Ain Shams Engineering Journal最新文献

{"title":"Fully signed quadrature space shift keying MIMO modulation","authors":"Hany S. Hussein ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Al Ayidh ,&nbsp;Ehab Mahmoud Mohamed ,&nbsp;Hamada Esmaiel ,&nbsp;Mohammed Farrag","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) space shift keying (SSK) modulation scheme, termed fully signed quadrature space shift keying (FSQ-SSK), is proposed in this paper. Unlike conventional MIMO space modulation techniques (SMTs), the proposed FSQ-SSK utilized the four independent spatial domains provided by the ± in-phase and ± quadrature-phase with the overall potential transmitter (TX) antenna combinations (including the inactive TX antenna case) to increase its spectral efficiency (SE). Hence, the attainable data rate of the proposed FSQ-SSK is directly linearly increased with the number of TX antennas. Moreover, the proposed FSQ-SSK can operate with any number of TX antennas ≥2. As a result, the number of TX antenna is not restricted to being equal to <span><math><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>ı</mi></mrow></msup></math></span> any longer (i.e., it is adaptable), where <em>ı</em> is any positive integer number &gt;0. Numerical computer simulation results illustrate the superiority of the proposed FSQ-SSK as at 10 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), it achieves an average ∼5.8 dB saving compared to the up-to-date SMTs with satisfactory computational complexity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103703"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiment and simulation of the effect of stirrer blade on the purification of p-cresol by tower continuous crystallizer","authors":"Wenlong Xiao ,&nbsp;Xu Ma ,&nbsp;He’an Luo ,&nbsp;Zhengming Yi ,&nbsp;Sheng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of stirrer blade is investigated to solve the shortcomings of continuous melt crystallization, such as discontinuous crystal bed and crystallizer blockage. Through experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations, it was determined that the crystallization bed was the key factor affecting the purification effect. A three-stage structure for the stirrer blade was proposed, consisting of a rushton turbine, a special type of helical ribbon impeller, and an impeller. The optimal parameters were established by single-phase flow simulation as an agitator blade radius of 19 mm, a propeller blade height of 25 mm, a propeller series of 5, and a stirring speed of 120 rpm. The two-phase flow simulation further verified the feasibility of the three-stage stirring structure. The optimized stirrer blade effectively ensured the height and continuity of the crystal bed. This provides the basis for achieving continuous crystallization and promotes the development of industrial separation technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103711"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical analysis of PRC reactor based on zero power physical experiments","authors":"Qi-Dong Dai ,&nbsp;Jiang Niu ,&nbsp;Ming-Chang Wu ,&nbsp;Yi-Fan Zhang ,&nbsp;Li-Yuan Huang ,&nbsp;Na Zhang ,&nbsp;Tian-Xiong Wang ,&nbsp;Lin-Feng Yang ,&nbsp;Yong-Mu Yang ,&nbsp;Wen-Cong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Pulsed Reactor of China (PRC) can provide a stable neutron field for neutron science applications, with a steady-state rated power of 1 MW. This study aims to provide a comprehensive physical analysis of the PRC reactor through an integrated approach combining zero power physical experiments and computational modeling. The research methodology involves validating the physical model’s accuracy with the MCNP4C program by comparing simulation results against zero power experimental measurements, including critical rod positions, shutdown depth, control rod worth and fuel element worth. Following model validation, we analyzed neutron flux distributions within the core and horizontal channel, characterizing thermal, epithermal and fast neutron components. Furthermore, we analyzed the neutron energy spectrum and radiation shielding characteristics, providing a complete description of the reactor’s neutron physical properties. The analysis results demonstrate that the PRC reactor can reliably provide a stable neutron field for neutron science applications while ensuring operational radiation safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103737"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of steel and polypropylene fiber reinforcement on mitigating conversion effects in calcium aluminate cement at varying curing temperatures","authors":"Thwe Thwe Win ,&nbsp;Yiwei Weng ,&nbsp;Lapyote Prasittisopin","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Calcium aluminate cement (CAC) is widely used in high-performance applications due to its rapid setting and resistance to aggressive environments. However, its long-term durability is often compromised by hydration phase conversion, particularly under varying temperature conditions. At elevated curing temperatures, the conversion from metastable CAH₁₀ and C₂AH₈ phases to the more stable, but porous, C₃AH₆ phase can lead to strength reduction. This study investigates how fiber reinforcement, specifically steel fibers (SF) and polypropylene fibers (PF), can mitigate these adverse effects in CAC composites cured at high temperatures (40 °C and 60 °C). A comprehensive evaluation of fiber-reinforced CAC composites was conducted, focusing on fresh and mechanical properties, chemical composition, and microstructural evolution. Experimental techniques included flowability, bulk density, void vol5me, water absorption, compressive strength, direct tensile strength, and flexural strength tests, complemented by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to assess phase composition and pore structure. The incorporation of fibers significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of CAC composites, with 