Biology-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Biooxidation of Arsenopyrite by <i>Acidithiobacillus ferriphilus</i> QBS 3 Exhibits Arsenic Resistance Under Extremely Acidic Bioleaching Conditions.","authors":"Run Liu, Siyu Liu, Xiaoxuan Bai, Shiping Liu, Yuandong Liu","doi":"10.3390/biology14050550","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14050550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As arsenopyrite is a typical arsenic-bearing sulfide ore, the biooxidation process of arsenopyrite is of great significance for the extraction of gold from arsenic-bearing gold ores and the generation of arsenic-bearing acid mine drainage. During the biooxidation of arsenopyrite, a large amount of arsenic is produced, which inhibits the growth and metabolism of microorganisms and thus affects the extraction of gold from arsenic-bearing gold ores. Therefore, the screening and enrichment of microorganisms with high arsenic resistance have become important aspects in the study of arsenopyrite biooxidation. As described in this paper, through arsenic acclimation, the maximum arsenic tolerance concentration of <i>Acidithiobacillus ferriphilus</i> QBS 3 isolated from arsenic-containing acid mine drainage was increased to 80 mM As(Ⅲ) and 100 mM As(V). Microorganisms with high arsenic resistance showed better bioleaching performance for arsenopyrite. After 18 days of bioleaching, the leaching rate of arsenopyrite reached 100% at a pulp concentration of 0.5%, and after 30 days of bioleaching, the leaching rate of arsenopyrite was 79.96% at a pulp concentration of 1%. Currently, research on arsenopyrite mainly focuses on the control and optimization of environmental conditions, but there have been few studies on the biooxidation process of arsenopyrite at the protein and gene levels. Therefore, combining the results of a one-month bioleaching experiment on arsenopyrite by <i>A. ferriphilus</i> QBS 3 and the analysis of arsenic resistance genes, a bioleaching model of arsenopyrite was constructed, which laid an experimental basis and theoretical foundation for improving the gold recovery rate from refractory arsenic-bearing ores and exploring the arsenic resistance mechanism of microorganisms during the arsenopyrite leaching process.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and Valorization of Ecological Risk Mitigation Through the Use of Sustainable Marine Resources in Ulva, a Marine Ecological Disturbance Species.","authors":"In-Yung Sunwoo, Yong-Kyung Ryu, Chul-Hong Oh, Woon-Yong Choi","doi":"10.3390/biology14050551","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14050551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Massive blooms of <i>Ulva</i> species, commonly known as green tides, pose serious ecological threats by disrupting coastal ecosystems and requiring costly removal efforts. This study presents a nature-based solution by seasonally valorizing <i>Ulva ohnoi</i>, a bloom-forming macroalga dominant in Jeju Island, South Korea. Biomass was collected across all four seasons and subjected to phylogenetic identification, biochemical characterization, and bioresource processing. Despite environmental fluctuations, tufA-based analysis confirmed <i>U. ohnoi</i> as the sole species present year-round. Carbohydrate content peaked in spring (55.35%) and was lowest in summer (45.74%), corresponding to maximum reducing sugar of 36.49 g/L in winter and 36.24 g/L in spring following acid-enzymatic hydrolysis. The maximum ethanol fermentation using <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> produced up to 17.12 g/L ethanol in spring with a yield of 0.47 g/g. Post-fermentation residues were enzymatically hydrolyzed into Ulva Ethanol Residue Medium (UERM), which supported yeast growth and fermentation comparable to commercial YPD medium, achieving final optical densities of 8.3-8.5 and ethanol production of 16.5-16.8 g/L. Alanine, valine, and proline were the most abundant amino acids in UERM, supporting its suitability as a nitrogen source. These findings highlight the potential of integrating green tide mitigation with renewable energy and nutrient recycling through seasonal, localized biorefineries aligned with circular marine bioeconomy principles.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biology-Informed Matrix Factorization: An AI-Driven Framework for Enhanced Drug Repositioning.","authors":"Yangyang Wang, Yaping Wang, Ya Hu, Jihan Wang","doi":"10.3390/biology14050549","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14050549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and intelligent computing have significantly accelerated drug discovery by enabling accurate modeling of complex biomedical relationships. Among these efforts, drug repositioning-identifying novel therapeutic uses for approved or investigational drugs-offers a cost-effective and time-efficient alternative to de novo drug development. While non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) has been widely adopted for uncovering latent drug-disease associations, conventional implementations often neglect the biological context that underpins these relationships. In this work, we propose a novel NMF-based drug repositioning model that incorporates biological context (NMFIBC), which integrates drug and disease similarity networks through graph-regularized optimization to enhance predictive performance. This design enhances both the robustness and interpretability of association prediction. Extensive benchmarking on multiple gold-standard datasets demonstrates that NMFIBC outperforms existing methods across a range of metrics, including AUC, precision, and F1-score. Moreover, case studies involving clinically relevant drugs validate the biological plausibility of the predicted associations using public databases such as DrugBank, CTD, and KEGG. The proposed framework provides a powerful, context-aware AI strategy for discovering actionable insights in drug repositioning research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secreted Expression of Thymosin β4 from <i>Pinctada fucata</i> in <i>Pichia