Ain Shams Engineering Journal最新文献

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A bifurcation and sensitivity analysis of fractional order deafness model incorporating genetic factors 考虑遗传因素的分数阶耳聋模型的分岔及灵敏度分析
IF 5.9 2区 工程技术
Ain Shams Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2025.103774
Faisal Yasin , Zeeshan Afzal , Jorge E. Macías-Díaz , Sumera Gull Bhatti , Mansoor Alshehri
{"title":"A bifurcation and sensitivity analysis of fractional order deafness model incorporating genetic factors","authors":"Faisal Yasin ,&nbsp;Zeeshan Afzal ,&nbsp;Jorge E. Macías-Díaz ,&nbsp;Sumera Gull Bhatti ,&nbsp;Mansoor Alshehri","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive analysis of a novel fractional-order mathematical model addressing the spread of deafness influenced by genetic factors. The model incorporates Caputo fractional derivatives, accounting for memory and hereditary properties, to provide a more realistic depiction of disease progression. The system of equations models transitions between compartments based on genetic transmission, recovery, and demographic factors. To solve the model, the Laplace Residual Power Series (LRPS) method is employed, offering a semi-analytical approximation of the system’s behavior over time. Power series expansions for each compartment provide insights into the temporal dynamics of the model under fractional-order influence. A comparison between the standard Residual Power Series (RPS) and LRPS methods is conducted to evaluate their accuracy and efficiency. Results demonstrate that the LRPS method outperforms the RPS method in terms of convergence and solution accuracy. Specifically, the LRPS method exhibits faster convergence to the true solution with a significantly lower absolute error, making it more reliable for solving fractional-order models. The absolute error between the LRPS and exact solutions decreases more rapidly, showcasing superior accuracy, particularly at higher fractional orders. Convergence analysis reveals that the LRPS method converges more quickly than the RPS method, especially as the fractional-order parameter increases. The study highlights the importance of incorporating fractional calculus in modeling hereditary diseases, providing valuable insights into disease dynamics. By identifying critical thresholds and sensitive parameters, the model can inform effective control strategies and improve our understanding of disease spread, offering more accurate predictions for future interventions. This work underscores the potential of fractional-order modeling in capturing the complexities of genetic diseases like deafness and enhances the accuracy of simulation results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 103774"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Eco-engineered soil reinforcement using recycled foundry sand and alkali-treated straw fibers 利用再生铸造砂和碱处理过的秸秆纤维进行生态工程土壤加固
IF 5.9 2区 工程技术
Ain Shams Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2025.103797
Ankit Kumar, Aditya Parihar
{"title":"Eco-engineered soil reinforcement using recycled foundry sand and alkali-treated straw fibers","authors":"Ankit Kumar,&nbsp;Aditya Parihar","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stubble burning in northern India exacerbates air pollution, while disposal of Waste Foundry Sand (WFS), a byproduct of metal casting, generates critical environmental burdens. Concurrently, natural clays are characterized by low strength, high compressibility, and susceptibility to large deformations, necessitating stabilization for engineering applications. This study explores the sustainable reuse of WFS and straw fibers to enhance clay performance, aligning with United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 11 (UNSDG11). Experimental programs incorporated 10–40 % WFS and 0.25–2 % straw, with alkali-treated fibers examined for improved bonding. Testing encompassed compaction, consolidation, Atterberg’s limits, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) at variable strain rates, and tensile strength, with durability monitored over 300 days. Results showed maximum densification at 40 % WFS with 0.25 % straw, while peak UCS occurred at 20 % WFS with 1 % straw. NaOH treatment enhanced tensile strength up to 50 %. The findings demonstrate that WFS–straw composites effectively mitigate clay’s inherent weaknesses, offering a sustainable geotechnical solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 103797"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimal coordinative design of SVC and PSS with the application of neural network to improve power system transient stability 应用神经网络优化SVC和PSS的协调设计以提高电力系统暂态稳定性