1 % fiber addition improving compressive, direct tensile, and flexural strengths. At 40 °C, SF improved these strengths by approximately 26.5 %, 67 %, and 27.6 %, respectively, while PF enhanced them by 4.4 %, 24 %, and 16 %. However, at 60 °C, strength gains were less pronounced due to accelerated phase conversion and changes in porosity. Microstructural analysis reveals both SF and PF yield to reduced pore size, enhancing the strength and durability of the composites, attributed from the stable C3AH6 phase transition in CAC at higher curing temperatures up to 60 °C. This study provides new insights into the potential of fiber reinforcement in mitigating conversion-related strength loss in CAC at elevated temperatures. By enhancing mechanical performance and durability, SF and PF offer a sustainable approach to optimizing CAC composites for high-temperature applications, contributing to the development of eco-friendly, rapid-setting, and high-performance construction materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103680"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid enhanced particle swarm optimization for VTOL UAV sliding mode controller: A methodological","authors":"Zhong Wei Liu,&nbsp;Si Bo Huang,&nbsp;Tian Yu Zhang,&nbsp;He Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces an improved Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) using Hybrid Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization (HEPSO) for parameter tuning, optimizing c1, c2, η1, and η2. HEPSO integrates adaptive inertia<!--> <!-->weights (AIW), unified factor enhancement (UFE), and global optimal particle training (GOPT), enhancing its performance. Validated against CEC2022 benchmark functions, HEPSO excels in convergence and precision over other PSO variants. Its practicality was tested in VTOL UAV simulations, outperforming PSO-SMC, IPSO-SMC, and UPS-SMC, proving its effectiveness in UAV control systems. This study upgrades SMC performance and offers a robust control strategy for UAVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103694"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiclass aerial image recognition using improved Black Widow Optimization with deep learning on unmanned aerial networks imaging","authors":"Mahmoud Ragab ,&nbsp;Bandar M. Alghamdi ,&nbsp;Sami Saeed Binyamin ,&nbsp;Sultan Algarni ,&nbsp;Roobaea Alroobaea ,&nbsp;Abdullah M. Baqasah ,&nbsp;Majed Alsafyani","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have transformed industries by capturing high-resolution aerial images with specialized cameras and sensors. This technology is widely used in remote sensing (RS), environmental monitoring, disaster response, agriculture, and urban development. UAV-based aerial image classification improves the analysis of large-scale geographical and environmental data. Land cover classification (LCC) is a crucial application of UAV imaging, involving the categorization of land surfaces like vegetation, water bodies, urban areas, and bare soil. It offers valuable insights for environmental monitoring, urban planning, and resource management. Conventional methods for image classification often encounter challenges in handling the complexity and scale of UAV-generated data. Deep learning (DL), particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), has become a crucial tool for precisely classifying aerial images. DL uses neural networks to improve land cover recognition, simplify object detection, and enable real-time data analysis. This study proposes a Multiclass Aerial Image Recognition using Improved Black Widow Optimization with Deep Learning (MAIR-IBWODL) approach to UAV imaging. The main intention of the MAIR-IBWODL approach is to identify and categorize numerous classes that occur in the images. To attain this, the MAIR-IBWODL method utilizes the SE-DenseNet method for learning complex feature patterns from RS images. Furthermore, the MAIR-IBWODL method employs the IBWO method for the hyperparameter range of the SE-DenseNet model. Also, the attention long short-term memory (ALSTM) technique is implemented for classification. To elucidate the performance of the MAIR-IBWODL technique, a sequence of simulations is performed under the UCM Landuse dataset. The experimentation validation of the MAIR-IBWODL technique depicted a superior accuracy value of 99.94% over existing models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103696"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IoT-driven smart grid monitoring with enhanced energy routing and advanced encryption techniques","authors":"K. Perachi ,&nbsp;S. Balaji","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) such as Photovoltaic (PV) system and wind into power grids has become crucial to achieve effective energy systems. Most conventional approaches either focus primarily on optimizing communication paths without ensuring strong data encryption, or they prioritize security mechanisms that significantly increase latency and energy consumption due to computational complexity. This paper proposes a robust IoT-based smart grid system in which a novel Harmonic Search Optimized Recurrent Neural Network (HSO-RNN) approach improves the shortest path routing efficiency. The proposed work incorporates Improved Paillier Homomorphic (IPH) based encryption scheme, which assures integrity and confidentiality of data transmitted. The outcomes of proposed smart grid system using MATLAB and FPGA controller demonstrate significant improvements by providing enhanced security and optimal routing. Future direction is to integrate federated learning along with post-quantum cryptographic techniques to enhance privacy and protect against future quantum attacks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103656"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal allocation of renewable energy resources in a smart grid under neutrosophic credibility-based uncertainty","authors":"Muhammad Zafar Abbas ,&nbsp;Rukhshanda