{"title":"Acephate Exposure Induces Transgenerational Ovarian Developmental Toxicity by Altering the Expression of Follicular Growth Markers in Female Rats.","authors":"Abeer Alhazmi, Saber Nahdi, Saleh Alwasel, Abdel Halim Harrath","doi":"10.3390/biology13121075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acephate is an organophosphate foliar and soil insecticide that is used worldwide. In this study, the transgenerational ovarian developmental toxicity caused by acephate, along with its in utero reprogramming mechanisms, were explored. Thirty female virgin Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to three groups: one control group and two acephate treatment groups. The treatment groups received daily low or high doses of acephate (34.2 mg/kg or 68.5 mg/kg body weight, respectively) from gestational day 6 until spontaneous labor, resulting in F1 offspring. At 28 days, a subgroup of F1 females were euthanized. The ovaries were extracted, thoroughly cleaned, and weighed before being fixed for further analysis. The remaining F1 females were mated with normal males to produce the F2 generation. The F1 female offspring presented reduced fertility and body weight, whereas the ovarian weight index and sex ratio increased in a dose-dependent manner. Structural analysis revealed altered follicular abnormalities with ovarian cells displaying pyknotic nuclei. Additionally, the gene and protein expression of <i>Cyp19</i> decreased, whereas that of <i>Gdf-9</i> increased in the high-dose treatment group (68.5 mg/kg). We also observed significantly increased expression levels of ovarian estrogen receptor 1 (<i>Esr1</i>) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (<i>Igf1</i>), whereas <i>Insl3</i> expression was significantly decreased. The F2 female offspring presented reproductive phenotype alterations similar to those of F1 females including decreased fertility, reduced <i>Cyp19</i> gene and protein expression, and structural ovarian abnormalities similar to those of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In conclusion, acephate induced ovarian developmental toxicity across two generations of rats, which may be linked to changes in the ovarian <i>Cyp19</i>, <i>Gdf9</i>, <i>Insl3</i>, and <i>Igf1</i> levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11673910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biology-BaselPub Date : 2024-12-20DOI: 10.3390/biology13121073
Enstela Vokshi, Martin Knaus, Steffen Rehbein
{"title":"A Rare Parasite in Cats: Record of a <i>Linguatula serrata</i> Frölich, 1789 (Porocephalida, Linguatulidae) Nymphal Infestation in a Cat in Albania, with a Synopsis and Review of the Literature on <i>L. serrata</i> Infestation in Cats.","authors":"Enstela Vokshi, Martin Knaus, Steffen Rehbein","doi":"10.3390/biology13121073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Linguatula serrata</i>, commonly known as the dogs' 'tongue-worm', is an arthropod endoparasite of the class Pentastomida infesting chiefly canids as definitive hosts and herbivores as intermediate hosts. Adult <i>L. serrata</i> usually reside in the upper respiratory tract, such as the nasal cavity and sinuses, and the larval stages are encapsulated in various visceral organs, respectively. This report presents the first case of a <i>L. serrata</i> nymphal pulmonary infestation in a cat from Albania and adds to the description of the overall rare cases of this parasitic infestation in domestic cats. Discussion of this case together with a comprehensive review of the literature allows us to conclude that cats are susceptible to the infestation with <i>L. serrata</i> when ingesting the parasite's eggs and allow for the development of the nymphal stage of the parasite in several visceral organs. Therefore, cats may serve as accidental intermediate hosts in the life cycle of <i>L. serrata</i> but are unlikely to be of epidemiological relevance. There is no evidence that domestic cats can act as definitive hosts of <i>L. serrata</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11673031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biology-BaselPub Date : 2024-12-20DOI: 10.3390/biology13121069
Kent Winata, Jonathan A Zhu, Katherine M Hanselman, Ethan Zerbe, Jensyn Langguth, Nadine Folino-Rorem, Paulyn Cartwright