IF 5.9 2区 工程技术
Ain Shams Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2025.103790
Waseem Akram , Aslam Pervez Memon , Muhammad Ismail Jamali , Mohsin Ali Koondhar , Zuhair Muhammed Alaas , Ezzeddine Touti , Mohammed H. Alsharif , Mun-Kyeom Kim
{"title":"Optimal coordinative design of SVC and PSS with the application of neural network to improve power system transient stability","authors":"Waseem Akram ,&nbsp;Aslam Pervez Memon ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ismail Jamali ,&nbsp;Mohsin Ali Koondhar ,&nbsp;Zuhair Muhammed Alaas ,&nbsp;Ezzeddine Touti ,&nbsp;Mohammed H. Alsharif ,&nbsp;Mun-Kyeom Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based coordinated control approach that integrates Static VAR Compensators (SVC) and Power System Stabilizers (PSS) to enhance the transient stability of power systems. The proposed method is tested on a two-area, two-machine, three-bus system supplying a 5000 MW resistive load using MATLAB/Simulink. The system includes two generating plants rated at 1000 MVA and 5000 MVA, respectively. A feedforward ANN with two hidden layers (each containing five neurons) is trained using 60 % of the data and the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation algorithm. Simulations involve two main fault scenarios: a single line-to-ground (SLG) fault applied at 4 s and cleared at 4.2 s, and a three-phase-to-ground (LLL-G) fault cleared at 4.1 s. Without any controllers, the system shows significant instability, with rotor angle deviation exceeding 90° and voltage sags of up to 0.5 p.u. When PID-based Generic-PSS is applied, stabilization is observed after 6 s, with residual speed oscillations of ±0.02 p.u. However, the ANN-based Generic-PSS reduces recovery time to approximately 3.2 s, enhances damping by over 40 %, and decreases voltage overshoot by around 25 %. Furthermore, the ANN-based MB-PSS in combination with SVC confines bus voltage deviations to within ±0.01 p.u. and speed deviations below ±0.005 p.u., even during severe LLL-G faults. Overall, the ANN-based controllers outperform conventional PID-based approaches by providing faster damping, improved voltage regulation, and enhanced robustness under fault conditions, making them a promising solution for smart grid applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 103790"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The potential use of reed as cost-efficient thermal insulation wall claddings for residential energy retrofitting in Egypt 芦苇作为经济高效的住宅能源改造的隔热墙覆层的潜在用途
IF 5.9 2区 工程技术
Ain Shams Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2025.103803
Naglaa M. Kortam , Morad Abdelkader , Ahmed Abd El-Hady , E.A. Darwish
{"title":"The potential use of reed as cost-efficient thermal insulation wall claddings for residential energy retrofitting in Egypt","authors":"Naglaa M. Kortam ,&nbsp;Morad Abdelkader ,&nbsp;Ahmed Abd El-Hady ,&nbsp;E.A. Darwish","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reed is a tall perennial grass growing along Northern marshlands and Nile bank in Egypt. It is used in building light fences and huts in poor rural areas. This study aims to reexplore reed as a material for low-cost interior cladding to enhance thermal insulation and energy efficiency in residential buildings retrofitting. Thermal conductivities of whole giant reed and crushed common reeds panels samples, within minimal processing, were measured to be used in the design of insulating cladding according to Egyptian Code for Energy Efficiency in Residential Buildings. Then, digital simulation was conducted on a validated non-insulated case-study residential villa, to asses changes in energy performance after retrofitting with reed cladding panels. These results were used to analyze the obtained energy savings and cost to benefit behavior. The lowest thermal conductivity measured for whole giant reeds was 0.081 W/m.K, while crushed common reed acquired a thermal conductivity as low as 0.054 W/m.K. Simulation results indicated that retrofitted models employing giant reeds claddings and common reed claddings achieved better energy savings; 4.73 % and 4.27 %, respectively; compared to model employing expanded polystyrene and gypsum board wall cladding (4.50 %). Additionally, cost benefit analysis showed that crushed common reed-retrofitted model had low cost-benefit ratio, 0.06, indicating a good balance where environmental and economic benefits outweighed initial and lifecycle costs. Giant reeds-retrofitted model ranked second. Both remarkably better than conventional expanded polystyrene and gypsum board-retrofitting. These findings introduce reeds for low-carbon thermal insulation with low initial costs and promising lifecycle environmental and economic benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 103803"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Feasibility analysis and optimal sizing of islanded hybrid energy system by using bio-inspired algorithms 基于仿生算法的孤岛混合能源系统可行性分析及优化规模
