Biology-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Bulk Segregant Analysis Integrated with Transcriptomic and Proteomic Approaches Reveals Candidate Genes Associated with Drought Tolerance in Cotton.","authors":"Yousheng Tian, Zengqiang Zhao, Yongmei Dong, Youzhong Li, Hang Yu, Juyun Zheng, Zongming Xie","doi":"10.3390/biology15201902","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15201902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought is one of the most severe and frequently occurring abiotic stresses that significantly threaten cotton production. In this study, to identify key genes associated with drought resistance in upland cotton, BSA-seq was integrated with RNA-seq (R) and proteomic (P) approaches conducted on an F₂ population and two parental accessions exhibiting extreme drought resistance: the drought-sensitive accession \"2406211\" (A) and the drought-resistant accession \"2403739\" (B). After crossing the two parent plants, the F₂ generation from these accessions was used to construct pools representing the two extreme drought resistance traits. BSA-seq analysis identified five QTL regions on chromosomes A02 (9.10 Mb-11.10 Mb), A07 (18.20 Mb-20.70 Mb), A09 (39.80 Mb-42.40 Mb), D03 (8.90 Mb-13.80 Mb), and D04 (10.80 Mb-13.40 Mb). RNA-Seq analysis revealed a total of 5844 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RAW1 (W1, control condition) versus RAW2 (W2, drought stress), comprising 2499 up-regulated and 3345 down-regulated genes. In RBW1 versus RBW2, 6586 DEGs were detected, with 3286 up-regulated and 3300 down-regulated genes. Proteomic analysis identified 1352 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in PAW1 versus PAW2, including 453 up-regulated and 899 down-regulated proteins, and 3440 DEPs in PBW1 versus PBW2, with 1773 up-regulated and 1667 down-regulated proteins. By integrating transcriptomic and proteomic data to analyze genes located within the BSA target regions, we identified 5 DEGs/DEPs, including <i>GH_D04G0687</i>, <i>GH_A02G0703</i>, <i>GH_A07G1211</i>, <i>GH_A07G1202</i>, and <i>GH_D04G0702</i>, as potential candidate genes within the drought-resistance target intervals. This study expands transcriptomic and proteomic resources and identifies novel gene targets for the genetic improvement and breeding of cotton cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13701935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149275818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Software Choice Matters in Mutational Signature Refitting.","authors":"Jan Sliacky, Monika Kovacova","doi":"10.3390/biology15201899","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15201899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mutational signature refitting is widely used to quantify the contributions of known mutagenic processes in cancer genomes. However, different software implementations can yield discordant results even when applied to the same data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study compares five commonly used refitting tools-Sigminer, MutationalPatterns, sigfit, musicatk, and SigProfilerAssignment-across two independent datasets: TRACERx whole-exome sequencing data and a Genome in a Bottle (GIAB) reference sample. Inter-tool agreement was evaluated using six complementary metrics: Frobenius distance, Manhattan distance, cosine similarity, Pearson correlation, covariance-based distance, and spectral distance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across all metrics, musicatk and Sigminer demonstrated the strongest concordance, while sigfit was the most divergent. This ranking was consistent in the single-sample GIAB analysis, suggesting that the observed discrepancies arise primarily from implementation differences between tools rather than from dataset-specific factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings underscore the importance of cross-tool validation and careful consideration of tool-dependent variability when mutational signatures are used for biological interpretation or biomarker development.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13701827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149276094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive Characteristics of Hermaphrodites in a Trioecious Marine Mussel: Evidence of a Mixed Mating Strategy.","authors":"Pablo A Oyarzún, Gonzalo Ruiz-Tagle, Constanza Bustos, Javiera Jerez, José Garcés-Vargas, Juan A Valdés, José J Nuñez, Jorge E Toro","doi":"10.3390/biology15201897","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15201897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trioecy-the coexistence of males, females, and hermaphrodites within the same population-is one of the rarest sexual systems described in animals. The marine mussel <i>Semimytilus patagonicus</i> is among the few known examples, with hermaphrodites accounting for 95% of individuals. However, the reproductive biology of this dominant phenotype remains poorly understood. In the present study, more than 2500 individuals from natural populations were analyzed to assess sexual maturity, gametogenesis, spawning dynamics, and self-fertilization