{"title":"Life Cycle Transitions in the Freshwater Jellyfish <i>Craspedacusta sowerbii</i>.","authors":"Kent Winata, Jonathan A Zhu, Katherine M Hanselman, Ethan Zerbe, Jensyn Langguth, Nadine Folino-Rorem, Paulyn Cartwright","doi":"10.3390/biology13121069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Craspedacusta sowerbii</i> is an invasive hydrozoan found globally in freshwater habitats. <i>C. sowerbii</i> has a complex life cycle that includes benthic, pelagic, dispersal and dormant stages. The distribution of the medusa (jellyfish) stage has been well documented, but little is known about the other life cycle stages, which are suggested to be more widespread. In addition, the conditions required for growth, reproduction and dispersal of the different life cycle stages, as well as the environmental cues that regulate life cycle transitions, are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine laboratory conditions for growth of, and transition to, different life cycle stages in order to improve our ability to culture all life cycle stages of <i>C. sowerbii</i>. In addition, insight into the environmental triggers that promote life cycle transitions will enable us to better predict the potential negative effects <i>C. sowerbii</i> could impose on freshwater ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11673735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biology-BaselPub Date : 2024-12-20DOI: 10.3390/biology13121074
Mayara Lambert, Larissa de Castro Pedroso, Alex Aparecido Rosini Silva, Leonardo Henrique Dalcheco Messias, Andréia M Porcari, Patrícia de Oliveira Carvalho, Pedro Paulo Menezes Scariot, Ivan Gustavo Masselli Dos Reis
{"title":"Combined Association of Plasma Metabolites with Body Mass Index and Physical Activity Level.","authors":"Mayara Lambert, Larissa de Castro Pedroso, Alex Aparecido Rosini Silva, Leonardo Henrique Dalcheco Messias, Andréia M Porcari, Patrícia de Oliveira Carvalho, Pedro Paulo Menezes Scariot, Ivan Gustavo Masselli Dos Reis","doi":"10.3390/biology13121074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolomic analysis of the changes in plasma metabolites in obesity along with physical activity interaction may contribute to disease diagnosis and treatment. We sought to make a comprehensive assessment of the plasma metabolite profile of subjects with a lean (<i>n</i> = 20, BMI = 22.3) or overweight/obese (<i>n</i> = 29, BMI = 29) body mass index (BMI) and low (<i>n</i> = 33, IPAQ = 842) or high (<i>n</i> = 16, IPAQ = 6935) index of physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), using an untargeted metabolomic approach. Two-way analysis of variance was applied to the data obtained from liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses and resulted in 64 metabolites, mainly responsible for the data variance among the different groups. Finally, a complex network approach reveals the most relevant metabolites. The majority of the relevant metabolites are oxidized species of phospholipids. Most species of phosphatidylcholine and a species of phosphatidylglycerol were found to be decreased in obese subjects, while most species of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol were increased. Only a single species each of prostaglandin, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol were modulated by IPAQ, but interaction effects between BMI and IPAQ were found for most of the metabolites in the combination of obese BMI with low IPAQ.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11673513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biology-BaselPub Date : 2024-12-20DOI: 10.3390/biology13121072
Lei Yang, Richard L Mayden, Gavin J P Naylor
{"title":"Phylogeny and Polyploidy Evolution of the Suckers (Teleostei: Catostomidae).","authors":"Lei Yang, Richard L Mayden, Gavin J P Naylor","doi":"10.3390/biology13121072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fishes in the cypriniform family Catostomidae (suckers) are evolutionary tetraploids. The use of nuclear markers in the phylogenetic study of this important group has been greatly hindered by the challenge of identifying paralogous copies of genes. In the present study, we used two different methods to separate the gene copies of five single-copy nuclear genes (i.e., RAG1, EGR2B, EGR3, IRBP2, and RAG2). For each gene, all sequences of Copy I formed a clade that was sister to the clade formed by all sequences of Copy II in the phylogenetic trees. The maternal and paternal progenitor of the tetraploid ancestor of the Catostomidae could not be determined. We also constructed a mitochondrial tree to reflect the maternal relationships among major catostomid lineages. Our data appear to support a sister relationship between Catostominae and a monophyletic group composed of Myxocyprininae, Cycleptinae, and Ictiobinae. However, within Catostominae, there is significant conflict between mitochondrial and nuclear data regarding the relationships among Erimyzonini, Catostomini, and Moxostomatini/Thoburnini. Many indels, unexpected stop codons, and possible gene loss were identified in one gene copy of RAG1, RAG2, and IRBP2. We believe that additional nuclear genome data are needed to better resolve the phylogenetic relationships within the family Catostomidae.