IF 5.9 2区 工程技术
Ain Shams Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2025.103799
Nihat Pamuk
{"title":"Feasibility analysis and optimal sizing of islanded hybrid energy system by using bio-inspired algorithms","authors":"Nihat Pamuk","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrialization and technological advancement have led to a rapid increase in energy demand to support the social and economic development of human societies. Although fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas have historically met this demand, their environmental impacts, resource depletion, and rising extraction costs necessitate a transition to renewable energy sources. This study aims to design an off-grid hybrid energy system to meet the energy needs of 300 households in Turkey and to evaluate its technical and economic performance across varying renewable penetration levels. System design, simulation, and techno-economic analysis were conducted using HOMER Pro, with four configurations corresponding to 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % penetration levels. Li-Ion and Lead-Acid batteries were employed separately to compare performance, and three scenarios differing in load demand and inter-community distances were modeled using Python and PYPSA. Optimal configurations were determined using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Whale Optimization (WO), and Flying Foxes Optimization (FFO). Results indicate that the lowest net present cost (NPC) system corresponds to 100 % penetration with Li-Ion batteries, comprising 28 wind turbines, 364 kW photovoltaic arrays, a 233 kW generator, a 387 kW inverter, and 1000 batteries, with a NPC of 1.79 million $. Li-Ion batteries demonstrated superior economic performance compared to Lead-Acid batteries, and systems with 75 % and 100 % penetration were the most cost-effective. The FFO method responded most effectively to load variations, adjusting system sizing in high-demand regions to minimize transmission losses. FFO was the fastest responding optimization to the changing parameters. Overall, the findings demonstrate that FFO offers high responsiveness in energy system optimization and that simulation-based, region-specific hybrid system design provides actionable insights for sustainable energy policy and planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 103799"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sensitivity analysis of hydrodynamic models to storm, DEM, and dam configurations: the Bu Mansour Dam Basin in Derna, Libya 水动力模型对风暴、DEM和大坝配置的敏感性分析:利比亚德尔纳的布曼苏尔大坝盆地
IF 5.9 2区 工程技术
Ain Shams Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2025.103802
Amr S. Samir , Samia Saad , Ashraf M. Elmoustafa
{"title":"Sensitivity analysis of hydrodynamic models to storm, DEM, and dam configurations: the Bu Mansour Dam Basin in Derna, Libya","authors":"Amr S. Samir ,&nbsp;Samia Saad ,&nbsp;Ashraf M. Elmoustafa","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is affecting flood-vulnerable areas in the Mediterranean, highlighted by the 2023 collapse of Bu-Mansour Dam. This study used a 2D hydrodynamic model to estimate the effect of Daniel Storm’s spatiotemporal distribution on maximum pool water elevation behind Bu-Mansour Dam. The study assessed the model feasibility by comparing results to other literature. The study also evaluated how DEM accuracy, rainfall, and dam geometry influenced 2D model results. ALOS DEMs predicted higher overtopping depths than SRTM. Rainfall interpolation increased water levels, while storm temporal distribution affected peak flow but not maximum elevation. Mesh alignment caused elevation differences up to 7.4 m, emphasizing the role of precise model geometry. Discrepancies with prior overtopping estimates were found, suggesting data preprocessing flaws. The study concluded that 2D models are reliable with high-resolution data, though computationally demanding. Revealing the need for accurate hydraulic data and DEMs to ensure accurate dam safety assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 103802"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Estimation of uniaxial compressive strength of rock using optimized support vector and kernel-based extreme learning machine models 基于优化支持向量和基于核的极限学习机模型的岩石单轴抗压强度估计
