Ain Shams Engineering Journal最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the impact of damage rate on the performance of orange fruit harvesting robot","authors":"Sadaf Zeeshan ,&nbsp;Tauseef Aized ,&nbsp;Fahid Riaz","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing damage rates is paramount for optimizing the efficiency of fruit harvesting robots and advancing their journey towards commercial viability. Despite the crucial role that damage rates play in determining fruit quality and marketability, there is a notable lack of comprehensive and in-depth studies analyzing this aspect, especially within the context of fruit harvesting robots. Most research tends to prioritize metrics such as success rate and accuracy of fruit picking, leaving the examination of damage rates relatively overlooked. This study fills this gap by conducting a thorough examination of the factors contributing to damage rates in fruit harvesting robots, including the causes of damage, the types and sizes of bruises incurred, and the impact of occlusion, illumination conditions, and end effector orientation. Additionally, the research investigates strategies for minimizing damage rates, offering insights into optimizing fruit harvesting techniques to reduce potential damage. Occlusion, illumination, and gripper angle were found to significantly influence fruit damage. Specifically, a 10 % increase in occlusion raised damage by 1.18 %, a 100 Lumen/m² increase in illumination reduced damage by 10.5 %, and deviation from the optimal 90° gripper angle increased damage by 1.8 % per 10° shift. Overall, proper fruit orientation reduced damage by 40 %, minimal occlusion by 36 %, and optimal illumination by 25 %. A multiple linear regression model explained the variance in damage rate (R2 = 0.924) and achieved a low RMSE of 1.85 %, demonstrating high predictive accuracy and validating the model’s reliability in quantifying the influence of harvesting parameters. By investigating these aspects and exploring strategies for minimizing damage, the study aims to advance fruit harvesting robotics and contribute to the successful commercialization of this technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103735"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Security risk assessment of internet of things health devices using DREAD and STRIDE models","authors":"Buhang Zhai ,&nbsp;Oluwatobi Noah Akande ,&nbsp;Saurabh Agarwal ,&nbsp;Wooguil Pak","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A high volume of IoT devices used in healthcare is not regulated for security, which can allow attacks to occur that endanger healthcare organizations based on the value of patient data. Such devices are primarily implemented in a way that prioritizes usability and cost. Security is rarely prioritized due to a lack of universal security standards. The threats are constantly evolving, and strengthening device security has become a high-priority task. We conducted a qualitative and quantitative risk assessment of the twenty-three top IoT-based health devices using the qualitative STRIDE model for threat identification, and the quantitative DREAD model for threat prioritization. Specific countermeasures are proposed for each risk, which, if properly implemented, can considerably reduce vulnerabilities. We also present a prototype web platform for interactive, user-friendly risk assessment and security awareness in healthcare IoT, designed to enable improved protection for patients from the inefficient provision of security through unsafe technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103721"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and computational analysis of circular eccentric venturi meters: Discharge coefficients and flow regimes","authors":"M.S. Karthik ,&nbsp;P.Siva Kota Reddy ,&nbsp;Tapankumar Trivedi ,&nbsp;Asha Rajiv ,&nbsp;Madhu Chennabasappa ,&nbsp;Fehmi Gamaoun","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this present study, experimental and numerical analysis on circular eccentric Venturi meters were carried out. An experimental discharge coefficient of 0.969 was determined for a beta ratio of 0.5 and 6.25 mm eccentricity. A computational fluid dynamics simulation investigated the behavior of the meter at different Reynolds numbers and eccentric heights. The results agreed with literature data and validated the proposed computational methodology. It was observed that increasing the eccentric distance had no significant impact on the discharge coefficient. The coefficient exhibited a strong correlation with the flow regime, decreasing from 0.979 to 0.186 as the Reynolds number decreased from 100,000 to 1. However, the coefficient decreased significantly as the Reynolds number decreased. The estimated combined standard uncertainty in the discharge coefficient was ± 2.6 %, with an expanded uncertainty of ± 5.2 % at a 95 % confidence level. These findings could improve industrial flow measurements through a better eccentric Venturi meter design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103727"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of road microclimate in arid regions and their spatial components: A case study of Tuanshan village","authors":"Likai Lin ,&nbsp;Yan Gui","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Roads serve as critical transportation corridors within settlements and represent the most frequently utilized public spaces. The regulation and enhancement of the microclimate environment along these roads significantly influence outdoor activity comfort, particularly in arid regions where temperature modulation is essential. This study employs field investigations and on-site measurements to conduct a comparative analysis of various road types in Tuanshan Village, aiming to identify the key spatial elements that impact the microclimate conditions of roads in arid environments. The study reveals that (1) the spatial characteristics surrounding roads are intricately linked to their microclimate environment; (2) generally, roads situated near water bodies and beneath tree canopies achieve optimal microclimatic conditions; (3) vegetation plays a crucial role in mitigating solar radiation during the regulation of the microclimate; and (4) alleys and water features positively contribute