in hermaphroditic <i>S. patagonicus</i>. The results revealed exceptionally early sexual maturity (L₅₀ = 6.49 mm), with the age at L₅₀ estimated at approximately 68 days based on the fitted model, placing this species among the earliest-maturing bivalves reported to date. Gametogenic development exhibited a seasonal pattern characterized by a high proportion of germinal tissue throughout the study period. Furthermore, variation in male and female gametogenic tissues was synchronized. With respect to gamete release, spawning displayed a protandric pattern, in which the first spawning event was dominated by the release of male gametes (53%), whereas the second was dominated by the release of female gametes (83%), suggesting a mechanism that promotes outcrossing. In addition, fertilization experiments demonstrated that self-fertilization produced normal embryos (~86%) and larval sizes (trochophore: x¯ = 69.4 µm; veliger: x¯ = 118.6 µm) comparable to those obtained through cross-fertilization, indicating a functional capacity for self-fertilization without evidence of inbreeding depression during early developmental stages. This combination of reproductive traits in <i>S. patagonicus</i> is consistent with a mixed mating strategy that balances the advantages of self-fertilization with mechanisms that promote outcrossing. Such a life-history configuration may be particularly adaptive in the dynamic and heterogeneous intertidal environment inhabited by this species. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the reproductive dynamics of a trioecious species and their broader significance for the evolution of sexual systems in Animalia.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13701294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149276078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose Modulation of the Local Conformational Flexibility and Free-Energy Basin Shape of Human and Yeast Hexokinases: A Comparative Molecular Dynamics Analysis.","authors":"Ysaías J Alvarado, Aníbal Méndez, Lenin González-Paz, Yovani Marrero-Ponce, Félix Martinez-Rios, Joan Vera-Villalobos, Ariana Delgado, José L Paz","doi":"10.3390/biology15201900","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15201900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human hexokinases HK1 (H) and HK2 (H) are cancer drug targets, yet yeast orthologs often serve as computational surrogates. We analyzed three independent 100 ns molecular dynamics replicates of HK1 (H), HK2 (H) and their <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> homologs [HK1 (Y), HK2 (Y)] in free and glucose-bound states. Because this window samples the local free-energy basin rather than the microsecond-scale open↔closed transition, we compared how glucose modulates local flexibility and basin shape, combining potentials of mean force along the radius of gyration and backbone RMSD with basin occupancy, residence times, local well stiffness (kloc) and volumetric compliance. In both human enzymes glucose tended to enlarge volumetric fluctuations (compliance 1.8-3.2-fold higher); HK1 (H) compacted progressively, to a replicate-dependent extent, whereas HK2 (H) showed the most reproducible effect: lower free-state basin occupancy, a 2.8-fold broader RMSD distribution and a threefold softer well (kloc 980 ± 145 versus 295 ± 112 <i>k</i>_BT/nm²). The yeast enzymes responded weakly or oppositely: in HK1 (Y) glucose lowered backbone deviation and narrowed within-replicate fluctuations (compliance 2.5-fold lower), whereas HK2 (Y) changed minimally. In these simulations, the glucose-flexibility coupling was not conserved between isoforms or species, supporting human-specific structural ensembles, rather than yeast models, for computational inhibitor design.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13701726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149275615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residue 208 of UGT1A7 Determines the Functional Consequences of CYP3A4-UGT1A7 Association in Living Cells.","authors":"Natsuki Egoshi, Yuu Miyauchi, Shin'ichi Ikushiro, Kiyoshi Nagata, Yasushi Yamazoe, Peter I Mackenzie, Hideyuki Yamada, Yuji Ishii","doi":"10.3390/biology15201895","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15201895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A7 (UGT1A7) are known to interact functionally on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. In a previous study, CYP3A4 enhanced the activities of UGT1A7*1 and UGT1A7*2 but suppressed that of UGT1A7*3, suggesting a role for residue 208 in CYP3A4-dependent regulation. To test this hypothesis, we investigated UGT1A7*4, a naturally occurring variant carrying the W208R substitution. Enzyme kinetic analyses demonstrated that UGT1A7*4 retained basal catalytic activity comparable with that of wild-type UGT1A7*1. However, co-expression of CYP3A4 suppressed UGT1A7*4 activity, whereas it enhanced UGT1A7*1 activity. This opposite regulatory response was consistently observed with 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), SN-38, and 4-hydroxybiphenyl (4-OHBP). Pull-down assays showed that UGT1A7*1, UGT1A7*4, and a W208A mutant all retained