Ain Shams Engineering Journal最新文献

{"title":"Using treatment and vaccination strategies to investigate transmission dynamics of influenza mathematical model","authors":"Zakirullah ,&nbsp;Liang Li ,&nbsp;Kamal Shah ,&nbsp;Bahaaeldin Abdalla ,&nbsp;Thabet Abdeljawad","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we built a deterministic compartmental mathematical model for understanding the transmission dynamics of influenza. The model includes multiple infection phases, including susceptible, exposed, carrier, infected, hospitalized, recovered, and vaccinated populations. Real-world epidemiology data calibrate the model using a least squares optimization approach. The model is mathematically well-posed, with demonstrations of existence, uniqueness, positivity, and boundedness of solutions. The basic reproduction number <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> is computed using the next generation matrix approach. It is found to be 0.480, showing that a single infected individual, on average, infects less than one person in a completely susceptible population. Stability analysis is performed using a Lyapunov function, revealing that the disease-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>1</mn></math></span> and globally stable when <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>1</mn></math></span>. Sensitivity analysis suggests that vaccination has a more substantial effect on decreasing transmission compared to treatment. Contour plots of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> with respect to key parameters demonstrate that intervention techniques affect epidemic control. Numerical simulations are carried out utilizing the Nonstandard Finite Difference (NSFD) approach to confirm the analytical findings and explore alternative control situations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 9","pages":"Article 103519"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data driven analysis of tablet design via machine learning for evaluation of impact of formulations properties on the disintegration time","authors":"Mohammed Ghazwani,&nbsp;Umme Hani","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the use of advanced machine learning techniques to model disintegration time for solid dosage oral formulations. The input features encompass molecular properties, physical attributes, excipient compositions, and formulation characteristics. An Isolation Forest algorithm is employed for outlier detection, while a Standard Scaler normalization technique ensures consistent feature scaling. Feature selection is conducted using Conditional Mutual Information (CMI) to identify the most informative predictors. The study compares three regression models: Local Polynomial Regression (LPR), Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), and Deep Gaussian Process Regression (DGPR). Results indicate that DGPR outperforms others, obtaining the highest R² scores and the lowest error rates across training, validation, and testing phases. Interpretability of the DGPR model is enhanced using SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations), providing insights into feature importance and their effects on predictions. Additionally, the Hunter-Prey Optimization algorithm is utilized to optimize hyperparameters, demonstrating its efficacy in balancing exploration and exploitation. This research shows that DGPR can accurately model complex relationships in pharmaceutical datasets and provides both predictive accuracy and interpretability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 9","pages":"Article 103512"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated design evaluation method for critical hospital units: Combining space syntax and virtual reality for operational efficiency","authors":"Ibrahim M. Fateen Elkahmisy,&nbsp;Yasser Mansour,&nbsp;Shaimaa Kamel","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of Critical Hospital Units plays a critical role in operational efficiency. This study presents an integrated evaluation method that combines Space Syntax Analysis (SSA) and Virtual Reality (VR) simulation to assess operational performance before construction. SSA quantitatively identifies accessibility patterns using a Normalized Weighted Accessibility Index (NWAI), while VR immerses users in scenario-based tasks to gather qualitative insights on operational flow. Furthermore, a novel ’Cruciality Level’ metric was introduced to prioritize functional spaces based on operational importance. Cross-analysis of NWAI and Cruciality scores provided a baseline for detecting spatial misalignments that guided the evaluation process. The method was tested on a proposed ED renovation at Nasr City Hospital, Cairo, with six experienced staff from various medical specialties. Findings revealed key bottlenecks: the Blood Lab scored the highest NWAI (0.778) and lowest user rating (3.0), indicating misalignment. The Imaging Zone was flagged for narrow corridors, low visibility, and crowding—despite moderate accessibility metrics—highlighting the limits of geometric analysis alone. In contrast, the Resuscitation Room and Triage scored low on NWAI (≤0.313) and high in Cruciality, confirming alignment. The contribution of this study is a method that bridges spatial analytics with experiential validation, supporting evidence-based, user-centered design in constrained healthcare renovations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 9","pages":"Article 103503"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative analysis of soliton molecules in the (2 + 1)-Dimensional Double-Chain DNA system with beta derivative: Novel insights from an analytical approach","authors":"Dipankar Kumar ,&nbsp;Gour Chandra Paul","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employs the unified method to analyze fractional-order DNA systems and constructs various soliton solutions. These include kink, anti-kink, singular, singular-periodic, periodic, and hybrid solitons