to enhancing the wind environment along roadways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103731"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy arbitrage using second-life electric vehicle battery: A feasibility study based on CU-BEMS data","authors":"Aree Wangsupphaphol ,&nbsp;Sotdhipong Phichaisawat ,&nbsp;Awang Jusoh","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores energy storage from repurposed EV batteries. For storage sizing, 18 months of actual load profiles from a building energy management system are employed to avoid the shortcomings of a general representative load profile. Ambient temperature is used to evaluate battery performance throughout the project. Our battery degradation models have a higher R-squared than previous studies, making our study unique. Battery deterioration is analyzed using off-peak energy arbitrage and solar energy arbitrage, which use full and half cycles per day and offer different yields. Economic evaluation uses net present value and IRR. The study indicated electricity prices drive return period. The sensitivity analysis shows that off-peak energy arbitrage is not practicable for the 10-year project, but a battery cost of $50 to $60 per kWh and operational temperatures below 35 °C would make solar energy arbitrage profitable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103740"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D-MobiBrainNet: Multi-class Alzheimer’s disease classification using 3D brain magnetic resonance imaging","authors":"Zia-ur Rehman ,&nbsp;Mohd Khalid Awang ,&nbsp;Ghulam Ali ,&nbsp;Muhammad Hamza ,&nbsp;Tariq Ali ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ayaz ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hijji","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the predominant form of dementia for which no curative treatment currently exists. The accelerated aging progression necessitates precise detection of initial AD for effective patient management and illness delay. Earlier research generally used two-dimensional (2D) imaging, which used a single slice that caused loss of spatial information. Most of the previous techniques concentrated on binary classification; however, they encountered difficulties. Which ultimately leads to more parameters and higher computational costs. Compared to binary classification, little work has been done with multi-class classification with 3D images, but that research had low accuracies. To address these limitations, this research proposes 3D-MobiBrainNet, a novel deep learning framework designed to enhance the multi-class classification of AD by leveraging 3D MRI and multi-plane feature fusion. The model processes volumetric data across the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes, ensuring a more comprehensive understanding of brain abnormalities. This method comprised three main steps: (i) Plane-specific extraction of features employs a bottleneck block which comprises depth-wise separable convolutions for every MRI plane to optimize feature extraction and reduce computation complexities; (ii) feature enhancement and selection utilized a feature recalibration strategy to emphasizes important characteristics and a ReLU6 (Rectified Linear Unit) activation function to improve computing efficiency; and (iii) 3D feature integration and classification combine features from each of the three planes into a unified 3D space of features. Experimental results demonstrate that 3D-MobiBrainNet achieves state-of-the-art classification performance using Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset with an accuracy of 97.33 %, recall of 97.33 %, F1-score of 97.33 %, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 99.92 %. Another metric under evaluation was the model’s parameters. Compared to other implemented techniques, the proposed model had fewer parameters (34,145,099), enhancing its prediction performance and requiring fewer processing resources and memory. Additionally, the five-fold cross-validation method was used to check the model’s ability to work well on unseen data and make sure it does not over fit. The results were promising, with a 90.162 % success rate, which showed the good generalizability performance of the model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103714"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid augmentation for multi-channel deep learning in guava leaf disease detection","authors":"Osman Güler ,&nbsp;Taha Etem ,&nbsp;Mustafa Teke","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Guava (Psidium guajava) faces significant threats from leaf diseases that compromise its yield and quality. Traditional diagnostic methods that rely on manual inspection are inefficient and subjective, necessitating automated solutions. This study introduces a robust ensemble deep learning framework for guava leaf disease classification by combining hybrid data augmentation with advanced architectures to address the variability in environmental conditions and imaging. A dataset of 2,063 guava leaf images in five categories was expanded using traditional geometric augmentation and synthetic GAN-generated images. Seven state-of-the-art deep learning models, and Vision Transformer B16) were evaluated, with InceptionV3 (92.50% accuracy on GAN data) and ResNet50 (93.12% accuracy on augmented data) selected for their complementary strengths. A multi-channel model fused their features, achieving a 97.50% test accuracy, 0.975 F1-score, and 0.9934 AUC. The results demonstrate the viability of integrating CNNs with transformer architectures under unified augmentation strategies, thereby offering a scalable solution for real-time field deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103716"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning and optimization-based feature selection for fetal health classification using CTG data","authors":"Turgay Kaya ,&nbsp;Duygu Kaya ,&nbsp;Fatmanur Atar","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a DL and metaheuristic optimization-based framework for fetal health assessment using cardiotocography (CTG) signals to mitigate maternal and neonatal mortality. One-dimensional CTG signals were transformed into 2D representations, and deep feature extraction was performed using AlexNet. Feature