detectable association with CYP3A4. FRET analysis further demonstrated direct interaction between CYP3A4 and both UGT1A7 variants in living cells. These findings indicate that residue 208 influences the functional consequences of CYP3A4-mediated regulation without abolishing physical association between CYP3A4 and UGT1A7. We propose that residue 208 may function as a determinant, and potentially a molecular switch, governing the outcome of CYP3A4-dependent modulation of UGT1A7 activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13701601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149276101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-Genome Resequencing Identifies Loci Associated with Body Weight and Body-Size-Related Head Height in Bighead Carp (<i>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis</i>).","authors":"Geng Chen, Fangyuan Peng, Dan Wang, Jingou Tong, Jin Xu","doi":"10.3390/biology15201896","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15201896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Growth traits are economically important in bighead carp (<i>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis</i>), but their genetic basis remains unclear. We conducted whole-genome association analyses in 298 fish using 2,891,492 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and linear mixed models controlling for population structure and genomic relatedness. Five variants reached the per-trait genome-wide threshold. The strongest body-weight association occurred at 13:40990738:C:T on linkage group 13 (LG13) (<i>p</i> = 5.09 × 10^-10; effect = 5.50 ± 0.87 g). Two LG04 variants were associated with body weight, while two adjacent LG14 variants were associated with head height (lead <i>p</i> = 8.34 × 10^-9; effect = 2.59 ± 0.44 mm). However, associations with head dimensions were substantially attenuated after body-length adjustment, indicating that head-specific genetic effects were not established. Regional linkage disequilibrium and conditional analyses distinguished compact LG13 and LG14 signals from a complex LG04 pattern, and complementary sensitivity analyses supported their robustness. Sanger sequencing confirmed all 118 tested LG13 genotypes. The LG13 body-weight association was reproduced in an independent population of 268 fish and remained significant after body-length adjustment. Genotype-stratified reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays detected higher expression of <i>mchr2</i>-like gene13.20, <i>syngr1</i>-like gene32.45, and <i>cacng2</i>-like gene32.46 in effect-allele carriers after multiple-test correction. These findings provide independent support for the LG13 body-weight association, while LG14 and LG04 remain discovery-stage candidate regions requiring independent replication and functional investigation before potential breeding applications can be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13701794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149276131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irrigation, Phosphorus Application, and Inoculation Improve the Yield and Nutritional Quality of Alfalfa by Regulating Its Photosynthetic Performance.","authors":"Huijuan Huo, Yanliang Sun, Kongqin Wei, Dongjie Xia, Qianbing Zhang","doi":"10.3390/biology15201903","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15201903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water and phosphorus (P) scarcity severely limit the high-quality production of alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) in arid regions. To clarify the synergistic regulatory effects of irrigation, P application, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) inoculation, this study used a three-factor completely randomized design. Three irrigation levels (W1: 40-45%, W2: 55-60%, W3: 70-75% of field capacity), two P application levels (P1: 50 mg kg^-1, P2: 100 mg kg^-1), and two inoculation treatments (J0: no inoculation, J1: inoculation with <i>Bacillus mucilaginosus</i>) were set to explore their interactive effects on photosynthesis, growth, and nutritional quality of alfalfa. The results showed that under mild drought, high-P combined with PSB inoculation significantly increased plant height (PH), chlorophyll content (Chl), and leaf instantaneous water-use efficiency (WUEi) while maintaining stable dry matter yield (DM). This treatment also increased crude protein (CP) content and relative feed value (RFV), and decreased neutral and acid detergent fiber contents, thus improving forage quality. In conclusion, under mild drought (55-60% of field capacity), P fertilization at 100 mg·kg^-1 combined with PSB inoculation enhances photosynthetic performance, water- and phosphorus-use efficiencies, and improves yield and quality. It provides a theoretical reference for water-saving and high-quality alfalfa production in arid regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13701999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149275993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grazing Management Regimen Shapes Soil Carbon Stocks and Associated Bacterial Community Composition in a Semi-Arid Rangeland.","authors":"Erickson