Biology-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Comprehensive Evaluation of Agromorphological Traits, Yield Potential, and Essential Oil Profiles in 160 Coriander (<i>Coriandrum sativum</i> L.) Genotypes.","authors":"Eray Meric, Gulsum Yaldiz, Mahmut Camlica","doi":"10.3390/biology15191787","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coriander has become increasingly significant from both economic and nutritional perspectives owing to the biologically active compounds obtained from its powdered fruits, dried extracts, herbal infusions, tinctures, and decoctions. To identify high-quality coriander (<i>Coriandrum sativum</i>) genotypes, 160 genetic materials were grown under the same environmental conditions and comprehensively analyzed in terms of numerous morphological, agronomic, essential oil, and essential oil component characteristics. The experiment was conducted during the spring-summer season of 2024 in Bolu province located in a transitional climate zone in western Türkiye. Significant phenotypic variation was observed among the genotypes, with fruit yields ranging from 0.05 to 4.98 g/plant. The GN-37, GN-103, and GN-33 genotypes showed the highest fruit yield values. Essential oil content varied between 0.02% and 2.25%, with the GN-154 and GN-88 genotypes exhibiting the highest oil yields. The most important essential oil components of coriander genotypes and cultivars were linalool, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, camphor, trans-geraniol, trans-geranyl acetate, 13-tetradecenal and <i>myristic</i> acid. Among these, linalool was detected in all genotypes, ranging from 0.52% to 48.90%, and the GN-114 and GN-73 genotypes revealed the highest linalool content. These findings demonstrate that the investigated coriander genotypes exhibit superior yield and quality attributes, highlighting their considerable potential for economically viable cultivation under appropriate growing conditions. The cluster and principal analyses showed important results among the coriander genotypes for the specific traits examined such as camphor, trans-geraniol and biological yield. The results obtained are expected to form the basis for identifying suitable parental materials and developing new varieties for future coriander breeding programs, particularly through the selection of genotypes with high yield and desired quality characteristics. This comprehensive field assessment contributes not only to determining phenotypic differences among genotypes but also to identifying valuable genetic resources that can be used for coriander improvement. In this respect, the study makes a significant contribution to the evaluation of genetic resources in coriander and, in particular, to identifying superior genotypes usable for breeding in terms of yield, essential oil, and essential oil components.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13664577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone Radiopharmaceuticals: Evolution from Palliative Therapy to Targeted Precision Oncology and Theranostics.","authors":"Andras Polyak, Christiane Matuschek","doi":"10.3390/biology15191784","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone radiopharmaceuticals have evolved from early palliative agents into integral components of targeted precision oncology and theranostics. This review comprehensively traces the historical trajectory, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical applications of bone-directed nuclear medicine. We contrast primary bone malignancies-which directly produce malignant osteoid matrix-with metastatic bone disease, which colonizes the endosteal niche via the RANK/RANKL/OPG axis and the metastatic vicious cycle. The molecular mechanisms governing skeletal radioisotope localization are systematically detailed, encompassing calcium mimetics (²²³Ra), inorganic phosphate integration (³²P), hydroxyapatite chemisorption (^99mTc-labeled diphosphonates), isomorphous surface exchange ([¹⁸F]NaF), and direct biomarker targeting. Furthermore, we highlight the therapeutic transition from medium-range beta-emitters to high-linear energy transfer (LET) targeted alpha therapy (²²⁵Ac), nanometer-scale Auger electron emitters, and cell-directed theranostic vectors. By unifying radiopharmaceutical chemistry, microdosimetry, and emerging artificial intelligence-driven personalized dosimetry, this review provides a strategic roadmap for advancing precision bone endoradiotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13664209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endpoint-Dependent Biochemical and Histopathological Effects of Orientin in a Short-Term 3-Nitropropionic Acid Mouse Model.","authors":"Abdulsamed Kükürt, Volkan Gelen, Lale Başer, Recai Aci, Murat Arı, Hilmi Nuhoğlu, Ayfer Yıldız Uysal, Ahmet Melik Acar, Halil Ayvazoğlu, Yeşim Can Polat, Serpil Dağ, Mahmut Karapehlivan","doi":"10.3390/biology15191776","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to describe the biochemical and histopathological changes associated with orientin co-administration in a short-term 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) mouse model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four