Synergistic control mechanism and engineering practice of full-profile support in karst roadways under dual-wing mining disturbance

Abstract

With increasing mining depth and complex methods, roadways face severe geological challenges like intense deformation and soft rock layers. Support becomes especially difficult in karst regions, which feature fractures and cavities. This study analyzes mining methods, rock behavior, simulations, and field data to identify deformation causes, proving that combined high stress, gas, temperature, and mining disturbances compromise traditional support safety. Alternatively, an innovative full-profile spatial reinforcement technology is proposed, which effectively stabilizes weak, deformable roadways, enhancing long-term performance. The proposed integration of active and passive supports realized in the case study of Songhe Dongyi Mine, Guizhou, China, increased resistance, boosted rock self-bearing capacity, reduced deformation by 38.5 % and stress concentration factor more than twice (from 2.8 to 1.3), controlled floor heave (<50 mm), and improved operation safety. The integrated approach was very effective in geologically complex mining environments, providing theoretically substantiated innovations and practical applications for karst terrain engineering.