Biology-Basel最新文献_第2页

Storytelling of Myocardial Biopsy.

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Biology-Basel Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.3390/biology14030306

Gaetano Thiene

{"title":"Storytelling of Myocardial Biopsy.","authors":"Gaetano Thiene","doi":"10.3390/biology14030306","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14030306","url":null,"abstract":"A biopsy involves the removal of a piece or an entire organ from a living patient. The former began with open heart surgery (surgical pathology) and the latter with the recipient heart in cardiac transplantation. Transvenous or transarterial catheterization is the current procedure to performed endomyocardial biopsy with bioptome from the ventricles. This manoeuvre was first carried out by Werner Forssmann through a urological catheter in 1929, which he introduced into his radial left vein until it reached the RV. Then, in London in 1974, Richardson invented a new technique with a catheter via the right femoral vein, which he applied with success in patients with multiple myocardial diseases, both inflammatory and non-inflammatory. Subsequently, a transjugular endomyocardial biopsy was accomplished by Margaret Billingham to monitor heart rejection during cardiac transplantation. In the beginning, only histology for a light microscope, and rarely during electron microscopy, was employed. With the advent of molecular techniques and the discovery of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), molecular investigation became part of the gold standard for diagnosis involving EMB: histology, immunohistochemistry and molecular investigation, the latter in search of a viral cause. Nowadays, EMB is frequently employed in infiltrative (amyloidosis) and storage diseases (e.g., hemochromatosis and Fabry diseases). Diagnosis of myocarditis is now possible through Magnetic Cardiac Resonance (MCR), in place of BEM histology, thanks to oedema. With the help of ECMO, it is possible to allow the heart to rest, supporting its recovery from ejection fraction even in fulminant myocarditis. Cardiac transplantation with the pathological study of the recipient heart offers the opportunity to discover and study new diseases, like restrictive cardiomyopathy and a non-compacted left ventricle.","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hepatoprotective Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra in Diabetic Male Rats: Addressing Liver Function, Oxidative Stress, and Histopathological Changes.

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Biology-Basel Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.3390/biology14030307

Abdulmajeed F Alrefaei, Mohamed E Elbeeh

{"title":"Hepatoprotective Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra in Diabetic Male Rats: Addressing Liver Function, Oxidative Stress, and Histopathological Changes.","authors":"Abdulmajeed F Alrefaei, Mohamed E Elbeeh","doi":"10.3390/biology14030307","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14030307","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that often leads to hepatic complications, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and structural damage, highlighting the need for effective hepatoprotective agents. Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), known for its bioactive compounds with medicinal properties, has gained attention as a potential therapeutic option. This study investigated its hepatoprotective effects in a diabetic rat model. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin, and animals were divided into four groups: a healthy control, a non-diabetic group treated with Glycyrrhiza glabra extract, an untreated diabetic group, and a diabetic group receiving daily doses of the extract. Liver function was assessed through serum enzyme levels (ALT, AST, and ALP), while oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), were analyzed. Histological examination was conducted to evaluate inflammation, fibrosis, and fatty degeneration. Treatment with Glycyrrhiza glabra significantly improved liver function in diabetic rats, as evidenced by lower ALT, AST, and ALP levels compared to untreated diabetic rats (p < 0.05), suggesting hepatocyte protection through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Favorable changes in oxidative stress markers were observed, with lower MDA levels indicating reduced lipid peroxidation and higher GSH activity reflecting enhanced antioxidant defense. Histological analysis confirmed these protective effects, showing reduced inflammation, diminished fatty degeneration, and overall structural improvements. These findings highlight the hepatoprotective potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra, suggesting it may be a promising therapeutic agent for managing hepatic complications associated with diabetes mellitus, though further research with larger sample sizes and mechanistic studies is needed for confirmation.","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection of Genetic Variants in Thai Population by Trio-Based Whole-Genome Sequencing Study.