adult female Swiss albino mice were allocated to Control, Orientin, 3-NPA, and 3-NPA + Orientin groups (<i>n</i> = 6). Mice received 3-NPA (12.5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) and/or orientin (20 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for seven days. After midsagittal division of the brain, GSH, MDA, SOD, GPx, and CAT were measured in a homogenate prepared from one hemisphere per animal; caspase-3, COX-2, iNOS, and MCP-1 were measured in plasma. The contralateral hemisphere was used for striatal histology and assessment of 8-OHdG, 4-HNE, and GFAP immunoreactivities; right-left allocation was balanced within each group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Factorial analysis identified endpoint-dependent 3-NPA and orientin effects. Relative to 3-NPA alone, co-treatment increased GSH, SOD, and CAT and reduced MDA, caspase-3, and MCP-1. GPx, COX-2, and iNOS did not differ significantly between the 3-NPA and combined-treatment groups. Histopathological injury appeared less extensive with co-treatment. Although 8-OHdG and 4-HNE staining was lower descriptively, the pairwise IRS comparisons between the 3-NPA and combined-treatment groups were not significant; GFAP did not differ among groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Orientin co-administration was associated with a partial, endpoint-dependent biochemical and histopathological profile. Because behavioral outcomes and direct pathway or target-intervention experiments were not performed, these findings do not establish functional neuroprotection or a specific molecular mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13664224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TLR Signaling Beyond Immunity: Emerging Roles in Cell Migration, Metabolism, Development, and Host-Microbiome Crosstalk.","authors":"Li Liu, Herman P Spaink","doi":"10.3390/biology15191778","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent findings support a broader view of TLR signaling as an integrative signaling hub that links immunity with cell migration, metabolism, development, and host-microbiome crosstalk. In cell migration, TLRs exert context-dependent effects through chemokine receptor regulation, adhesion and cytoskeletal modulation, and indirect cytokine-mediated signaling. In metabolism, TLRs orchestrate insulin resistance, obesity, and glucose homeostasis in a receptor- and tissue-specific manner. In tissue injury and development, TLR signaling exerts dual roles; it is detrimental in ischemia-reperfusion injury, but beneficial in vascular remodeling and neurogenesis. We then examine the bidirectional interplay between TLRs and the gut microbiome, where TLRs shape microbial community structure and intestinal immune homeostasis. Finally, we survey the therapeutic landscape of TLR modulators, highlighting that while TLR agonists are predominantly explored in oncology, TLR antagonists show promise in autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. Special attention is given to insights from organoid, rodent and zebrafish models, which have provided powerful in vitro and in vivo evidence for multiple roles of TLR signaling under both physiological and pathological conditions. A deeper understanding of these non-canonical functions will be essential for developing next-generation therapeutic strategies that selectively modulate TLR signaling in infectious, inflammatory, metabolic, and microbiome-associated diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Documented Case of Complete Leucism in the Long-Eared Owl (<i>Asio otus</i>) in Bulgaria.","authors":"Rusko Petrov, Simona Krasteva","doi":"10.3390/biology15191777","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leucism is a hereditary anomaly affecting the coloration of avian species. It is defined by partial or complete loss of plumage coloration. Unlike albinism, which results in ocular depigmentation, leucistic birds have normal iris color. Pigment abnormalities within wild bird populations are rare. In the order Strigiformes, such cases have mainly been recorded as individual reports. This research introduces the first documented case of complete leucism in the Long-eared owl (<i>Asio otus</i>) in Bulgaria. A retrospective analysis of clinical records from the Wildlife Rescue Center (\"Green Balkans\", Stara Zagora) between 1995 and 2026 revealed that, among 1098 admitted individuals, only one exhibited this phenotype. In February 2016, a leucistic individual with multiple fractures was admitted into the center. The bird displayed the hallmark phenotypic features of complete leucism. Following treatment and rehabilitation, the owl regained full flight capacity and was successfully released into the wild in June 2016. This case confirms the extreme rarity of leucism in the Long-eared owl and highlights the essential function of long-term rescue center databases in documenting rare morphological anomalies and advancing conservation research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13664618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and Characterization of a Spermatogonial Stem Cell-like Line with Potential for Meiotic Differentiation in the Endangered Fish <i>Rhinogobio nasutus</i>.","authors":"Yue Wang, Yanbin Liu, Muhammad Jawad, Haijing Xu, Qinjun Wu, Lang Gui, Ni Hong, Zongqiang Lian, Mingyou Li","doi":"10.3390/biology15191779","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Rhinogobio nasutus</i>, a freshwater fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, is primarily distributed in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River. However, overfishing and habitat degradation have resulted in a marked decline in its wild populations, and the species was listed as a Class II nationally protected aquatic wildlife species in China in 2021. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) provide a valuable resource for fish germplasm conservation and reproductive biotechnology. In this study, we successfully established a long-term cultured germ-cell population with spermatogonial stem cell-like characteristics derived from <i>R. nasutus</i> (RnSSCs). These cells exhibited a morphology consistent with an undifferentiated spermatogonial phenotype and showed a diploid chromosome number of 2<i>n</i> = 50. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining showed strong positive activity, while RT-PCR detected the expression of germ-cell- and stem-cell-associated markers, with only weak expression of the somatic-cell-associated marker. Immunofluorescence staining revealed strong signals for both proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the germ cell-specific protein Vasa. After more than four months of <i>in vitro</i> culture, the cells continued to proliferate and retained expression of germ-cell- and stem-cell-associated markers. Following transplantation into zebrafish blastulae, fluorescently labelled cells were detected in the gonadal region of a small number of recipient embryos. Following hormonal induction, some cells developed a sperm-like morphology, accompanied by the expression of the meiotic-associated markers <i>rec8</i> and <i>dmc1</i>. The establishment of the RnSSC line provides a renewable cellular resource for studying spermatogenesis and germ cell transplantation in <i>R. nasutus.</i> These findings provide a useful cellular resource for studying the reproductive biology of <i>R. nasutus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13664395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Red Blood Cell-Liver Axis: A New Framework for Iron Homeostasis and Liver Biology.","authors":"Sebastian Mueller","doi":"10.3390/biology15191773","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The liver is traditionally viewed as an organ of metabolism, bile formation, detoxification, and iron storage. Evidence shows that hepatic red blood cell (RBC) handling extends beyond macrophages to include uptake by hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, forming a multicellular clearance network. This article introduces the RBC-liver axis, through which the liver senses, processes, and responds to RBC-derived material. Daily RBC turnover generates the dominant flux of heme and iron, recycling 25 mg of iron per day, while hepatocytes couple heme-responsive NRF2 signaling to MRP2-mediated bilirubin excretion. Hepcidin emerges as an integrated output of RBC-derived heme and iron flux, inflammation, oxygen tension, redox status, and erythropoietic demand. Evidence supports a biphasic response in which moderate RBC-derived heme and iron flux stimulates hepcidin, whereas excessive hemolysis may dysregulate this response through ERFE-dependent and ERFE-independent mechanisms. Mechanistically, this model integrates BMP6-SMAD signaling with HO-1, KEAP1-NRF2, BACH1, and redox-sensitive H₂O₂-STAT3 signaling amplified by hypoxia. Alcohol-associated liver disease illustrates its clinical relevance by linking enhanced erythrocyte turnover to iron accumulation and mortality. Thus, the liver emerges as a central processor of RBC biology, whose metabolic, protein-producing, lipid-handling, detoxifying, and biliary functions may reflect an evolutionarily conserved blood-processing program.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13664511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced Detection of Human Orphan Gene Transcripts in Disease Tissue Relative to Expression- and Detection- Matched Controls.","authors":"Y-H Taguchi, Turki Turki","doi":"10.3390/biology15191775","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human orphan genes are poorly annotated and lowly expressed, which makes their behavior in disease difficult to establish. We analyzed paired normal and disease RNA-seq libraries from four cohorts, quantified against a combined reference in which 2190 of 198,507 transcripts are orphan. Cohorts were first screened for library-level differences between the two conditions, and one (GSE40419, lung adenocarcinoma) was excluded because sequencing depth, pseudoalignment rate, and submission provenance all differed by condition; it is retained throughout as a calibration. In the remaining three cohorts, comprising 151 matched pairs from psoriasis, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma, we measured the change in the fraction of transcripts with zero abundance, a quantity that does not depend on any transformation of expression. Orphan transcripts lose detection relative to non-orphan transcripts matched on abundance and on cross-patient detection frequency, by +0.0250±0.0178, +0.0553±0.0073, and +0.0659±0.0122 once the global shift in detection is held fixed. The three estimates are homogeneous (p=0.163) and pool to +0.0544±0.0059, whereas the same analysis applied to the excluded cohort returns thirteen times that value. We report the result at the level at which it is measured, and withdraw the patient-level and cohort-specific claims made in the first preprint version of this work.