pastoris</i> and Its Biological Activity.","authors":"Peng Liu, Xiaojian Mo, Jianbing Liu, Wenyue Li, Jiaxing Tang, Qiting Li, Jiang Lin","doi":"10.3390/biology14050553","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14050553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to achieve the high secretion and expression of thymosin β4 derived from <i>Pinctada fucata</i> in <i>Pichia pastoris</i>, as well as to investigate its antibacterial properties and biological effects in promoting wound healing. The recombinant thymosin β4 protein (rTβ4) exhibited no hemolytic activity on rabbit red blood cells and demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA), with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 μg/mL. It effectively inhibited bacterial growth and disrupted the cell wall and membrane structure of the bacteria. In the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat wound healing model, the wound healing rate in the rTβ4 treatment groups (at concentrations of 12.5 and 25 μg/mL) was significantly higher than that in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the healing effect was comparable to that of the positive control group (Kangfu Xin solution, KFX). The histopathological study demonstrated that rTβ4 could reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells and promote the proliferation and re-epithelialization of granulation tissue. In conclusion, this study successfully achieved the high expression of thymosin β4 derived from <i>Pinctada fucata</i> in <i>Pichia pastoris</i> and validated its antibacterial and wound healing potential through both In vitro and In vivo experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the Economic Loss Model of Invasive Alien Species Based on Multidimensional Data Spatialization-A Case Study of Economic Losses Caused by <i>Hyphantria cunea</i> in Jiangsu Province.","authors":"Cheng Li, Yongbin Zhou, Cong Wang, Xubin Pan, Ying Wang, Xiaofeng Qi, Fanghao Wan","doi":"10.3390/biology14050552","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14050552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IAS imposes significant impacts on native ecosystems and economies. Current assessment methods for economic losses predominantly rely on habitat suitability estimation and database extrapolation, often lacking integration of causal inference and dynamic spatial drivers. <i>H. cunea</i>, a pervasive invasive pest in Jiangsu Province, China, exemplifies this challenge through its rapid spread and multi-sector economic impacts. To address these limitations, we innovatively integrated three models: (1) Difference-in-Differences (DID) quantified causal economic impacts through spatiotemporal comparison of infested/non-infested areas; (2) GeoDetector identified key spatial drivers via stratified heterogeneity analysis; (3) MaxEnt projected ecological suitability under climate scenarios. The synergy enabled dynamic loss attribution: GeoDetector optimized DID's variable selection, while MaxEnt constrained loss extrapolation to ecologically plausible zones, achieving multi-scale causal-spatial-climate integration absent in conventional approaches. In Jiangsu Province, <i>H. cunea</i> caused CNY 89.2 million in primary sector losses in 2022, with forestry disproportionately impacted, accounting for 58.3% of the total losses. The DID model revealed nonlinear temporal impacts indicating a loss of 0.163 forestry per 30 m² grid, while MaxEnt projected 22% habitat contraction under the SSP5-8.5 scenario by 2060, which corresponds to climate-adjusted losses of CNY 147 million. Spatial prioritization identified northern Jiangsu (e.g., Xuzhou, Lianyungang) as high-risk zones requiring immediate intervention. The framework enables spatially explicit prioritization of containment efforts-grids identified as high-risk necessitate a tripling of funding in comparison to low-risk areas. And SSP-specific loss projections support dynamic budget planning under climate uncertainty. By integrating causal attribution, ecological realism, and climate resilience, this model transforms IAS management from reactive firefighting to proactive, data-driven governance. It provides a replicable toolkit for balancing ecological preservation and economic stability in the Anthropocene.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bolstering CD8⁺ T Cells' Antitumor Immunity: A Promising Strategy to Improve the Response to Advanced Prostate Cancer Treatment.","authors":"Beijing Dang, Lixin Liang, Zhijun Li, Junli Luo, Shangwei Zhong","doi":"10.3390/biology14050544","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14050544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed and deadly cancers among men in the Western world. It is typically classified as an immune \"cold\" tumor due to its sparse immune cell presence and limited immunogenic response. Recent research has revealed the significant role of immune cells, especially CD8⁺ T cells, in both prostate cancer progression and treatment efficacy. This review integrates recent findings to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of CD8⁺ T cell dynamics in prostate cancer and discusses emerging strategies to improve treatment outcomes. The ongoing exploration of new molecular targets and the development of innovative immunotherapeutic approaches hold promise for more effective management of prostate cancer, particularly in the context of advanced and resistant forms of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ferroptosis: Therapeutic Potential and Strategies in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Ying Lei, Shuxia Jiang, Chengyu Kong, Ping Pang, Hongli Shan","doi":"10.3390/biology14050545","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14050545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common subtype of lung cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advancements in therapeutic strategies, the prognosis for NSCLC patients remains unfavorable. The effective treatment of NSCLC remains challenging due to its aggressive metastatic and invasive properties. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore novel treatment strategies. In recent years, different from apoptosis and necrosis, ferroptosis has garnered increasing attention since its initial identification in 2012. It is increasingly recognized as a key factor in the development and progression of various cancers. In this review, we summarize the distinctive morphological and biochemical characteristics of ferroptosis and its regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss the genetic regulation of ferroptosis in NSCLC, highlighting key biomarkers that may serve as potential therapeutic targets. We also evaluate emerging therapeutic strategies targeting ferroptosis, including gene therapy, natural compounds, chemical agents, combination therapies, and nanoparticle-based approaches. Based on current evidence, the limitations and future prospects of ferroptosis-based therapies for NSCLC are discussed. This review aims to provide novel insights into the potential of ferroptosis-based therapies for NSCLC and its implications for the development of novel treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Crop Nitrogen Efficiency: The Role of Mixed Nitrate and Ammonium Supply in Plant Growth and Development.","authors":"Zhiqi Yang, Huifeng Yan, Haiwei Liu, Lan Yang, Guohua Mi, Peng Wang","doi":"10.3390/biology14050546","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14050546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrogen fertilizers play a critical role in enhancing crop yields; however, excessive application has resulted in significant environmental challenges, including water contamination and increased greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, improving nitrogen use efficiency is essential for sustainable agriculture. This review based on a systematic search of Web of Science and CNKI for peer-reviewed studies on maize nitrogen efficiency published between 1945 and 2024 (excluding conference abstracts), this review presents the first multiscale synthesis demonstrating how balanced nitrate-ammonium nutrition coordinates N-C metabolism and phytohormone signaling to boost nitrogen use efficiency and stimulate maize growth, with supporting evidence from other crops. By integrating results from hydroponic and field experiments, the review evaluates the influence of mixed nitrogen sources on nitrogen uptake, root morphology, photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and hormone signaling. Findings indicate that optimal NO₃^-:NH_4⁺ ratios improve nitrogen absorption through enhanced root development and activation of specific nitrogen transporters. Additionally, mixed nitrogen nutrition increases photosynthetic efficiency, promotes carbon assimilation, reduces energy expenditure, and stimulates auxin-mediated growth. This review shows that balanced nitrate-ammonium co-application synergistically enhances crop nitrogen-use efficiency and yield, provides a theoretical basis for high-efficiency nitrogen-fertilizer development, and helps alleviate environmental pressures, advance sustainable agriculture, and secure food and ecosystem safety. Its efficacy, however, is modulated by soil type, climate, and genotypic variation, necessitating systematic validation and application optimization in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanobodies: From Discovery to AI-Driven Design.","authors":"Haoran Zhu, Yu Ding","doi":"10.3390/biology14050547","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14050547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanobodies, derived from naturally occurring heavy-chain antibodies in camelids (VHHs) and sharks (V_NARs), are unique single-domain antibodies that have garnered significant attention in therapeutic, diagnostic, and biotechnological applications due to their small size, stability, and high specificity. This review first traces the historical discovery of nanobodies, highlighting key milestones in their isolation, characterization, and therapeutic development. We then explore their structure-function relationship, emphasizing features like their single-domain architecture and long CDR3 loop that contribute to their binding versatility. Additionally, we examine the growing interest in multiepitope nanobodies, in which binding to different epitopes on the same antigen not only enhances neutralization and specificity but also allows these nanobodies to be used as controllable modules for precise antigen manipulation. This review also discusses the integration of AI in nanobody design and optimization, showcasing how machine learning and deep learning approaches are revolutionizing rational design, humanization, and affinity maturation processes. With continued advancements in structural biology and computational design, nanobodies are poised to play an increasingly vital role in addressing both existing and emerging biomedical challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Tumor Cell-Platelet Biochemical Interactions by Dielectric Measurements of Blood: A Potential Target for Tumor Detection and Staging.","authors":"Annamaria Russo, Ester Tellone, Francesco Farsaci","doi":"10.3390/biology14050542","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14050542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper aims to investigate the dielectric properties of blood for tumor detection and staging. The application of complex thermodynamic models and the study of the trend over time of some thermodynamic functions have allowed us to highlight the generation of displacement currents caused by changes in charge, i.e., by the activation and consequent accumulation of platelets on migrating tumor cells. Although few studies exist to date in this regard, the technique used has provided promising results, especially in terms of building a database. In this context, the evaluation of the dielectric parameters of healthy and cancerous blood can be exploited for the staging of cancer. The main advantages of this method include easy application, non-invasiveness, low cost, and online monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}