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Biology-Basel Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.3390/biology14030301

Patcharin Boonin, Sommon Klumsathian, Nareenart Iemwimangsa, Insee Sensorn, Angkana Charoenyingwatana, Wasun Chantratita, Takol Chareonsirisuthigul

{"title":"Detection of Genetic Variants in Thai Population by Trio-Based Whole-Genome Sequencing Study.","authors":"Patcharin Boonin, Sommon Klumsathian, Nareenart Iemwimangsa, Insee Sensorn, Angkana Charoenyingwatana, Wasun Chantratita, Takol Chareonsirisuthigul","doi":"10.3390/biology14030301","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14030301","url":null,"abstract":"This trio-based whole-genome sequencing (WGS) study enhances the accuracy of variant detection by leveraging parental genotypes, which facilitates the identification of de novo mutations and population-specific variants. Nonetheless, the comprehensive genetic variation data of the Thai population remain limited, posing challenges to advancing personalized medicine and population-based screening strategies. We establish the genetic variation information of a healthy Thai population by analyzing the sequences of 40 trios, yielding 120 whole genomes (excluding offspring). The resulting dataset encompasses 20.2 million variants, including 1.1 million novel and 19.1 million known variants. Within this dataset, we identify 169 pathogenic variants, of which 56 are classified as rare and 87 are absent from the ClinVar database as of version 2023. These pathogenic variants, particularly the rare and de novo mutations, will likely be of significant interest for genetic association studies. Notably, one pathogenic variant linked to a de novo mutation is found in the SF3B2 gene, which is associated with craniofacial microsomia. With its innovative methodology and comprehensive dataset, our trio-based whole-genome sequencing study provides an invaluable representation of the genetic variations in the Thai population. These data provide a critical foundation for further analyses of the pathogenic variants related to human disease phenotypes in genetic association studies.","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Difenoconazole on Tubifex tubifex: Antioxidant Activity, Insights from GUTS Predictions, and Multi-Biomarker Analysis.

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Biology-Basel Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.3390/biology14030302

Subhajit Saha, Shubhajit Saha, Paolo Pastorino, Nimai Chandra Saha

{"title":"Effects of Difenoconazole on Tubifex tubifex: Antioxidant Activity, Insights from GUTS Predictions, and Multi-Biomarker Analysis.","authors":"Subhajit Saha, Shubhajit Saha, Paolo Pastorino, Nimai Chandra Saha","doi":"10.3390/biology14030302","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14030302","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for agricultural products has led to a rise in pesticide use, resulting in the pollution of aquatic habitats and raising significant health concerns for both aquatic life and humans. Difenoconazole, a triazole fungicide, is becoming increasingly popular in agriculture, yet its effects on non-target organisms, such as annelids, are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the toxicological effects of difenoconazole and assess its potential impact on toxicity biomarkers, using Tubifex tubifex as a model organism, to better understand the ecotoxicity of difenoconazole on freshwater annelids. The 96-h LC50 value of difenoconazole was determined to be 2.68 mg/L. Sublethal concentrations (10% and 20% of the 96-h LC50 value; 0.268 and 0.536 mg/L, respectively) caused significant changes in the activities of oxidative stress enzymes. A concentration- and time-dependent decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione transferase (GST) was observed compared to control organisms. Additionally, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations increased throughout the exposure period. An Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) assessment was used to characterize and illustrate the impact of difenoconazole on T. tubifex. In conclusion, exposure to this fungicide appears to reduce the survival rate of T. tubifex at acute levels and disrupt its normal behavioral patterns. Moreover, it alters oxidative stress enzyme levels during sublethal exposure. Long-term exposure to the fungicide could potentially have population-level consequences, including a reduction in the number of individuals within a population.","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating Habitat Suitability for the Endangered Sinojackia xylocarpa (Styracaceae) in China Under Climate Change Based on Ensemble Modeling and Gap Analysis.

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Biology-Basel Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.3390/biology14030304

Chenye Hu, Hang Wu, Guangfu Zhang

引用次数: 0

Diffusible Signal Factors and Xylella fastidiosa: A Crucial Mechanism Yet to Be Revealed.

