Ain Shams Engineering Journal最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced cybersecurity and cyber-attack detection in smart DC micro grids using blockchain technology and SVM technique","authors":"Revathi Subramaniam ,&nbsp;Androse Joseph Sheela ,&nbsp;Abdullah Alwabli","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The DC-Microgrids (DC-MGs) are increasingly prone to various cyber-attacks due to the advancement of intelligent controlling, monitoring, operation methods. A typical DC-MGs integrates components like batteries, super capacitors, electronic devices, Photovoltaic (PV) systems, and loads. Given these vulnerabilities, cyber-attack detection, and the security of data exchanged in smart DC-MGs, similar to Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), have become critical areas to focus. This paper proposes a novel approach to detect false data injection attack (FDIAs) in DC-MGs using Wavelet transform and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) with Blockchain technology. The analysis shows that the output voltage dropped from 350 V to 300 V during the False Data Injection Attack (FDIA) at 0.4 s and returned to 350 V by 0.7 s. Significant oscillations observed between 0.4 and 0.7 s and detection model achieved 400 true negatives, 191 true positives, 10 false negatives, and no false positives, demonstrating high accuracy in identifying FDIA instances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 103400"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of coagulants for selective removal of iron and aluminum from galvanic wastewater: A practical and effective approach","authors":"Fernando García-Ávila ,&nbsp;Erika Mayancela-Santander ,&nbsp;Belén Alvarado-Pacheco ,&nbsp;Lorgio Valdiviezo-Gonzales ,&nbsp;Manuel Cadme-Galabay ,&nbsp;Cesar Zhindón-Arévalo ,&nbsp;Patricia Reynoso-Quispe","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research aimed to evaluate three coagulants (aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride, and ferric chloride) for the selective removal of iron and aluminum from wastewater generated during the pickling process in the galvanic industry. Jar tests were conducted at pH levels of 5.5 and 11, adjusted using lime. Results indicated that aluminum sulfate was the most effective coagulant, achieving a 97.91% removal of iron and a 93.09% removal of aluminum at pH 5.5 with specific dosages. The study established that optimal metal removal occurs at pH 5.5, with a necessary lime concentration of 7.5%. Statistical analyses, including MANOVA and ANOVA, confirmed significant relationships between metal removal efficiency, coagulant type, dosage, concentration, and pH. The Tukey-HSD test indicated distinct behaviors among coagulants, while the Mahalanobis Distance test highlighted specific relationships among the study variables. Overall, aluminum sulfate and polyaluminum chloride are recommended for effective wastewater treatment in the electroplating industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 103393"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of linearity-enhanced and high-efficiency Doherty power amplifier using a new phase compensation technique","authors":"Jingsong Wang ,&nbsp;Zhijiang Dai ,&nbsp;Maomao Sun ,&nbsp;Yating Li ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Li ,&nbsp;Shengdong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a methodology to design linearity-enhanced and high-efficiency Doherty power amplifier (DPA). The proposed approach leverages the phase difference within the DPA's combiner at the power combining point to regulate both amplitude-to-amplitude (AM-AM) and amplitude-to-phase (AM-PM) distortion. It effectively mitigates the distortion generated by the transistor and enhances the linearity of the DPA. A DPA operating at 2.2-2.45 GHz provides output power of 45 dBm with 9 dB back-off and saturation drain efficiency over 49.2% and 72.1%. And the gain and phase distortion are controlled to 1.5 dB and 2.5^∘. Using the 10/20/40 MHz OFDM signal with a peak-to-average ratio (PAPR) of 9 dB, the average drain efficiency is approximately 45% at an average output power of 36 dBm. While the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is below −36 dBc and the error vector magnitude (EVM) is below 2.6%, without any digital predistortion (DPD) technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 103398"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel optical structures for the cubic-quartic nonlinear Schrödinger equation: Analytical and numerical perspectives","authors":"Afrah M. Almalki,&nbsp;A.A. Alshaery,&nbsp;H.O. Bakodah","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current paper uses both analytical and numerical approaches to explore the cubic-quartic nonlinear Schrödinger model governed by the Kerr law. For the analytical analysis, we employ the addendum to Kudryashov's method that yields several intriguing soliton solutions, including bright, singular, and bright-singular combos, which have potential applications in optoelectronics. In the numerical investigation, we adopt an enhanced numerical method that is based on the classical Adomian method. Certainly, this numerical scheme effectively validates the exactness of analytical solutions with an elevated precision. Finally, we provide certain assessment tables and graphical representations to supplement the findings of the study. In the end, the study recommends extending the findings of the present examination to various realms of complex-valued evolution equations, including higher-order models of complex power law nonlinearities among others.