in different parameter regimes. Graphical depictions of these solutions demonstrate the system’s spatiotemporal dynamics, revealing dual wave behaviors and the influence of physical parameters on soliton formation. The results indicate that the dual behavior of kink-antikink solitons may offer insights into the formation of an open-state configuration within the DNA double helix. Specifically, the amplitude of the anti-kink wave profile increases as the distance between the DNA strands grows, and the soliton profile shifts with varying stiffness and cross-sectional area. Additionally, the oscillatory wave remains unaffected by stiffness and area in terms of amplitude, though its profile undergoes shifts under varying conditions. This study provides a mathematical framework that bridges applied mathematics and molecular biology, enabling the exploration of DNA dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 8","pages":"Article 103447"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing SPIM-TA: a maturity-level framework for systematic process improvement in software testing automation","authors":"Muhammad Faisal Abrar ,&nbsp;Yasser Alharbi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Alsaffar ,&nbsp;Shah Hussain ,&nbsp;Muhammad Saqib ,&nbsp;Jawad Khan ,&nbsp;Youngmoon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing complexity and demands for high-quality software underlined the need for robust automated software testing frameworks. However, lack of skilled personnel, cost of testing automation, and maintenance of script along with others oppose the widespread adoption of automation in testing. The work proposed by this study is in line with the development of Systematic Process Improvement Model for Testing Automation, abbreviated as SPIM-TA. The model is inspired from Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) and Software Outsourcing Vendor Readiness Model (SOVRM) maturity-level-based framework. The research was done based on a four-phased methodology. In the first phase, a systematic literature review identified 14 critical challenges in software testing automation with practices or solutions for each of these challenges. In the second round, a survey questionnaire is used to validate these findings in industrial context and extract more practical insights from case studies. This dual approach had ensured both academic rigor and the relevance of the practices with industry. The third one involved developing SPIM-TA by incorporating insights that come from the SLR and those results of the survey as well. The framework defines five maturity levels, systematically addressing the identified challenges and providing a structured pathway for organizations to enhance their automation processes. In the fourth phase, case studies of industrial applications were carried out to evaluate SPIM-TA’s efficiency. The applicability, scalability, and impact of the framework on testing automation in the real world were assessed using the Motorola Assessment Tool. The findings illustrate the systematic way SPIM-TA will help overcome the automation challenge, so that organizations can reach more advanced levels of maturity and efficiency in their testing processes. In the first place, the present study closes the gap between academia and industry but at the same time paves the foundation for future research into the automation of software testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 8","pages":"Article 103472"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of possible tornado strike using complex m-polar fuzzy information based on Dombi operators","authors":"M. Haris Mateen ,&nbsp;Nazash Mustafa ,&nbsp;Dragan Pamucar ,&nbsp;Walid Emam","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tornados are extremely catastrophic, and the global effect of natural calamities like tornados is enormous and needs prompt and effective management. We can tackle this problem by using measures like multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) to identify high-risk areas of a potential tornado strike. We frequently use MCDM techniques to solve the complexities and uncertainties of modern-era problems. We present a study that builds a prediction model by combining the Dombi aggregation operator with a complex <em>m</em>-polar fuzzy set (CmFS) to accurately guess when a tornado will hit. Our proposed model determines an expert panel, criteria, and a set of alternatives after identifying the problem. We create summed-up decision matrices using complex m-polar fuzzy Dombi aggregation operators (CmFDAO) after experts evaluate criteria and options. The algorithm then presents the best option with the help of a final decision score matrix. Our model uses a set of eight meteorological elements and eight experts to assess four possible tornado locations and pinpoint an area with a high risk of tornado strikes. The results generated by our aggregation operator set demonstrate that our proposed method for handling complex and multi-polar data is concise and efficient when compared to other sets. This early prediction highlights the potential of significant risk reduction to the environment and human life due to catastrophic events like tornados by enhancing early warning systems and effective emergency management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 8","pages":"Article 103467"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-generation ECC processor on FPGA: Leveraging Koblitz curves for enhanced performance","authors":"Tung Nguyen ,&nbsp;Khai Nguyen ,&nbsp;Vy Nguyen ,&nbsp;Hung Nguyen ,&nbsp;Linh Tran","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a hardware design of an Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) processor optimized for Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), focusing on the Koblitz curve Secp256k1. We introduce a novel, constant-time ECC processor design that efficiently performs Elliptic Curve Point Multiplications (ECPM). The design features an optimized Arithmetic Unit and a dual parallel-structured instruction set architecture that reduces computation time and minimizes hardware resource demands by utilizing Brent-Kung adders. Implemented on the Xilinx FPGA Kintex-7 for the Secp256k1 curve, the architecture operates at 202.3 MHz, utilizing 16.2k slices and 54 DSP blocks. This work aims to enhance ECC processors' performance and resource efficiency while preserving flexibility for secure digital applications in environments with limited computing resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 9","pages":"Article 103495"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-sinusoidal behaviors in thermosolutal vibrational flow through an anisotropic medium with NEPCM in an irregular domain containing an inner isothermal chain","authors":"Sameh E. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Mohammed Z. Alqarni ,&nbsp;Sumayyah Alabdulhadi","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates flow, heat, and mass transfer in an irregular domain containing an isothermal chain filled with an anisotropic porous medium, including nano-encapsulated phase change materials (NEPCMs). The periodic forces in the flow region arise from the sinusoidal structures of the right boundary, the sinusoidal temperature and concentration distributions along the left boundary, and the sinusoidal geometry of the embedded chain. Two heating modes are considered to provide a comprehensive analysis: (1) outer heating, where the embedded chain remains cold, and (2) inner heating, where the chain is exposed to higher temperature distributions. Vibrational flow occurs within an anisotropic porous medium, and the local thermal non-equilibrium model (LTNEM) is applied. This irregular domain is analyzed using a novel Point-in-Polygon Boundary Identification technique in conjunction with the Finite Volume Method. The results show that anisotropic permeability significantly influences flow behavior, causing the fluid to preferentially follow the left diagonal direction, where permeability is highest. This results in elongated or skewed streamlines, deviating from symmetric flow patterns. Additionally, as vibration frequency increases, fluid inertia becomes more dominant relative to viscous forces, resulting in more vigorous oscillatory motion, increased flow pulsations, and rapid variations in velocity profiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 8","pages":"Article 103491"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced image encryption scheme based on generalized triangle group and neural networks","authors":"Aqsa Zafar Abbasi ,&nbsp;Ayesha Rafiq ,&nbsp;Badr M. Alshammari ,&nbsp;Ines Hilali Jaghdam","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work introduces a hybrid image encryption scheme that combines algebraic cryptography and deep learning to improve security and flexibility. The goal is to build a safe and effective image encryption algorithm based on parametrization of Generalized Triangle Groups (GTGs) to create powerful S-Boxes, with the integration of neural networks to add learning-based transformations. The performance is tested through statistical, differential, and structural analysis. The experimental outcomes verify robust cryptographic characteristics, such as a nonlinearity-112, avalanche effect-54.68%, and NPCR-99.36% and UACI-33.41% against differential attacks. In comparison with purely algebraic schemes, the hybrid model provides slightly weaker bit-level diffusion but enhanced pixel-level randomness and adaptability. The originality of this work is in the combination of GTG-based algebraic structures with deep learning models—a field not well researched in previous encryption studies. This combination yields a versatile and secure encryption system that adds new knowledge to hybrid cryptosystem design for image protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 8","pages":"Article 103488"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optional and mandatory assignment strategies for dynamic vehicle routing with time windows","authors":"Mustafa Demirbilek","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem (DVRP) extends the classical Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) by incorporating real-time updates, requiring continuous adjustments to routing plans. This study introduces two novel solution strategies for the DVRP with Hard Time Windows: Multi-Planning with Acception/Rejection Policy (MPA) and Multi-Planning with Mandatory Assignment Policy (MPM). Both approaches consider previously assigned, new, and simulated future customer requests, enabling more informed decision-making under dynamic conditions. In MPA, customer requests can be rejected if future requests are expected to be more advantageous, whereas MPM mandates accepting requests provided vehicle capacity is sufficient. After optimizing the methods through sensitivity analyses, we evaluated their performance against Clarke and Wright's Savings Algorithm (CW) across various real-world-inspired scenarios, including different time window lengths, interarrival times, and region types. Results show that MPA outperforms under tighter time windows and high-demand settings, while MPM demonstrates robust performance across broader conditions. The proposed methods increase the average acceptance rate by up to 81% and reduce average daily travel times by up to 48% compared to CW. Even when all methods achieve a 100% acceptance rate, MPA and MPM reduce travel times by 13% to 43%. Additionally, execution time analysis shows that shorter interarrival times and higher available vehicles significantly increase computational effort, with execution times rising up to ninefold. In contrast, variations in time window constraints have a more moderate impact, typically increasing execution times by 10% to 60%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"16 9","pages":"Article 103462"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}