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Biology-Basel Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.3390/biology14030303

Letizia Portaccio, Marzia Vergine, Mariarosaria De Pascali, Luigi De Bellis, Andrea Luvisi

{"title":"Diffusible Signal Factors and Xylella fastidiosa: A Crucial Mechanism Yet to Be Revealed.","authors":"Letizia Portaccio, Marzia Vergine, Mariarosaria De Pascali, Luigi De Bellis, Andrea Luvisi","doi":"10.3390/biology14030303","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14030303","url":null,"abstract":"Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a xylem-limited Gram-negative phytopathogen responsible for severe plant diseases globally. Colonization and dissemination on host plants are regulated primarily by diffusible signal factors (DSFs) and quorum sensing (QS) molecules regulating biofilm formation, motility, and virulence factor synthesis. DSFs play a critical role in the transition of bacteria from adhesion to dispersal phases, influencing plant infection and transmission by vector. Because of Xf's host range (over 550 plant species), effective containment strategies are highly demanded. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanism of DSF-mediated signalling in Xf, especially concerning its role in pathogenicity and adaptation. Moreover, we shed light on innovative approaches to manage Xf, including quorum-quenching (QQ) strategies and transgenic plants targeted to disrupt QS pathways. Improved knowledge of DSF interactions with host plants and bacterial communities could provide an entry point for novel, sustainable disease control strategies to decrease Xf's agricultural and ecological impact.","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Population Status of Sympatrically Breeding Skuas (Catharacta spp.) at Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica: A Case Report for 2020-2024.

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Biology-Basel Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.3390/biology14030305

Katarzyna Komarowska, Katarzyna Fudala, Michał Dziembowski, Alexander Hagge, Robert Józef Bialik

{"title":"Population Status of Sympatrically Breeding Skuas (Catharacta spp.) at Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica: A Case Report for 2020-2024.","authors":"Katarzyna Komarowska, Katarzyna Fudala, Michał Dziembowski, Alexander Hagge, Robert Józef Bialik","doi":"10.3390/biology14030305","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14030305","url":null,"abstract":"The present study sets out to examine the status of sympatric populations of south polar (Catharacta maccormicki) (SPSs) and brown skuas (Catharacta antarctica) (BSs) at two sites on King George Island, Antarctica. The study sites were designated as Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) and were monitored for three (for Point Hennequin (PH)) and four (for West Admiralty Bay (WAB)) consecutive breeding seasons, concluding with the 2023/24 season. The most recently reported data from these areas are from the 2004/05 season, and the data presented herein allow both areas to be assessed in the context of their IBA and Antarctic Specially Protected Area values. The mean number of total pairs for the investigated seasons for WAB was 67 ± 7, while for PH, it was 157 ± 18. The number of pairs of SPSs at PH and WAB justifies the positive evaluation of the areas as IBAs based on global designation criterion A4 proposed jointly by BirdLife International and the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). PH is of particular interest, as it has been determined that at least 2.3% of the global population of SPSs, estimated by BirdLife International to be between 6000 and 15,000 adult individuals, breeds at this site. The expansion of both IBA boundaries is also recommended based on this study.","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Utilization of Algal Biochar for Biopassivation of Copper Sulfide Tailings to Reduce Acid Mine Drainage.

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Biology-Basel Pub Date : 2025-03-16 DOI: 10.3390/biology14030300