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13664223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> Mos Gene (<i>PcMos</i>): A Molecular Switch of Female Fecundity.","authors":"Haotian Gu, Haiyuan Teng, Tianshu Zhang, Yongda Yuan","doi":"10.3390/biology15191774","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The invasive <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> has emerged as a notorious pest that endangers aquatic crops, ecological services and functioning. Although well-documented as a mammalian oocyte maturation factor, the biological roles of Moloney sarcoma oncogene (<i>Mos</i>) in invertebrates, notably <i>P. canaliculata</i>, remain unfathomed. We integrated RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing alongside bioinformatic, molecular, biochemical and histological approaches to dissect fecundity-related functions and modulatory mechanisms of PcMos at the mRNA, protein and in silico levels. Characterized by the conserved protein kinase domain and motif, the PcMos protein sequence presented close phylogeny with its molluscan counterparts. Spatiotemporal expression profiling showed that mRNA and protein levels of PcMos were enriched in female adults and ovarian tissues. Efficient in vivo RNAi effects were induced as the transcription and translation of PcMos significantly declined by 78.2% and 79.0%, respectively, following a microinjection of 5 μg dsPcMos per female post 48 h. The downstream MAPK pathway, comprising MEK1, ERK1 and p90RSK1, was depressed when subjected to dsPcMos treatment, as reflected by pronounced decreases in mRNA and phosphorylated protein levels. Substantial diminution of E2/Pg/LH/FSH contents were noticed in the <i>PcMos</i>-RNAi group versus the dsEGFP group, suggesting fundamental implications of <i>PcMos</i> in endocrine regulation. In addition, the concurrent expression and high affinity between PcMos and VTG were visualized by the immunofluorescence and molecular docking, which may be associated with the diminished VTG content and expression upon <i>PcMos</i> silencing. Moreover, <i>PcMos</i> knockdown led to impaired ovarian development and reduced SP content, the number ofmature oocytes, egg production and egg-hatching rates. Taken together, our findings pointed to <i>PcMos</i> as a molecular switch pivotal for female fecundity, potentially acting through coordinated effects on MAPK signaling, endocrine hormone homeostasis and yolk deposition. This study may inspire the precision pest management and inform the design of RNAi-based sterility agents to suppress <i>P. canaliculata</i> populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13664547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticidal Efficacy of Silicon Dioxide as Grain Protectant and Surface Treatment Against Two Major Stored-Product Beetle Species.","authors":"Maria K Sakka, Eirini Karanastasi, Sofia Andreadaki, Georgia V Baliota, Marianna Rigopoulou, Paraskevi Agrafioti, Christos G Athanassiou, Christos I Rumbos","doi":"10.3390/biology15191772","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The insecticidal efficacy of a commercial silicon dioxide (SiO₂) formulation (ChinCheX^®) was evaluated as a grain protectant and surface treatment against adults of <i>Oryzaephilus surinamensis</i> (L.) and <i>Tribolium confusum</i> Jacquelin du Val. In grain-treatment bioassays, wheat and barley kernels were treated with 0, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 ppm of the SiO₂ formulation and adult mortality was assessed after 3, 7, 14 and 21 d of exposure. Mortality increased with both concentration and exposure interval. Complete mortality of <i>O. surinamensis</i> was achieved at all concentrations, including 100 ppm after 21 d, whereas <i>T. confusum</i> was less susceptible at the lowest concentration but reached complete mortality at concentrations of 200 ppm or higher. Progeny production of both species was almost completely suppressed in all treated groups. In surface-treatment bioassays on concrete and plastic surfaces, high mortality (>85%) was recorded within 3 d of exposure at all application rates, while complete mortality was generally achieved within 7 d regardless of surface type. Overall, the SiO₂ formulation tested exhibited strong insecticidal activity both as a grain protectant and as a surface treatment, indicating considerable potential for the management of storage beetles in stored-product protection programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13664389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}