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11673241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of Liver-Targeting α<sub>V</sub>β<sub>5</sub><sup>+</sup> Exosomes as Anti-TGF-β Nanocarriers for the Treatment of the Pre-Metastatic Niche.","authors":"Paloma Acosta Montaño, Eréndira Olvera Félix, Veronica Castro Flores, Arturo Hernández García, Ruben D Cadena-Nava, Octavio Galindo Hernández, Patricia Juárez, Pierrick G J Fournier","doi":"10.3390/biology13121066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver metastases frequently occur in pancreatic and colorectal cancer. Their development is promoted by tumor-derived exosomes with the integrin α<sub>V</sub>β<sub>5</sub> on their membrane. This integrin directs exosomes to the liver, where they promote a TGF-β-dependent pre-metastatic niche. We proposed the development of α<sub>V</sub>β<sub>5</sub><sup>+</sup> exosomes to deliver anti-TGF-β therapy to the liver. This study demonstrates that the overexpression of α<sub>V</sub>β<sub>5</sub> in 293T cells allows its transfer to the secreted exosomes. α<sub>V</sub>β<sub>5</sub> overexpression increases exosome delivery to the liver, and α<sub>V</sub>β<sub>5</sub><sup>+</sup> exosomes accumulate more in the liver compared to the lungs, kidneys, and brain in mice. We then sought 293T cells to directly produce and load an anti-TGF-β agent in their exosomes. First, we transduced 293T cells to express shRNAs against <i>Tgfb1</i>; however, the exosomes isolated from these cells did not knock down <i>Tgfb1</i> in treated macrophages in vitro. However, when 293T expressed an mRNA coding a soluble form of betaglycan (sBG), a TGF-β inhibitor, this mRNA was detected in the isolated exosomes and the protein in the conditioned media of macrophages treated in vitro. In turn, this conditioned media decreased the TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 in hepatic cells in vitro. Our findings suggest that α<sub>V</sub>β<sub>5</sub><sup>+</sup> exosomes could serve as nanocarriers for liver-targeted anti-TGF-β therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11673512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biology-BaselPub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.3390/biology13121064
Yuqi Wu, Yue Yang, Run Huang, Tao Li, Chunlei Wan, Lei Zhang
{"title":"Effectiveness and Mechanism of Resibufogenin on Human Renal Cancer Cell Caki-1.","authors":"Yuqi Wu, Yue Yang, Run Huang, Tao Li, Chunlei Wan, Lei Zhang","doi":"10.3390/biology13121064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of Resibufogenin on renal cell carcinoma based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro experiments. The results showed that there were 35 cross-targets between Resibufogenin and renal cell carcinoma. GO and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that Resibufogenin inhibited renal cancer cells through the vascular smooth muscle contraction signalling pathway and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance signaling pathway, and MAPK1, PRKCB, and Resibufogenin had strong associative activities. After different concentrations of Resibufogenin were applied to human renal cancer cells, it was found that the IC50 value was 408.2 nM, 10 nM resibufogenin could significantly inhibit cell migration (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), the percentage of apoptosis and necrosis increased dose-dependently, and the expression of genes of MAPK1 and PRKCB in the cells was significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in a dose-dependent manner. The above results indicate that Resibufogenin can inhibit human renal cell carcinoma through multi-targets and multi-methods, which provides a theoretical basis for the application of Resibufogenin in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and the development of novel drugs in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11673963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biology-BaselPub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.3390/biology13121065
Ysaías J Alvarado, Lenin González-Paz, José L Paz, Marcos A Loroño-González, Julio Santiago Contreras, Carla Lossada, Alejandro Vivas, Yovani Marrero-Ponce, Felix Martinez-Rios, Patricia Rodriguez-Lugo, Yanpiero Balladores, Joan Vera-Villalobos
{"title":"Biological Implications of the Intrinsic Deformability of Human Acetylcholinesterase Induced by Diverse Compounds: A Computational Study.","authors":"Ysaías J Alvarado, Lenin González-Paz, José L Paz, Marcos A Loroño-González, Julio Santiago Contreras, Carla Lossada, Alejandro Vivas, Yovani Marrero-Ponce, Felix Martinez-Rios, Patricia Rodriguez-Lugo, Yanpiero Balladores, Joan Vera-Villalobos","doi":"10.3390/biology13121065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays a crucial role in the termination of nerve impulses by hydrolyzing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). The inhibition of AChE has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for the management of neurological disorders such as Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The potential of various compounds as AChE inhibitors was investigated. In this study, we evaluated the impact of natural compounds of interest on the intrinsic deformability of human AChE using