Ain Shams Engineering Journal最新文献

{"title":"Experimental study of the static mechanical response of impact-damaged coal","authors":"Chuan-qi Zhu,&nbsp;Zi-xuan Chen,&nbsp;Feng Lin,&nbsp;Jun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intense dynamic loading induced by mechanical coal cutting and blasting pre-damage the bearing capacity of surrounding rock. To examine the influence of impact pressure on the evolution of damage to the coal and the effects on its static mechanical response, coal specimens were subjected to controlled multiple isobaric impact via a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) system, generating specimens with progressive degrees of damage. Micro-focus CT scanning was used to characterize the morphology of fracture distribution, followed by uniaxial compression tests on damaged coal using an MTS-816 testing machine to investigate static mechanical properties. Key findings reveal: 1) The wave velocity progressively declined followed by accelerated reduction with increasing number of impacts, while the degree of damage exhibited initial gradual growth preceding rapid escalation; 2)<!--> <!-->The fracture porosity, fractal dimension, and fracture volume increased rapidly then stabilized, whereas the three-dimensional (3D) connectivity rose continuously. The volume of connected fractures ascended with the decelerating rate of growth, and the connected fracture ratio initially dropped then rose. Layer-wise porosity profiles indicated larger damage at specimen ends <em>versus</em> central regions; 3) The peak stress decreases rapidly − steadily − rapidly with the increase of impact times, while the elastic modulus shows a trend of gradually decreasing decline. Before the circumferential strain reaches the peak stress, the stress rises rapidly. The particle size distribution of the specimen after failure accumulates from more than 12.5 mm to less than 1 mm with the increase of the number of impacts; 4) Compare the correlation curves of the microstructural parameters and the macro-mechanics parameter, and compare the magnitudes of the correlation coefficients. By comprehensively comparing the relationship between the microstructural parameters and the peak stress and elastic modulus, it was found that the correlation coefficient between the fracture area and the peak stress and elastic modulus of the specimen was the highest, which were 0.976 and 0.990 respectively. These results provide theoretical and engineering foundations for mitigating instability hazards of coal mines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 103963"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating AI models for cost prediction in green housing in diverse climates − an innovative framework for stakeholder understanding in Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Ali ,&nbsp;Ayesha Zubair ,&nbsp;Wasim Abbas ,&nbsp;Zubair Masoud ,&nbsp;Ali Aldrees","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diverse climatic conditions, ranging from hot deserts to highland climates, pose significant challenges in predicting the cost impact of green housing which is an essential for significant reduction in carbon emissions to mitigate the effects of climate change. This study employs an innovative approach using hybrid AI model to predict green housing costs, emphasizing stakeholder understanding within Pakistan’s unique socio-economic and climatic contexts. Data was collected from multiple climatic zones, focusing on eighteen key factors influencing green housing costs. The dataset underwent rigorous cleaning, preprocessing, and analysis, including density distribution, cumulative probability, and sensitivity assessments, with results visualized for better interpretation. A hybrid AI model was developed to enhance prediction accuracy by integrating algorithms like Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). Machine learning models were trained, tested, and compared using metrics for model evaluation i.e., R-squared (R2), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Square Error (MSE). The hybrid model demonstrated superior performance with results having R2: 0.99, explaining 99.99 % of the dataset variance. Additionally, Pearson’s correlation matrix revealed that level of awareness (−0.97), climate-responsive design (−0.86), and material inventory (−0.83) exhibited the strongest negative correlations with cost impact, while site area temperature (0.72) had the most significant positive correlations. External validation using an independent dataset of 659 samples (R-squared: 0.81) and Taylor diagram analysis (standard deviation &lt; 2.9 %, correlation &gt; 0.82) further validated proposed model’s superiority over existing models. These findings provide a comprehensive cost prediction framework aiding stakeholders in making informed decisions on sustainable and cost-effective green housing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 103643"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of hydraulic characteristics of spillways and effectiveness of energy dissipation structures","authors":"Selman Ogras,&nbsp;Fevzi Onen","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydropower structures have approved significant progress and innovation in the development of water resources over the last 30 years, leading to the construction of large hydroelectric projects. Dissipation the enormous energy generated is a significant zone of dam engineering. Effective project design, which addresses the hydraulic characteristics of dam discharge structures and the safe and economical distribution of the resulting energy, requires a comprehensive evaluation of physical modeling, prototype experiments, and numerical modeling results. In this study, the hydraulic characteristics of the Ilısu Dam spillway structure, determined by physical modeling studies, and the effectiveness of the energy dissipation structures were numerically investigated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (Flow3D). Evaluations were accomplished by comparing the 1/100 scale model of the spillway structure and the 1/30 scale of the discharge channel. The numerical analyses employed the RNG and standard k-ε turbulence models, separately. Thus, the effectiveness of turbulence models across the entire spillway structure was determined. Moreover,16 different thresholds were designed with different deflector angles and radii of the flip bucket, which is one of the effective structures in