost savings. Statistical tests confirm the effectiveness of these measures. Overall, the study emphasizes the critical role of optimization for energy, economic, and environmental benefits in sustainable sugar production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"Article 103988"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}