computational biophysical analysis. Our approach incorporates classical dynamics, elastic networks (ENM and NMA), statistical potentials (CUPSAT and SWOTein), energy frustration (Frustratometer), and volumetric cavity analyses (MOLE and PockDrug). The results revealed that cyanidin induced significant changes in the flexibility and rigidity of AChE, especially in the distribution and volume of internal cavities, compared to model inhibitors such as TZ2PA6, and through a distinct biophysical-molecular mechanism from the other inhibitors considered. These findings suggest that cyanidin could offer potential mechanistic pathways for future research and applications in the development of new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11672903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biology-BaselPub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.3390/biology13121063
Yahao Zhao, Lu Zhang, Ruotong Hao, Shuang Li, Shufeng Li, Shuai Shi, Huili Tong, Bingchen Liu
{"title":"PEAR1 Promotes Myoblast Proliferation Through Notch Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Yahao Zhao, Lu Zhang, Ruotong Hao, Shuang Li, Shufeng Li, Shuai Shi, Huili Tong, Bingchen Liu","doi":"10.3390/biology13121063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PEAR1, also known as platelet endothelial aggregation receptor 1, is known to play a crucial role in the migration and differentiation of muscle satellite cells (MuSCs). However, its specific effects on skeletal muscle development and regeneration require further exploration. In this study, the expression of PEAR1; the proliferation marker proteins of Pax7, CCNB1, and PCNA; and the key molecules of N1-ICD, N2-ICD, and Hes1 were all increased gradually during the process of C2C12 cell proliferation. Furthermore, Western blotting and EdU results showed that when PEAR1 was over-expressed or inhibited, the proliferation status of C2C12 cell was increased or reduced respectively. This implied that PEAR1 could regulate myoblast proliferation and might be relate to Notch cell signaling pathway. A subsequent immunoprecipitation experiment result showed that the interaction between PEAR1 and Notch1 or Notch2, respectively. Then Western blotting and EdU results showed that the proliferation of C2C12 cell was inhibited under the treatment of Notch signaling pathway inhibitor RIN1. Meanwhile, the proliferation capacity of C2C12 cell could not be improved by treatment with RIN1 even though PEAR1 was over-expressed. These results showed that PEAR1 may regulated C2C12 cell proliferation though Notch signaling pathway. Additionally, a mouse model of muscle injury repair injected with bupivacaine hydrochloride was established in this study. Immunohistochemistry results exhibited that PEAR1 may regulate skeletal muscle post-injury regeneration relevant to Notch1 and Notch2 in different patterns. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential involvement of PEAR1 in skeletal muscle development and post-injury regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11673774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biology-BaselPub Date : 2024-12-18DOI: 10.3390/biology13121061
Rae-Ha Jang, Sunryoung Kim, Minhan Kim
{"title":"Identification of Environmental Factors Influencing the Population of Endangered <i>Epilobium hirsutum</i> L. in Korea.","authors":"Rae-Ha Jang, Sunryoung Kim, Minhan Kim","doi":"10.3390/biology13121061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Epilobium hirsutum</i> has been identified as a Class II endangered species in Korea. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop habitat conservation and improvement strategies for the protection of <i>E. hirsutum</i>. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the environmental characteristics of <i>E. hirsutum</i> habitats and identify key environmental factors influencing the population size. To this end, we conducted field surveys and performed a spatial data analysis to collect data on 38 environmental characteristics associated with the population size of <i>E. hirsutum</i>. We performed factor and path analyses to identify the environmental factors influencing the population size and the correlations between the population size and environmental factors. The common factors identified in both analyses were the average temperature in March, available P, soil pH, and soil humidity. Therefore, to manage <i>E. hirsutum</i> habitats or create alternative habitats, areas with a low air temperature and high soil moisture must be selected. It is necessary to remove tall plants and amend soils with alkaline fertilizers containing P. Additionally, it may be effective to implement a management strategy that induces vegetative propagation and seed germination by replacing agricultural waterways made of concrete with those made of rock and soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11672877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}