Ain Shams Engineering Journal最新文献

{"title":"Analog testing with non-sinusoidal waveforms in the single mode: a new parametric fault detection approach","authors":"Mohamed H. El-Mahlawy ,&nbsp;Mahmoud S. Hamid","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the new parametric fault detection approach (PFDA) for analog circuits that uses non-sinusoidal waveforms in the single mode (NSWs_SM). The PFDA is achieved by stimulating the propagation delay in the time domain resulting from circuit component shifts at the test response of the analog circuit under test (ACUT). The stimulated temporal width at various levels of the test response is accurately measured. The robustness of time measurement used in the proposed design approach is achieved compared with the previously published work. The temporal width at each level resulting from component shifts is compared with the global boundaries derived from the worst-case analysis for each level using either the PSpice or MATLAB simulation. Finally, the PFDA is applied to the ACUTs selected from a range of analog benchmark circuits. The effectiveness of the PFDA compared to the analogous analog testing procedures employing NSWs_SM is demonstrated in different scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103658"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation model for rural–urban fire service resource imbalance: A county-level perspective","authors":"Xiao Lei ,&nbsp;Dingli Liu ,&nbsp;Diping Yuan ,&nbsp;Weijun Liu ,&nbsp;Yuan Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies primarily focused on urban areas, neglected the imbalance of fire service resources between urban and rural regions. An imbalance coefficient model was developed in this study, utilizing real-time traffic data and Points of Interests (POI) to evaluate county-level fire service accessibility as a critical component of effective risk governance. Three variables—population density, demand points, and average travel time—are used to calculate the imbalance coefficient. A case study in Longhui County, China, validates the method. POI data identifies 19,109 fire service demand points, with one urban and 23 rural stations serving as supply points. Travel times are simulated based on real-time traffic, generating 2,293,080 valid samples from 120 scenarios. Results show accessibility within ≤4 mins, 4–14 mins, 14–24 mins, and &gt; 24 mins accounts for 11.56 %, 46.63 %, 32.06 %, and 10.75 % of the county, respectively. The imbalance coefficient (0.5271) indicates extreme urban–rural disparity. To address urban–rural fire service imbalance and improve resilience against thermal runaway risks, strengthening rural fire infrastructure and implementing comprehensive risk governance frameworks is essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103695"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A holistic framework for evaluating water security in agricultural systems in arid and semi-arid climatic regions","authors":"Shahla Dehghanpir ,&nbsp;Ommolbanin Bazrafshan ,&nbsp;Behnoush Farokhzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates water sustainability in Iran’s cereal production systems (wheat, barley, and maize) from 2008 to 2021 by integrating the Water Footprint concept with multiple water scarcity indices (WSI, WPI, WDI, WSSI). The results demonstrate a critical dependence on blue water resources, accounting for 73.3 %, 70 %, and 80 % of total water requirements for wheat, barley, and maize production, respectively. Spatial analysis reveals striking regional disparities, with northern provinces like Guilan (WWSI = 0.01) experiencing low water stress, while arid central and eastern regions such as Yazd (WWSI = 0.95) and Markazi (MWSI = 1.90) face extreme water scarcity. The findings highlight how cereal cultivation, particularly water-intensive maize, exerts substantial pressure on Iran’s limited water resources. The proposed multi-index framework provides valuable insights for developing targeted water management strategies to enhance agricultural sustainability, optimize irrigation efficiency, and reduce reliance on unsustainable water sources in water-stressed regions, offering crucial guidance for policymakers in arid and semi-arid environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103689"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UniTextFusion: A low-resource framework for Arabic multimodal sentiment analysis using early fusion and LoRA-tuned language models","authors":"Salma Khaled ,&nbsp;Walaa Medhat ,&nbsp;Ensaf Hussein Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MuSA) seeks to interpret human emotions by combining textual, auditory, and visual cues. While this field has advanced significantly in English, Arabic MuSA remains underdeveloped due to limited large language models (LLMs), scarce annotated datasets, dialectal variation, and the complexity of fusing multiple modalities. Cultural elements such as sarcasm and emotional nuance are particularly difficult to capture without multimodal context. An early fusion approach, UniTextFusion, is introduced as a means of overcoming these challenges. This fusion strategy transforms audio and visual inputs into descriptive text, allowing seamless integration with Arabic-compatible LLMs. We apply parameter-efficient Low-Rank Adaption (LoRA) fine-tuning to two generative models—LLaMA 3.1-8B Instruct and SILMA AI 9B. Experiments on our Arabic MuSA dataset show that UniTextFusion improves sentiment classification performance by up to 34% in F1-score over strong unimodal and multimodal baselines, reaching 68% with LLaMA and 71% with SILMA. These results validate