Zhiyuan Peng, Can Liu, Yuhang Fu, Hongwei Liu, Hongchang Liu, Hongpeng Cao

{"title":"Utilization of Algal Biochar for Biopassivation of Copper Sulfide Tailings to Reduce Acid Mine Drainage.","authors":"Zhiyuan Peng, Can Liu, Yuhang Fu, Hongwei Liu, Hongchang Liu, Hongpeng Cao","doi":"10.3390/biology14030300","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14030300","url":null,"abstract":"Acid mine drainage (AMD) has serious impacts on the environment. To inhibit the generation of AMD from copper sulfide tailings at the source, in this paper, a strategy is developed for promoting the biopassivation of copper sulfide tailings using algal biochar, and the effects of the pyrolysis temperature and concentration of algal biochar on the passivation efficiency and stability are investigated. The results reveal that the introduction of algal biochar during the biopassivation of copper sulfide tailings significantly enhances the tailings passivation effect of the tested Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain and greatly stabilizes the formed passivation layer. Algal biochar prepared with a pyrolysis temperature of 300 °C and applied at a concentration of 6 g/L not only optimizes biopassivation but also significantly improves the stability of the passivation layer. The complex mechanisms of algal biochar in this system include regulating the pH and oxidation‒reduction potential of the reaction system, effectively adsorbing microbial cells, efficiently aggregating metal cations in solution, stimulating the synthesis of extracellular polymeric substances, and accelerating electron transfer. This research offers a novel method for the benign treatment of copper sulfide tailings and resource utilization of algae.","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mutual Interactions Between Microbiota and the Human Immune System During the First 1000 Days of Life.

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Biology-Basel Pub Date : 2025-03-16 DOI: 10.3390/biology14030299

Muy Heang Tang, Ishbel Ligthart, Samuel Varga, Sarah Lebeer, Frans J van Overveld, Ger T Rijkers

{"title":"Mutual Interactions Between Microbiota and the Human Immune System During the First 1000 Days of Life.","authors":"Muy Heang Tang, Ishbel Ligthart, Samuel Varga, Sarah Lebeer, Frans J van Overveld, Ger T Rijkers","doi":"10.3390/biology14030299","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14030299","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the human immune system starts during the fetal period in a largely, but probably not completely, sterile environment. During and after birth, the immune system is exposed to an increasingly complex microbiota. The first microbiota encountered during passage through the birth canal colonize the infant gut and induce the tolerance of the immune system. Transplacentally derived maternal IgG as well as IgA from breast milk protect the infant from infections during the first 100 days, during which the immune system further develops and immunological memory is formed. The Weaning and introduction of solid food expose the immune system to novel (food) antigens and allow for other microbiota to colonize. The cells and molecules involved in the mutual and intricate interactions between microbiota and the developing immune system are now beginning to be recognized. These include bacterial components such as polysaccharide A from Bacteroides fragilis, as well as bacterial metabolites such as the short-chain fatty acid butyrate, indole-3-aldehyde, and indole-3-propionic acid. All these, and probably more, bacterial metabolites have specific immunoregulatory functions which shape the development of the human immune system during the first 1000 days of life.","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Achromatic Markings as Male Quality Indicators in a Crepuscular Bird.

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Biology-Basel Pub Date : 2025-03-16 DOI: 10.3390/biology14030298

Richard Schnürmacher, Rhune Vanden Eynde, Jitse Creemers, Eddy Ulenaers, Marcel Eens, Ruben Evens, Michiel Lathouwers

{"title":"Achromatic Markings as Male Quality Indicators in a Crepuscular Bird.","authors":"Richard Schnürmacher, Rhune Vanden Eynde, Jitse Creemers, Eddy Ulenaers, Marcel Eens, Ruben Evens, Michiel Lathouwers","doi":"10.3390/biology14030298","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14030298","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary sexual traits, such as specific body parts or colouration, play an important role in mating interactions. It has been proposed that they function as quality indicators driven by sexual selection. In birds, much attention has been paid to the study of feather pigmentation, especially in diurnal passerines. However, recent research demonstrates that structural achromatic colours are likely to be of similar importance for communication, especially for species inhabiting poorly lit environments and that are active at night. Using 15 years of capture-recapture data from a long-term study on adult European Nightjars (Caprimulgus europaeus), we investigated the role of males' white tail and wing markings as secondary sexual traits. We show that the inter-individual variation in marking size exceeds that of the other morphometric variables, suggesting that wing and tail markings could be subject to sexual selection. Older males, individuals with a higher body condition index, and long-term territory holders had larger markings, while these effects were particularly pronounced in terminal tail feather markings. The importance of markings for signalling is likely related to their observed use in social displays. Pronounced site differences in tail marking sizes and annual variation suggest environmental factors acting on the ornaments that remain to be further examined.","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0