Biology-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Methanol-Free Production of Recombinant AppA Phytase in <i>Komagataella phaffii</i>: Evaluation of Cultivation Conditions, Bioreactor Cultivation, and Biochemical Characterization.","authors":"Magzhan Astrakhanov, Viktoriya Popova, Kairat Baltin, Saveliy Kirillov, Bekbolat Khassenov, Saniya Aktayeva","doi":"10.3390/biology15191758","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytases are widely used as feed additives because they improve phosphorus utilization from plant-derived feed ingredients and reduce phosphorus excretion into the environment. Most recombinant AppA phytases produced in <i>Komagataella phaffii</i> have been obtained using methanol-inducible expression systems, whereas information on constitutive methanol-free production remains limited. In this study, <i>Escherichia coli</i> AppA phytase was expressed in <i>K. phaffii</i> under the control of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. Cultivation temperature and initial glucose concentration were evaluated in shake-flask cultures, while the selected conditions were assessed in a 2 L stirred-tank bioreactor. Extracellular phytase activity reached 114.17 ± 2.71 U/mL in shake flasks at 27 °C with 3% initial glucose. The <i>K. phaffii</i>-produced enzyme was N-glycosylated, with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 54 kDa compared with approximately 45 kDa after deglycosylation. Compared with purified rAppA-E, the rAppA-P preparation showed a lower temperature optimum, a narrower pH-activity profile, and lower apparent thermostability. In a single bioreactor run, extracellular phytase activity reached 186.81 ± 0.25 U/mL, approximately 1.6-fold higher than the maximum mean shake-flask value. These findings demonstrate constitutive, methanol-free extracellular production of AppA in <i>K. phaffii</i> and support further development of controlled cultivation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13664581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Transcriptome and Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analyses Reveal a Shared Core Response and Quantitatively Divergent Regulatory Modules Between Drought-Tolerant and Drought-Sensitive Foxtail Millet.","authors":"Hong-Jin Wang, Yun Zhao, Zaituniguli Kuerban, Hui Wang, Xiangwei Hu, Guojun Feng","doi":"10.3390/biology15191757","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought limits the stability of foxtail millet production and the efficient use of germplasm resources, yet whether drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive accessions engage fundamentally distinct pathways or a shared, quantitatively reprogrammed network remains unclear. We generated 36 leaf transcriptomes from three drought-sensitive (DSEN) and three drought-tolerant (DTOL) accessions under well-watered (WW) and drought-stress (DS) conditions, retaining 25,099 genes for downstream analyses. Principal component analysis confirmed water treatment as the primary driver of global expression variation. DS-versus-WW comparisons identified 10,635 and 6215 drought-responsive DEGs in the DSEN and DTOL groups, respectively, with 5195 shared and a genome-wide response correlation of 0.791. Crucially, accession-level tests revealed no significant DEGs between groups under WW, only 22 under DS, and none for the group × drought-response interaction, underscoring the absence of qualitative pathway shifts. Functional enrichment analyses jointly indicated suppression of photosynthesis and translation, accompanied by reprogramming of carbohydrate metabolism, membrane lipid remodeling, phenylpropanoid and secondary metabolism, protein homeostasis, and stress signaling. WGCNA partitioned 10,000 highly variable genes into 16 modules. The blue module, which showed the strongest drought response in DSEN, was enriched for cell-wall and carbohydrate metabolism, membrane lipid processes, and stress-protection pathways, whereas the brown module, which responded most robustly in DTOL, was enriched for calcium signaling, protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, transcriptional regulation, proline biosynthesis, and dehydration protection. The yellow and cyan modules exhibited the largest between-group effect sizes under drought but failed multiple-testing correction, remaining candidate networks. Collectively, our results support a model of shared core response with divergent regulatory intensity, where sensitive accessions undergo broader transcriptional perturbation, while tolerant ones deploy more concentrated and coordinated modules. This study provides modular targets for drought-tolerance breeding and highlights the necessity of accession-level replication and conservative statistical inference in comparative transcriptomics.