IF 5.9 2区 工程技术
Ain Shams Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2025.103779
Yajuan Wu , Tao Wen , Xinshuang Sun , Yankun Wang
{"title":"Estimation of uniaxial compressive strength of rock using optimized support vector and kernel-based extreme learning machine models","authors":"Yajuan Wu ,&nbsp;Tao Wen ,&nbsp;Xinshuang Sun ,&nbsp;Yankun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is a vital parameter that reflects the fundamental mechanical properties of rocks, playing an indispensable role in rock mass classification and the establishment of rock mass failure criteria. Currently, two methods, namely the direct and indirect methods, are employed to determine the UCS. The direct method, however, is high-priced and time-consuming. Consequently, the development of a stable and efficient indirect method holds great significance. In this study, kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) and support vector regression (SVR) are utilized to construct prediction models. Additionally, five metaheuristic optimization algorithms are introduced to strengthen the performance of the prediction models. Ten ensemble models are developed to predict the UCS. Using six input variables, an optimal prediction model is established based on four performance indicators. To address the stochasticity of model outputs, each model is run 100 times to obtain 100 output results. Furthermore, score analysis, uncertainty analysis and Wilcoxon test are employed to evaluate the superiority or inferiority of prediction models more precisely, respectively. The results imply that the HOA-KELM model receives the highest values for <em>R</em><sup>2</sup> (0.9168), <em>VAF</em> (95.5308%), <em>WI</em> (0.9784) and <em>PI</em> (−11.4660), while achieving the lowest <em>RMSE</em> (13.3381), with a total score of 20 using KELM-based ensemble models, and the PSO-SVR model receives the highest values for <em>R</em><sup>2</sup> (0.9440), <em>VAF</em> (96.9933%), <em>WI</em> (0.9733), and <em>PI</em> (−9.02626) while achieving the lowest <em>RMSE</em> (10.9402) and <em>MAE</em> (8.1081), with a total score of 20 using SVR-based ensemble models. Compared with the HOA-KELM model, the PSO-SVR model has been proven to have higher prediction accuracy by drawing the Taylor diagram. Therefore, the PSO-SVR model surpasses alternative models, establishing it as the preferred option for predicting the UCS of rocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 103779"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fusion of CT and MRI modalities for brain tumors classification using enhanced machine vision framework 利用增强的机器视觉框架融合CT和MRI模式进行脑肿瘤分类
IF 5.9 2区 工程技术
Ain Shams Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2025.103669
Aqib Ali , Xinde Li , Adnan Karaibrahimoğlu , Mohammad Abiad , Wali Khan Mashwani
{"title":"Fusion of CT and MRI modalities for brain tumors classification using enhanced machine vision framework","authors":"Aqib Ali ,&nbsp;Xinde Li ,&nbsp;Adnan Karaibrahimoğlu ,&nbsp;Mohammad Abiad ,&nbsp;Wali Khan Mashwani","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on a data fusion approach for classifying brain tumors utilizing an enhanced machine vision (MV) framework. The foundation of a dataset is based on the integration of CT and MRI. We utilized the proposed hybrid segmentation approach to extract the region of interest. The hybrid feature dataset was extracted from the segmented regions and optimized via a correlation-based approach for further analysis. MV-based six classifiers were deployed: weightless neural network (WNN), averaged dependence estimator (ADE), rough set, ForEx++, CS Forest, and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), using a 10-fold validation method. The CT-scan-based experiments observed that the MLP gives the highest (97.80%) accuracy. Similarly, the MRI-based experiments observed that the ADE performs well compared to other implemented classifiers and provides 98.13% accuracy. Lastly, the fused optimized hybrid feature dataset was utilized for experiments. Among all deployed classifiers, WNN showed a promising higher accuracy of 99.66%, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 103669"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Robust sum rate maximization for active RIS-aided uplink NOMA communications with finite blocklength transmission 有限块长有源ris辅助上行NOMA通信的鲁棒和速率最大化
IF 5.9 2区 工程技术
Ain Shams Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2025.103772