vectors FC6, FC7, and their combination were subjected to optimization via Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA + DL) and War Strategy Optimization (WSO + DL), utilizing updated fitness functions tailored for feature selection. Experimental results with SVM classifiers demonstrated superior performance with FC6 (89.98 %) and WSO + DL (90.17 %). FC6 exhibited strong discriminative capacity, while FC7 contained semantically richer features. The concatenated FC6 + FC7 vector increased feature diversity. WSO + DL achieved optimal balance across classification accuracy, feature subset size, convergence rate, and overall performance metrics. The integration of DL and metaheuristic algorithms effectively isolated informative feature subsets, improving training efficiency, minimizing redundant/noisy data, reducing overfitting risk, and enhancing classification accuracy. Optimization method selection proved critical to overall model performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103698"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traces of detached house in the cultural codes of apartment buildings: The case of Konya, Türkiye","authors":"Yavuz Arat","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Humanity has undergone multifaceted changes in social and economic life over time, adapting to the new life with this change and giving direction to it. As a result of contemporary movements affecting the society in terms of social and cultural aspects in every period, it is seen that it is reflected to its environment on the axis of the changing lifestyle in the affected societies. In the last periods of the Ottoman Empire, with the influence of Tanzimat, the lifestyle was highly influenced by the westernization and modernization movement, and the understanding of modernism, which was accepted in the sense of westernization, was effectively spread to the newly established Republic of Turkey. In other words, in the late Ottoman period, especially in big cities influenced by Tanzimat, the understanding of modernity expanded significantly. Consequently, Westernization was reflected in everyday life through the concept of modernity. As a result, the transformation of family life and the imposition of contemporary life characteristics in many ways led to the transformation of the living space and its equipment. In fact, this transition process did not envisage a spatial order that was effectively created in order to establish the nation state, and this new order was unwittingly built on the architectural experience from the past. The influence of modernization and Bauhaus, which were effective in the westernization movements that emerged in the process of building the nation state, led to a change in the spatial configuration/order of housing, especially in large cities. In this context, the development of low-rise buildings produced in the process of building the nation-state with this movement that started in the 1920 s and became effective in the 1930 s and the development of apartment buildings that transformed afterwards did not take place in the same way in Anatolian cities. As a result, it is natural that the transformation in Ankara, the reconstructed capital city with a population of over a hundred thousand, and Istanbul, the former capital city, took place differently than in Anatolian cities. In short, the sample area of this study, which will determine whether the codes based on the past have a partial effect on the transformation of detached housing, which is the most affected building stock in this construction process, into apartment buildings, has been chosen as the city of Konya.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103728"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental validation of an automated soil leachate monitoring system for agricultural Non-Point source pollution and nutrient run-off to water bodies","authors":"Muhammad Awais ,&nbsp;Yongqi Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Syed Muhammad Zaigham Abbas Naqvi ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Vijaya Raghavan ,&nbsp;Jiandong Hu ,&nbsp;Iskander Tlili","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite advancements, precise on-site measurement of agricultural non-point source pollution and its impact on water quality remains challenging. Existing systems face limitations in addressing spatial variability and temporal fluctuations and accurately capturing nutrient dynamics in water bodies. This study introduces an innovative automated monitoring framework to assess nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contributions from agricultural runoff. This research also presents an innovative mathematical modeling framework and experimental validation for an automated soil leachate collection system (ASLCS) designed to monitor agricultural non-point source pollution, particularly focusing on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) dynamics integrating soil water dynamics, pressure variations, and sensor responses. The model demonstrated exceptional accuracy in simulating soil water content across multiple depths (30, 60, and 90 cm) with remarkably low RMSE values of 0.0038, 0.0044, and 0.0036 m³/m³ respectively. The soil leachate collection rates showed a<!--> <!-->strong correlation with soil water content (R² &gt; 0.98 across all depths), with collection efficiency peaking at soil water contents above 0.28 m³/m³. Pressure dynamics analysis revealed sophisticated relationships between normalized pressure and volume (R² = 0.9911 and 0.9977), while ultrasonic level sensor performance demonstrated high measurement accuracy (R² = 0.9902) across operational ranges. The capability of the designed model to monitor nutrient concentrations showed exceptional precision, with validation results indicating high accuracy for NH₄-N (R² = 0.9968, 0–10 mg/L range), NO₃-N (R² = 0.9960, 0–20 mg/L range), and phosphorus (R² = 0.9943, 0–5 mg/L range). This integrated approach represented a significant advancement in automated monitoring technology, offering real-time, high-precision tracking of agricultural nutrient leaching while minimizing soil disruption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103713"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}