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13664317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Pattern Analysis of the Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL) Gene Family in Wheat Under Stripe Rust.","authors":"Niannian Yan, Shuangqing He, Dongqing Ding, Qingyu Zhang, Qi Liu","doi":"10.3390/biology15191745","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) has been identified as the key rate-limiting enzyme of the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway, which affects the synthesis of plant secondary metabolites and stress responses. To investigate the composition and function of the PAL gene family in wheat against wheat stripe rust, 54 <i>TaPAL</i> gene family members were identified based on the wheat IWGSC RefSeq v2.1 genome data. Phylogenetic analysis of PAL proteins from wheat, maize, rice, tobacco, and Arabidopsis indicated that wheat PAL genes are more closely related to those of maize and rice. Promoter analysis revealed that these genes contain multiple hormone- and stress-responsive cis-acting elements. To investigate the expression characteristics of the <i>TaPAL</i> family under diverse stress conditions, qRT-PCR was conducted to analyze the transcriptional responses of 24 members distributed across different chromosomes to <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> (<i>Pst</i>) infection. Under <i>Pst</i> infection, relatively low basal expression was maintained by most <i>TaPAL</i> genes during early stages, whereas most <i>TaPAL</i> genes were significantly induced at 120 hpi. High expression levels were sustained by most genes at 240 hpi, and decreases were observed at 360 hpi. Four genes selected based on our laboratory's previous transcriptome data were used for expression analysis under exogenous hormone treatments and abiotic stresses. Diverse expression patterns were exhibited by the <i>TaPAL</i> genes under hormone treatments and abiotic stresses, indicating possible regulatory differentiation among family members. The results provide candidate genes for further functional studies of the wheat PAL gene family in stress responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational Design and Delivery of Engineered Peptides: Toward a Unified Framework for Structure, Screening, and Application.","authors":"Qijun Xie, Haiying Ma, Biao Liu, Li Yu, Yang Fang, Lili Liu, Mingli Yan","doi":"10.3390/biology15191754","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review presents a three-tiered engineering framework that systematically addresses these barriers. First, we survey chemical and sequence-based stabilization strategies, including lipidation, backbone N-methylation, and cyclization, that convert labile natural peptides into protease-resistant scaffolds. Second, moving beyond generic stabilization, we dissect the rational design of effector-inhibitory peptides, with particular emphasis on disulfide bond topology engineering as a powerful means to lock binding-competent conformations, alongside structure-guided interface optimization. Third, recognizing that purely rational design often fails to correctly fold complex topologies, we discuss complementary structure-constrained screening platforms (phage display, yeast display, and in silico docking) that exploit sequence-conformation coupling to enrich functional structures from vast libraries. Critically, we argue that these molecular-level designs can only achieve in vivo efficacy when co-integrated with delivery systems, including lipidic, polymeric, and viral carriers, which together determine bioavailability, targeting, and controlled release. By weaving these layers into a unified framework, we highlight a paradigm shift from sequential optimization toward context-aware co-design, where peptide rigidity, flexibility, affinity, and carrier compatibility are balanced against specific therapeutic or industrial contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the Potential Suitable Distribution of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus in China Using a BIOMOD2 Ensemble Model.","authors":"Linfei Shou, Yuxi Wang, Yaqian Shang, Jiaqi Lu, Min Liu, Shuxing Zhou, Jianzhong Li, Jinming Zhang","doi":"10.3390/biology15191743","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging tobamovirus that threatens tomato production and seedling trade. We used a BIOMOD2 ensemble to model present and future environmental suitability in China from 35 screened occurrence records, climatic predictors, and agricultural context data. Climate projections were based on BCC-CSM2-MR under SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585 for the 2050s and 2090s. The ensemble achieved calibration TSS = 0.831 and AUC/ROC = 0.958. Spatial-block evaluation was lower and more variable, so the calibration metrics do not demonstrate equally strong geographic transferability. Bio6 and bio15 were the leading predictors, followed by bio5 and bio13. At the primary AUCroc threshold of 0.441, the current suitable area was 44.35 × 10⁴ km² (approximately 4.62% of China's land area), concentrated in warm, humid eastern and southern regions. Future estimates depend on the selected GCM and binary threshold. The maps identify environmental suitability and monitoring priorities rather than epidemic probability.