Changqing Ye , Hong Jiang , Chenping Zeng , Haoxin Shi , Longke He
{"title":"Robust sum rate maximization for active RIS-aided uplink NOMA communications with finite blocklength transmission","authors":"Changqing Ye ,&nbsp;Hong Jiang ,&nbsp;Chenping Zeng ,&nbsp;Haoxin Shi ,&nbsp;Longke He","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces an innovative framework integrating active reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for uplink multiuser secure communication networks. The proposed scheme aims to simultaneously mitigate the threats of potential eavesdropping (PEs) and guarantee that legitimate users (LUs) satisfy ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) requirements under finite blocklength (FBL) constraints. With a norm-bounded channel state information (CSI) uncertainty model, we formulate a sum rate maximization problem subject to FBL transmission constraints on reliability and latency, maximum tolerable information leakage to PEs, and system resource constraints. The problem is challenging due to infinite-dimensional constraints and strong variable coupling. To address these challenges, an alternating optimization (AO) algorithm is developed to jointly optimize LU power allocation, base station (BS) beamforming, and active RIS beamforming. Convergence and complexity analyses are provided. Simulations verify that active RIS with NOMA improves security, robustness, and efficiency while better meeting URLLC requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 103772"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A review on the role of membrane electrode assembly in the steady-state, transient performance, and durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells 综述了膜电极组件在质子交换膜燃料电池稳态、瞬态性能和耐久性中的作用
IF 5.9 2区 工程技术
Ain Shams Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2025.103739
Chinmay Bilay , Agnidip Mandal , Karthikeyan Palaniswamy , Elangovan Devaraj , Dineshkumar Ravi , Michal Jan Geca , Thundil Karuppa Raj Rajagopal
{"title":"A review on the role of membrane electrode assembly in the steady-state, transient performance, and durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells","authors":"Chinmay Bilay ,&nbsp;Agnidip Mandal ,&nbsp;Karthikeyan Palaniswamy ,&nbsp;Elangovan Devaraj ,&nbsp;Dineshkumar Ravi ,&nbsp;Michal Jan Geca ,&nbsp;Thundil Karuppa Raj Rajagopal","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) have emerged as promising energy conversion devices for mainly automotive applications in order to address the latest global issues of climatic change. PEMFC has two main-fold advantages: the first being it’s almost zero emission as its end product is only water and the other being its efficiency as is not bounded by second law of thermodynamics, hence its theoretical efficiency is as high as 95%. PEMFC is preferred for automobiles as they exhibit high energy efficiency, low operating temperatures, and low emissions, making them suited for a wide range of applications, including automotive, stationary power production, and portable devices. This present article summarizes the latest state of the global art PEMFC technology and corresponding advancement with respect to low cost highly efficient materials for catalyst, membrane electrolyte, gas diffusion layers with their limitations. The study dwells upon study of GDLs and new innovations in its materials to improve diffusivity of gas layer and improved water management strategies which overcome water flooding as well as thermal bursting of membranes. Key advancements include the development of efficient new materials for catalyst namely non-platinum/non-precious metal catalyst, and platinum alloy materials which are highly cost effective. Numerous researches have been carried out to replace conventional Nafion membrane with more economical alternatives like poly benzimidazole (PBI), sulfonated poly arylene ether sulfone (SPAES) and poly ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) with almost equivalent performance. Optimal current density in order to avoid back diffusion of water through membrane has been established and reported. We have critically reviewed the steady and dynamics performance of Catalysis and Membrane and durability on MEAS for Automotive applications. Also, techno eeconomic analysis of Alternative MEA Materials has been revealed with Strategic Recommendations. Conclusions also clearly depicting the future research directions and unresolved issues on PEMFC development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 103739"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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