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 103409"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring soliton dynamics and wave interactions in an extended Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Boussinesq equation","authors":"Nauman Raza ,&nbsp;Adil Jhangeer ,&nbsp;Zeeshan Amjad ,&nbsp;Beenish Rani ,&nbsp;Dumitru Baleanu","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the extended Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Boussinesq equation, relevant in numerous scenarios involving dissipative media. To initiate the analysis, a Hirota bilinear form is applied, leading to a Bäcklund transformation for the equation. Utilizing this bilinear Bäcklund transformation, we derive solutions comprising rational and exponential functions. Moreover, the Hirota bilinear representation is employed extensively to decipher the dynamics of two-wave, three-wave, rogue, lump-kink, breather, and multi-wave solutions. Detailed visualizations, including contour plots and 3D profiles across diverse parameter settings, offer deeper insights into the characteristics of these results. A traveling wave transformation further simplifies the equation into an ordinary differential equation, and the use of a new auxiliary equation method yields solutions that encompass trigonometric, hyperbolic, rational, and exponential functions. Our results highlight the effectiveness and efficiency of these methods in analytically solving nonlinear partial differential equations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 103395"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization model for wireless charging and power saving of smart canes for the visually impaired based on DRL","authors":"Zhaohua Ji ,&nbsp;Cheng Xu ,&nbsp;Jie Huang ,&nbsp;Qinghui Zhou ,&nbsp;Tao Yang ,&nbsp;Diyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Wuchao Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing demand for intelligent mobility aids, smart canes for visually impaired individuals require efficient energy management and reliable charging solutions. This study presents an optimization model for wireless charging and power-saving in smart canes, leveraging deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Unlike conventional charging strategies that rely on static scheduling, our model dynamically optimizes charging decisions using a Deep Q-Network (DQN)-based algorithm, considering real-time environmental factors and user behavior. Additionally, an adaptive energy-saving strategy is proposed to regulate the operation of key functional modules—voice guidance, ultrasonic detection, alarms, time announcements, and flashlight warnings—based on contextual needs. Experimental evaluations demonstrate significant improvements in charging efficiency, battery longevity, and user experience compared to traditional methods. By integrating reinforcement learning with intelligent energy management, this research provides an innovative and practical approach to enhancing smart cane functionality, promoting safer and more autonomous navigation for visually impaired individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 103404"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated trust-based secure routing with intrusion detection for mobile Ad Hoc network using adaptive snow geese optimization algorithm","authors":"V. Nivedita ,&nbsp;Chin-Shiuh Shieh ,&nbsp;Mong-Fong Horng","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) are pivotal technologies widely used across various applications. However, the rise in wired and wireless technologies has also increased the frequency of attacks, compromising security, increasing packet loss, and reducing routing efficiency. Detecting denial-of-service (DoS) attacks remains a critical challenge, with issues in accuracy, scalability, and handling diverse attack methods. Existing methodologies face numerous challenges concerning the performance constraints of the detection system, the scalability and stability of the system, and the capacity to utilize extensive data effectively. To address these challenges, this research work proposes a cluster-based routing protocol integrated with a Stacked Convolutional Sequential Autoregressive Encoding Network (SCSAEN). The approach begins with density-based Adaptive Soft clustering (DAS) to maintain cluster stability during node mobility. The cluster head is selected using the Elk Herd Optimization (EHO) algorithm, which ensures resilience in dynamic MANET environments. The ASGO- TSPCPTrustNet algorithm performs in two ways: (i) Initially, the TrustSync Packet Control Protocol (TSPCP) computes the multi-attribute trust value to enhance network security; (ii) subsequently, the optimal route is determined utilizing the Adaptive Snow Geese Optimization Algorithm (ASGO). Additionally, SCSAEN-based intrusion detection is implemented to identify various attacks, including zero-day and DoS attacks. The performance of the proposed method is assessed using various metrics, including energy consumption, network lifetime, packet delivery ratio (PDR), attack detection rate, and computational time. The proposed method achieves high attack detection rates of 98 %, exhibits a high throughput of 99 Mbps, and consumes less energy at 0.6 mJ than the existing