terms of energy dissipation, and these designs were numerically analyzed and compared with the results obtained both in our current study and previous studies in the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 103953"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution characteristics and theoretical prediction of ground settlements caused by multiple undercrossing excavations beneath existing underground structures","authors":"Qiang Xu ,&nbsp;Shengxiang Lei ,&nbsp;Yongquan Zhu ,&nbsp;Wei Zhao ,&nbsp;Dapeng Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing density of underground structures in urban areas, repeated undercrossing excavations have become common, often leading to cumulative disturbance and asymmetric ground settlement. Traditional stochastic medium theory treats sequential excavations as independent events and cannot represent disturbance-superposition effects. In this study, scaled model tests were conducted to investigate settlement evolution caused by multiple undercrossing excavations. Based on experimentally identified disturbance characteristics, a corrected stochastic medium model was developed by introducing a spatially varying disturbance adjustment factor. Numerical simulations and field measurements were used for validation. Results show that disturbance superposition amplifies settlement in overlapping influence zones and shifts the settlement peak toward earlier excavations, producing asymmetric settlement troughs. Compared with conventional superposition methods, the proposed model improves prediction accuracy by more than 20% in representative field cases. The proposed framework provides an experimentally supported, engineering-oriented approach for predicting cumulative settlement under repeated undercrossing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 103971"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analytical procedure in pneumatic seed meter design for enhanced performance validated through development and evaluation","authors":"Jyotirmay Mahapatra ,&nbsp;Ramesh K. Sahni ,&nbsp;Vikas Pagare ,&nbsp;Jagjeet Singh ,&nbsp;Prem Shanker Tiwari ,&nbsp;Krishna Pratap Singh ,&nbsp;Balaji Murhari Nandede","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.104001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.104001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pneumatic planters are well-known for precise seed placement and accurate singulation across the world. These planters are available in various designs and configurations but, plate-type seed metering mechanism with pneumatic suction are the most commonly adopted due to high precision, versatility and efficiency in seed placement with minimum seed damage. The design and operational parameters of these metering plates vary with seed type, and typically require extensive laboratory and field experiments, ultimately leading to lot of complexity, cost and wastage of precious time and input resources. To address this, a theoretical method was developed to calculate the key design parameters of seed metering unit of a planter. These parameters (orifice diameter, vacuum pressure, suction depth, diameter of seed metering plate, pitch circle diameter (PCD) of seed metering plate, pitch between orifice, and vacuum cut off angle) were calculated on the basis of seed properties and their interaction properties with seed metering plate material. A probabilistic approach established a minimum suction depth of six times the seed length which improved seed singulation to over 90%. A new equation was established interrelating orifice diameter, suction depth, vacuum pressure, and peripheral velocity, and was used for predicting optimal vacuum pressure for different varieties of cotton seed — <em>Suraj</em>, <em>Ajeet 155</em>, <em>Ankur 3028</em>, <em>RCH 2</em>, and <em>RCH 659</em>. This research also finds out the design space for optimization of key parameters— orifice size, vacuum pressure, and peripheral speed for conventional optimization. Considering above three independent parameters, central composite rotatable design (CCRD) in response surface method (RSM) was followed for establishment of prediction equations of miss, multiple, precision indices. The metering plate was designed to get a quality feed index of about 93.75% while the predicted quality feed index on the basis of developed polynomial equation using experimental result was 94.74%. This indicated that the developed theoretical method has potential for effective and efficient design of pneumatic seed metering plate for different seeds to achieve desired quality feed index. In field condition, quality feed index with developed planter along with optimized parameters was observed 5.2% less than the designed quality feed index. It showed that proposed approach for designing effective pneumatic metering system can save considerable cost involved in conducting laboratory and field experiments along with time and labour without compromising its performance quality. The application of this novel theoretical engineering design in precision pneumatic planter development enables accurate seed spacing in various crops and promotes precision agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 104001"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coherent manipulation of optical properties of hopf link knots structure in the four level tripod medium","authors":"Muhsin hayat ,&nbsp;Mati ur Rahman ,&nbsp;Nehad Ali Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a theoretical investigation into the coherent manipulation of optical properties within a four-level atomic medium structured by a Hopf-link knot configuration. Leveraging the density matrix formalism, we model the medium’s response to reveal a unique mechanism for light control via topological phase engineering. The electric susceptibility is analyzed in 3D, demonstrating strong anisotropic dispersion and absorption governed by the knot structure. We report the simultaneous presence of superluminal and subluminal light propagation, with group velocities ranging from <span><math><mo>±</mo><mn>30</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>m/s</mtext></math></span> to <span><math><mo>±</mo><mn>75</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>m/s</mtext></math></span>. Crucially, the system exhibits highly tunable rotatory light drag (<span><math><msub><mi>Θ</mi><mrow><mi>D</mi><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) with maximum values up to <span><math><mo>±</mo><mn>5</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>rad</mtext></math></span>. These findings establish a pathway for spatially controlled optical devices, offering significant translational potential in high-contrast biomedical imaging (e.g., compensating for scattering near implants) and noninvasive DNA/polymer knot diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 103875"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the design and modeling of honeycomb structures for impact force attenuation in hip protectors","authors":"Prawit Kaeonarong ,&nbsp;Boonsin Tangtrakulwanich ,&nbsp;Theerawat Petdee ,&nbsp;Varah Yuenyongviwat ,&nbsp;Wiriya Thongruang ,&nbsp;Satta Srewaradachpisal","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.103986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2026.103986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hip protectors are essential for mitigating hip fractures, particularly among elderly individuals at risk of falls. This study investigates the impact force attenuation of 3D-printed honeycomb structures in hip protectors, focusing on cell wall thickness, relative density, and orientation. The design integrates an EVA foam outer layer with a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) honeycomb core fabricated using fused-deposition modeling (FDM). Horizontal and vertical orientations were tested at relative densities of 12%, 20%, and 28%, with wall thicknesses of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mm. Compression and impact tests showed that vertical structures offer superior impact reduction at equal relative densities. Higher densities enhanced energy absorption, while wall thickness had minimal effects within elastic and plateau regions. Notably, a vertical structure with 12% density matched a horizontal one with 28%, demonstrating effective force attenuation with reduced material and weight. These findings provide design guidance for developing lightweight, high-performance hip protectors based on 3D-printed honeycomb architectures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 103986"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a historically grounded bibliographic model to enhance reference reliability in planning research","authors":"Hisham Abusaada ,&nbsp;Abeer Elshater ,&nbsp;Hebatullah Ghalib","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Planning research should rely on empirical evidence and on how knowledge is structured, cited, and contextualized. This paper introduces the Historically Grounded Bibliography (HGB) as a heuristic model, which redefines bibliographic analysis as a dynamic methodological tool rather than a static list of references. The HGB model is built on a scoping review of three analytical principles—Interpretation, Context, and Lineage—that uncover interconnections and historical dependencies in planning research. The model’s construct is developed into a procedural tool encompassing six steps and twelve actionable procedures. For example, this manuscript used the HGB model, presenting steps and actions for constructing a bibliography. Our results confirmed that the HGB model enhances the reliability and interpretive capacity of bibliographic inquiry. This heuristic model positions bibliography in planning research as a methodological bridge between qualitative understanding and data-driven research, thereby helping select a reliable list of references.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 103973"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145891203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation of retailing techniques within a supply chain model under a leader–follower game strategy","authors":"Biswajit Sarkar ,&nbsp;Sumi Kar ,&nbsp;Anita Pal ,&nbsp;Mitali Sarkar","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, every sector opens a hybrid retail channel to sell their products to customers in the market to serve customers easily, and to provide the best satisfaction. In a supply chain management model, the manufacturer produces deteriorating-type products and sends these products to the retailer through an offline channel. The retailer sells those products to customers through three different retailing channels, namely online, offline, and buy online and pick up in-store, with different selling prices. The competition between the manufacturer and retailer is demonstrated through the leader–follower Stackelberg game policy. From the results, it is found that the centralized system provides better outcomes than the decentralized system. Comparing the beta distribution, uniform distribution, and triangular distribution, the triangular distribution yields more profit for the centralized system. For the case of uniform distribution, the centralized system provides 19.57 % more profit than the original system under manufacturer leadership.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 103878"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incremental parameterized-kernel fractional operators: theory, novel Banach spaces, and machine learning applications","authors":"Tahir Ullah Khan ,&nbsp;Christine Markarian","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a new class of Incremental Parameterized–Kernel (IPK) fractional derivative and integral operators that improve modeling of complex dynamical systems. Two specially constructed increment-based left- and right-sided integrals are iterated to prove Cauchy-type formulas which lead to the generalized IPK fractional operators. Essential properties such as linearity, boundedness, semigroup structure, and continuity are verified, and it is shown that the associated operator spaces constitute Banach spaces. Several special cases of the parameters provide classical fractional forms such as Riemann–Liouville, Hadamard, and Katugampola operators. A comparative study is also conducted that highlights the enhanced memory behavior and adaptability of the IPK operators relative to traditional models. Additionally, the newly-defined operators are implemented in a neural network training framework, where IPK-based fractional gradients improve learning performance and demonstrate computational feasibility. These results underscore the ability of the IPK operators for applications in mathematical modeling, and AI systems with memory-dependent dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 103972"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}