Anjum ,&nbsp;Muhammad Umar Mirza ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman A. Almehizia ,&nbsp;Amir Hussain","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modern research in renewable energy systems faces many challenges in dealing with uncertain data and inconsistent expert evaluations, particularly in the context of smart grid systems. Traditional multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) methods are incapable of representing the accumulated effect of truth, ambiguity and credibility, which are important factors when it comes to decision-making in energy planning. To address these limitations, this study presents a novel concept of neutrosophic credibility numbers (NCNs) as a new modeling tool that uses truth, indeterminacy and falsity components with credibility measurement for uncertainty representation. Based on NCNs, we introduce a novel aggregation operator termed as generalized neutrosophic fuzzy credibility numbers weighted averaging (GNFCNWA) operator which enhances aggregation of uncertain information and improves the credibility of decisions. Furthermore, we also provide an algorithm that extends the utilization of NCNs with the GNFCNWA operator in a complete approach to decision-making. In order to validate the effectiveness of our proposed approach, the method is applied to a case study in an optimal renewable energy resource allocation in sustainable energy systems in a smart grid. The analysis focuses on evaluating four major alternatives such as solar farm, wind park, battery storage system and hybrid energy systems on the basis of four key attributes including energy demand matching, transmission efficiency along with environmental impact and integration feasibility. The alternative solar farm stands out as an optimal alternative. A sensitivity analysis is performed using different set of value of the operator's parameter to confirm the robustness of the ranking outcomes. Furthermore, a comparative analysis with the existing methods confirms the efficacy of the proposed approach. Overall, the fusion of neutrosophic theory with credibility provides groundbreaking approach to sustainable energy systems and other engineering domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103688"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modified advanced encryption standard based on lora for monitoring and protecting distributed systems","authors":"Vineeth Vellora Veetil ,&nbsp;Sophia Sudhir","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of a smart grid in the power system depends heavily on efficient energy consumption. Therefore, a top priority of smart grid (SM) is accurate monitoring and management of energy use. A smart power grid is a system of two-way communication where exchange of data is crucial to the transmission and distribution of electricity. In contrast to a conventional energy meter, SM is an enhanced energy meter that facilitates two-way communications. To support decentralized generation sources and energy storage devices, it is able to measure consumer’s energy usage and subsequently relay additional information to utility providers. The act of collecting utility meter evaluations from electricity and recognizing unlicensed utilization of power is challenging and time-consuming which requires human resources in majority for underdeveloped countries. Internet of Things (IoT) presents an efficient and inexpensive method of wirelessly transferring information on energy utilized by consumer and features to identify unauthorized use of electricity. The purpose of this work is to employ IoT and telemetric communication methods to monitor residential usage of electricity and automatically produce a bill. This work also attempts to identify and reduce energy theft. The digital energy meter system is controlled by an Arduino microcontroller, which additionally serves to connect the device to a LORA (Long Range) network, then to the server and Internet. The technology uses improved Advanced Encryption Standard (I-AES) to identify any unauthorized changes made to metering system. In such an instance, system has the abilities to automatically cut and reconnect the electricity supply while also sending a notification to server. Using a network of IoT, energy consumptions are computed on its own, and the bill is modified online. The demand for manual work may decline as a result of this automation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103676"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Existence and structure analysis of attractors for new delayed Kirchhoff-type suspension bridge equations under stochastic perturbations with applications","authors":"Tahir Ullah Khan ,&nbsp;Christine Markarian","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the existence and structure of global attractors for a new class of delayed Kirchhoff-type suspension bridge equations under stochastic perturbations. Through the application of infinite-dimensional dynamical system techniques, we establish the well-posedness of the problem and the existence of a global attractor in a bounded absorbing set. The system's long-term stability despite the presence of random external perturbations is proven through the asymptotic smoothness of the governing semigroup. Moreover, we examine the dynamical and topological properties of the attractor, and prove that it possesses finite fractal dimension under subcritical conditions. In addition, we provide numerical simulations and applications showing how our results model the vibrations of suspension bridges under stochastic environmental forces, such as wind and traffic loads. Also, we validate our theoretical obtained results through computational analysis. This work supports suspension bridge optimization, with future focus on stability in stochastic environments, advanced control, and numerical efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103691"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}