methods such as the Movement-Aware Routing Protocol based on Hybrid Optimization (MARP-HO), Fuzzy Chaotic Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (F-CAPSO), Epsilon Swarm Optimized Cluster Gradient using a deep belief classifier for multiple attack intrusion detection (ESOCG), improved heap optimization for intrusion detection models (IHO-MA), and the Multi-head Self-Attention based Gated Graph Convolutional Network (MSA-GCNN). The experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing methods such as MARP-HO, F-CAPSO, ESOCG, IHO-MA, and MSA-GCNN in terms of energy efficiency, network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, and computational time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 103385"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of blockchain and inter-organizational trust on collaboration between contractors and supply chain partners","authors":"Yongshun Xu ,&nbsp;Ming Chi ,&nbsp;Cen-Ying Lee ,&nbsp;Heap-Yih Chong ,&nbsp;Martin Skitmore","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite conflicting opinions on blockchain’s impact on collaboration within construction projects, its definitive effect on the relationships between contractors and their supply chain partners (SCPs) remains largely unexplored. To address these gaps, this study constructed a conceptual framework that integrates blockchain with calculative trust, relational trust, and technology readiness. This framework was then evaluated using partial least squares structural equation modeling, drawing on a survey of 189 professionals working with contractors and their SCPs. Our findings underscore blockchain’s positive effect on collaboration between contractors and their SCPs. Two of the notable findings obtained from this study: (1) this relationship is mediated significantly by both calculative and relational trust, and (2) relational trust exhibited a more potent influence in mediating the effects of blockchain on collaboration than calculative trust did. Further, we found that technological readiness significantly bolstered the relationship between blockchain and collaboration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation of metal sheath circulating currents in multi-circuit power cables laid in tunnels","authors":"Jianli Yu ,&nbsp;Shanmao Gu ,&nbsp;Guosheng Xu ,&nbsp;Guangyue Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abnormal circulation currents in metal sheaths are common in multi-circuit power cables. This study proposes an improved method for calculating the induced voltage in cable sheaths to characterize these currents. The new method improves the magnetic flux cross-section for calculating induced voltage in cable sheaths from a cross-section parallel to the ground to a cross-section formed by the equivalent circuit between the sheath and the ground, thus eliminating multiple limitations of the traditional method for calculating induced voltage in cable sheaths. Using the proposed approach, the metal sheath circulating currents (MSCC) in eight circuit cables were calculated, and the effects of cable laying configuration, grounding resistance, and metal sheath segment length on MSCC were analyzed. The results indicate that the MSCC in cables laid in the equilateral triangular configuration was slightly lower than in the parallel configuration, while no clear trend was observed in the mixed configuration. Increasing the grounding resistance reduced the MSCC but increased the induced sheath voltage. Under specific conditions, an appropriate increase in grounding resistance can effectively suppress MSCC. Additionally, uneven segmentation in cable cross-interconnection units can considerably increase MSCC, affecting surrounding cables to varying degrees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 103408"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive forest fire optimization algorithm for enhanced energy efficiency and scalability in wireless sensor networks","authors":"J. Samuel Manoharan ,&nbsp;G. Vijayasekaran ,&nbsp;I. Gugan ,&nbsp;P. Nirmala Priyadharshini","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy-efficient routing is a fundamental challenge in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) due to constrained node energy. Traditional optimization techniques such as Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) struggle to adapt to dynamic energy variations and network topology changes, leading to suboptimal energy utilization and premature node depletion. To address these limitations, this paper introduces the Forest Fire Optimization for Energy-Aware Routing (FFO-WSN), a novel routing algorithm inspired by fire propagation dynamics. The FFO-WSN model dynamically adjusts routing paths based on real-time energy levels, prioritizing high-energy nodes while avoiding energy-depleted ones, thereby enhancing network longevity and data transmission efficiency. Extensive simulations demonstrate that FFO-WSN outperforms ACO, PSO, and other hybrid nature-inspired methods, achieving 21.8% lower energy consumption, a 26.2% increase in network lifetime, 98.1% packet delivery ratio, and 1.02 Mbps throughput while maintaining low end-to-end delay. These results confirm the scalability and resilience of FFO-WSN, making it a promising solution for IoT-based health monitoring and smart city applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 103406"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}