our hypothesis that modality textualization combined with lightweight fine-tuning is effective for Arabic MuSA and offers a scalable solution for sentiment analysis in low-resource settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103682"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Converging efficiency: Computational and fractal insights into parallel non-linear schemes","authors":"Mudassir Shams ,&nbsp;Nasreen Kausar ,&nbsp;Ali Akgül ,&nbsp;Tonguç Çağın","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents and examines a parallel method for the simultaneous approximation of all roots of nonlinear equations. With the use of a parallel computing architecture, the algorithm aims to enhance computational efficiency. An exhaustive convergence analysis corroborates the finding that the developed scheme converges at sixth order. To optimize parameter values and speed up the convergence rate of the proposed parallel technique, the concepts of dynamical and parametric planes are employed. The computational efficiency percentage demonstrates that the new parallel method is more efficient and involves fewer arithmetic operations compared to the current methods. Randomly chosen initial values are employed to demonstrate the engineering problems have been subjected to comparative analysis, which shows that the suggested parallel schemes surpass traditional methods in residual error, convergence rate, CPU time, memory usage, and computational cost. The findings indicate that the approach holds promise as a means of addressing nonlinear equations in scientific and engineering contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103670"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cooperative jamming mode adjustment method based on Multi-Agent reinforcement learning","authors":"Jieling Wang,&nbsp;Yanfei Liu,&nbsp;Chao Li,&nbsp;Dongdong Yang,&nbsp;Qingshan Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advancement of multifunctional netted radar systems (NRS), traditional jamming decision-making strategies struggle to adapt to the nonlinear challenges of dynamic electromagnetic countermeasures environments, particularly against multifunctional NRS. To address this, we propose a Multi-agent Joint Collaborative Jamming Adjustment Method (MJCJMA). Firstly, a non-cooperative adversarial scenario model is constructed, employing an improved snow melting algorithm (GPSAO-LSSVM) for radar threat pre-evaluation. And a threat quantification model is developed using enhanced entropy weighting (IEWM) and improved TOPSIS (ITOPSIS). Then, a multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithm is designed, integrating prioritized experience replay, entropy regularization, and reward centering to improve efficiency and stability. Furthermore, an alternating training strategy is proposed, which significantly accelerates the convergence process. Extensive simulation results validate the superiority of MJCJMA, which significantly reducing radar detection probability (96.25% vs. baseline, 47.51% vs. non-alternating training) and threat levels, thereby enabling intelligent jamming decisions in adversarial scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103672"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An energy efficient clustering and routing protocol with data fault prediction using hybrid EAAM with BiLSTM-GRU-IDS in wireless sensor networks","authors":"G. Mahalakshmi ,&nbsp;S. Ramalingam ,&nbsp;A. Manikandan ,&nbsp;S. Murugesan","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and the Internet of Things (IoT) are essential components in various applications. As WSN nodes often function with limited battery life, optimizing energy efficiency becomes crucial for clustering and routing tasks. Additionally, maintaining the reliability and security of transmitted data presents a significant challenge, especially in environments susceptible to attacks from malicious nodes. This research seeks to overcome these challenges by creating a routing protocol that prioritizes both security and energy efficiency while also integrating fault data prediction to enhance network longevity and data dependability. The process of cluster head (CH) formation and clustering is initially performed using the Enhanced Aphid-Ant Mutualism Optimization (EAAM) method. For reliable path selection, the Bald Eagle Search (BES) algorithm is employed. To further enhance system security and performance, a bidirectional deep short-term memory (BiLSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU)-based intrusion detection system (IDS), named Deep BiLSTM-GRU-IDS, is proposed for effective intrusion detection. The goal of the proposed solution is to enhance the accuracy and detection rate of the IDS while reducing processing time, particularly by minimizing the false positive rate in the WSN environment. The performance of the intrusion detection model was assessed using various evaluation parameters on the KDD Cup 1999 dataset, focusing on the detection rate, false alarm rate, and latency rate. The results highlight the effectiveness of the Deep BiLSTM-GRU-IDS, demonstrating its compatibility with other compared algorithms. When compared to existing methods like Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MO-PSO), Multi-objective Fractional Particle Lion Algorithm (MOFPL), Firefly Cyclic Randomization (FCR), Adaptive Shark Smell Optimization (ASSO), and Salp Swarm Optimization (SSO), the proposed protocol improves network lifetime by 30.3%, 22.85%, 16.21%, 8.86%, and 7.5%, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103655"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DeepPQDs-DWT-STNet: A novel DWT-ST and hybrid deep learning framework for power quality disturbance classification","authors":"T. Jayasree ,&nbsp;R. Binisha","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prevalence of power quality disturbances (PQDs) has grown significantly due to the widespread integration of nonlinear power electronic equipment and distributed generation systems, leading to energy losses and operational disruptions. Traditional classification methods struggle with noise and complex feature selection. This research introduces DeepPQDs-DWT-STNet, a hybrid deep learning framework combining Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Stockwell transform (ST). The DWT-ST contour plots visualize disturbance timing, location, and intensity across frequencies, while specific sub-bands (Q₁ to Q₄, P₄) quantify disturbance magnitude. The key features such as time, frequency, and shape-based characteristics are extracted and fed into the DeepPQDs-DWT-STNet model and then evaluated using synthetic and real time PQD data. The model achieves 99.98 % accuracy in noise-free conditions and maintains high performance with SNR levels of 50 dB (99.92 %) to 20 dB (99.65 %). Hardware-based experiments confirm its superior efficiency, processing each sample in 85 ms. Extensive validation was performed on five diverse datasets: DS1 (Clean Simulation), DS2 (Noisy Simulation), DS3 (Hardware Setup), DS4 (Solar PV) and DS5 (Wind Farm). The results demonstrate that DeepPQDs-DWT-STNet consistently delivers high classification accuracy across all conditions, including realistic renewable-based and hardware-induced disturbances, making it a reliable and effective approach for real-time PQD detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103677"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual reality simulation in urban design processes: Comparative workflow assessment and implementation outcomes","authors":"Ahmed Sayed Ali ,&nbsp;Samy Afifi ,&nbsp;Samah El Khateeb ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. El Fayoumi ,&nbsp;Omar Mohamed ElHusseiny","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban design presents risks of decision-making, such as spatial comprehension, coordination of the stakeholders, and successive check-ups. This paper will explore one of the simulation tools known as Virtual Reality (VR) to intensify these processes in a real urban development project. The two workflows were compared using a business park case in the Cairo exit in Almaza, Heliopolis, namely conventional and VR-augmented design. They identified seven stages of design and those tools of VR were employed to observe one of the teams and the other one used the traditional method of working. The results were tested on six criteria such as efficiency in process, teamwork and stakeholder involvement. Findings indicated that the VR-aided team was more effective than the conventional team, particularly in the participation, spatial awareness and iteration speed. VR has significant positive effects in decision making, allows more interaction, and fosters flexibility in urban design workflows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103671"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the thermal performance of roof through the integration of certain phase change materials for minimizing the heat transfer in buildings","authors":"Dachaphon Kealkaew ,&nbsp;Ahmad Fazlizan ,&nbsp;Atthakorn Thongtha","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride roofing systems through strategic Phase Change Material integration. The experimental design employed two distinct of Phase Change Material with melting points near 45 °C (referred as PCM1) and 55 °C (referred as PCM2). Standardized cubic test specimens measuring 60 cm × 60 cm × 60 cm were constructed to evaluate three configuration scenarios: Phase Change Material placement directly beneath the Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride roof, Phase Change Material sandwiching between the Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride roof and gypsum board substrate, and Phase Change Material positioning above the gypsum board layer. Controlled thermal testing was conducted at constant temperatures of 40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C, with each condition maintained for 240-minute durations using consistent heat sources. Results demonstrated optimal thermal performance when Phase Change Material was strategically positioned between the Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride roofing and gypsum board configuration. Comparative analysis between Phase Change Material formulations revealed Phase Change Material type 2′s superior heat transmission reduction capabilities, achieving temperature decreases of approximately 1.0 °C, 1.2 °C, and 1.3 °C ± 0.05 °C at the respective test temperatures compared to non-Phase Change Material type 2 integrated systems. Field validation over three days confirmed Phase Change Material type 2′s effectiveness, maintaining interior temperatures at 42.3 °C ± 0.05 °C, representing a 4.3 % reduction compared to conventional Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride roofing without Phase Change Material integration. Additionally, Phase Change Material type 2 installation exhibited extended heat flux time delays and reduced decrement factors, making it particularly suitable for residential roofing applications in Thailand’s tropical climate conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 103681"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144851844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}