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofluid Proteomic Biomarker Discovery in a Large Animal Model of CLN2 Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis.","authors":"Brandie R Morgan-Jack, Grace R Kick, Zhen Lyu, Trupti Joshi, Brian Mooney, Joan R Coates, Juri Ota-Kuroki, Martin L Katz, Rebecca E H Whiting","doi":"10.3390/biology15191761","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CLN2 disease is a fatal lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1), resulting in progressive neurodegeneration and non-neuronal pathology. While enzyme replacement therapy has improved disease management, there remains a critical need for objective molecular biomarkers capable of monitoring disease progression and therapeutic response. The purpose of this study was to utilize a canine model of CLN2 disease to investigate proteomic changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in minimally invasive biofluids tears and plasma to identify candidate disease biomarkers. Untargeted proteomic analysis was conducted using these biofluids from unaffected controls and CLN2-affected dogs at presymptomatic, symptomatic, and advanced disease stages. CSF demonstrated the greatest degree of proteomic alterations over the disease progression. Proteins associated with cytoskeletal organization, synaptic signaling, lysosomal biology, mitochondrial metabolism, lipid homeostasis, and inflammatory responses were significantly altered. Tear fluid demonstrated overlapping biological themes with CSF, particularly involving mitochondrial metabolism, lysosomal function, and lipid-associated pathways. In contrast, plasma proteomic alterations were comparatively modest but supported systemic changes associated with extracellular signaling, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. Collectively, these findings demonstrate progressive and coordinated proteomic alterations across multiple biofluids in CLN2 disease that can serve as candidate biomarkers of disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Ferroptosis in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Therapeutic Potential and Mechanistic Insights of Traditional Chinese Medicine.","authors":"Pan Li, Zi-Meng Qi, Jing-Zhen Wu, Jia Liu, Peng Yu","doi":"10.3390/biology15191760","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, are characterized by progressive and irreversible neuronal loss, whereas current treatments remain largely symptomatic. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death whose execution is defined by iron-enabled phospholipid peroxidation and failure of cellular ferroptosis-defense systems. Mitochondrial metabolism can modify ferroptosis susceptibility, but its contribution varies with cell type and initiating stimulus. Converging evidence implicates ferroptosis in multiple NDs, in which affected regions commonly show iron accumulation, glutathione depletion, and increased lipid peroxidation. With their multi-component and multi-target properties, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interventions may modulate several nodes in this network. This review summarizes the core execution and defense mechanisms of ferroptosis, evaluates their roles in major NDs, and critically appraises bioactive herbal compounds, compound formulas, acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and moxibustion. The reported interventions mainly engage the Nrf2/GPX4 antioxidant axis, TFR1/FPN1/FTH1/NCOA4-mediated iron handling, ACSL4-dependent lipid peroxidation, and GPX4-independent defense systems. Because most studies are preclinical and many infer ferroptosis from non-specific markers, the evidence is graded here as direct, supportive, indirect, mixed, or complementary. Translation will require standardized formulations, causal ferroptosis validation, pharmacokinetic and brain-exposure data, validated human biomarkers, and rigorously designed clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13664129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Small Nuclear Ribosomal Subunit (18S rRNA) as a Potential Barcoding Gene for Amphipoda (Malacostraca: Peracarida) Along with the Design of a Unique Primer Set to Target the Amphipod 18S rRNA Gene.","authors":"Thomas R Sawicki, Andrew G Cannizzaro, Joshua M Sisco","doi":"10.3390/biology15191752","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene is frequently used as a barcoding gene for the identification of numerous taxa, including crustaceans such as amphipods. The gene's variability, which makes it useful for barcoding, can also create primer annealing issues that can inhibit amplification and sequencing, and nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA (NUMTs) can sometimes preferentially amplify over the mitochondrial COI target locus. The small nuclear ribosomal gene (18S rRNA) can overcome issues of amplification and sequencing as primers can be designed to target highly conserved regions, making it useful across a wide variety of taxa. Due to its conserved nature, the 18S rRNA gene has not been considered a strong candidate for barcoding. Peracarid crustaceans have an insertion within the V4 hypervariable region, and amphipods are unique amongst the peracarids with an additional insertion in the V5 hypervariable region, which could make this part of the gene large and variable enough to target for barcoding. Herein, we present three primer sets designed for Amphipoda that amplify the majority of the 18S rRNA gene, including one pair (18S450F-18S1500R) that captures the V4/V5 hypervariable regions. Analyses utilizing tree-building algorithms and two species delimitation models demonstrate the potential utility of the gene region amplified by the 18S450F-18S1500R primers for barcoding. The utility of this gene for barcoding will depend on researchers incorporating this locus into future species descriptions and phylogenetic studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13664141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Target Arthropod Community Variation Associated with Abamectin Trunk-Injection History in a <i>Pinus massoniana</i> Plantation.","authors":"Xianheng Ouyang, Jinping Tian, Zhikuan Cao, Qiaoyun Sun","doi":"10.3390/biology15191744","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abamectin trunk injection is used to control pine wilt disease, but field evidence linking injection history to non-target arthropod communities is limited. We compared uninjected plots with plots injected once in March 2024 (ATI1) or March 2022 (ATI3) in a <i>Pinus massoniana</i> plantation in the Qinling-Daba Mountains. Three plots per history were sampled in July, September, and November 2025. Morphological identification and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I metabarcoding characterized soil-associated arthropods and aboveground Hymenoptera; feeding guilds were assigned at the family level. Litter residues and soil properties were measured. Overall Shannon diversity did not differ significantly among histories in either assemblage. Overall composition differed significantly for soil-associated arthropods but not Hymenoptera. Compositional differences occurred among soil detritivores, herbivores, and microbivores and among hymenopteran parasitoids, predators, and pollinators. Hymenopteran herbivore and pollinator diversity was higher in ATI1 and ATI3, respectively, whereas no soil feeding guild showed significant diversity differences. Residues were detected in both injected groups and were higher in ATI1. Redundancy analysis suggested directional associations with residues or soil properties, but these were descriptive rather than evidence of significant correlations. Injection-history associations were taxon- and metric-specific, supporting integrated diversity, composition, and feeding-guild assessments in non-target monitoring and risk evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Analysis of the <i>RAV</i> Gene Family and Its Expression Patterns Under PEG-Simulated Drought Stress in <i>Avena sativa</i>.","authors":"Shirui Xu, Mingchuan Ma, Zhang Liu, Lijun Zhang, Longlong Liu","doi":"10.3390/biology15191749","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The RAV transcription factors play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, the <i>RAV</i> gene family has not been systematically characterized in oat. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification and characterization of the <i>RAV</i> gene family in oat and investigated their expression patterns under PEG-simulated drought stress. A total of 12 <i>AsRAV</i> genes were identified in oat, which were distributed across six chromosomes. The <i>AsRAV</i> genes were classified into four groups, with members within the same group sharing similar conserved motifs. Promoter <i>cis</i>-element analysis identified various stress- and hormone-related elements. Synteny analyses suggested that both tandem and segmental duplication events played important roles in the expansion of the <i>AsRAV</i> gene family. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR analyses showed that nine <i>AsRAV</i> genes were significantly up-regulated under PEG-simulated drought stress, with <i>AsRAV1</i> showing the highest expression level. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that AsRAV1 is localized to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Collectively, our findings provide a comprehensive characterization of the <i>AsRAV</i> genes and lay a foundation for further functional studies on the drought stress response in oat.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}