Basave-Villalobos, José A Sigala, María Del Rosario Jacobo-Salcedo, Ignacio Sánchez-Cohen, Vicenta Constante-García, Judith Abigail Sánchez-Ledesma, Erika Nava-Reyna","doi":"10.3390/biology15201901","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15201901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Semi-arid rangelands are highly vulnerable to climate change and overgrazing, yet the functional coupling between soil carbon stabilization and microbial recovery remains largely unquantified. This study was carried out in Northern Mexico (24°0'33″ N, 104°42'28″ W, 1990 m.a.s.l.) and evaluated associations between a grazing management gradient comprising continuous grazing (CG), closed non-selective intensive grazing (GE), and open non-selective intensive grazing (SG) on soil carbon stocks and different labile fractions, bacterial community structures, and functional metabolic pathways in semi-arid soils. The results show that SG showed the highest observed organic and inorganic carbon stocks (SOC and SIC stocks, respectively), along with the labile carbon (LC) fraction. Conversely, GE favors the accumulation of stable, non-labile carbon (NLC). Although alpha diversity remained unaffected, grazing management induced differences in beta diversity. Redundancy and LEfSe analyses revealed a strong coupling between carbon fractions and microbial assembly, characterized by the exclusive enrichment of copiotrophic biomarker families (Burkholderiaceae and Sphingobacteriaceae) under SG. Furthermore, predictive functional profiling (PICRUSt2 and ANCOM) showed that pathways such as tRNA charging and nicotinate degradation were enriched under SG and GE, reflecting potential metabolic capacities and inferred microbial adjustments to heterogeneous, excreta-derived nutrient microenvironments during intermediate recovery states. Ultimately, the findings suggest that targeted rotational grazing may contribute to improved soil carbon stocks and microbial community recovery in semi-arid rangelands.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13701752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149275613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"House Cricket (<i>Acheta domesticus</i>) Meal as an Alternative Protein Source for Fattening Rabbits: Effects on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Intestinal Morphology, and Histopathology.","authors":"Gabriele Brecchia, Nour Elhouda Fehri, Albana Munga, Giacomo Rossi, Giulio Curone, Enxhi Hasani, Livio Galosi, Juan José Pascual, Francesca Falcinelli, Lucia Biagini, Marta Castrica, Daniele Vigo, Olimpia Barbato, Xhelil Koleci, Laura Menchetti, Alda Quattrone","doi":"10.3390/biology15201898","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15201898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>House cricket (<i>Acheta domesticus</i>) meal is a promising alternative protein source, but evidence regarding its nutritional value and effects in rabbits remains limited. This study aimed to (i) evaluate the effects of replacing part of the soybean meal with 3% <i>A. domesticus</i> meal on growth performance and intestinal and hepatic histology in growing rabbits, and (ii) determine the apparent total tract digestibility and nutritive value of <i>A. domesticus</i> meal in a separate digestibility experiment. In Experiment 1, 50 growing New Zealand White rabbits were fed a control diet or a diet containing 3% <i>A. domesticus</i> meal from weaning (30-35 d) to slaughtering (88-93 days). In Experiment 2, 24 rabbits were used to determine the apparent total tract digestibility and nutritive value of <i>A. domesticus</i> meal using a diet containing 7.5% cricket meal. The 3% inclusion level did not significantly affect growth performance or feed conversion ratio. It increased duodenal villus width and jejunal and ileal villus height and was associated with lower histological inflammation scores in the small intestine (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). However, greater cecal goblet cell hyperplasia and hepatic fatty degeneration were also observed (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In Experiment 2, the diet containing 7.5% cricket meal increased dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein digestibility (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). <i>A. domesticus</i> meal showed high protein digestibility (86.2%) but relatively low gross energy digestibility (41.4%) and a moderate digestible energy value (2499 kcal/kg DM). Overall, <i>A. domesticus</i> meal did not impair growth performance and provided highly digestible protein, but further research is needed to clarify its energy utilization and intestinal and hepatic effects before its use as a partial protein replacement in rabbit diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13701613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149275690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ozone as a Catalyst for Alzheimer's Disease and Sleep Disorders: Implications for Neurodegeneration Induced by Air Pollution.","authors":"Alejandro López-Landa, Emiliano González-Sánchez, Javier Pérez-Villavicencio, Norma Serrano García, Carlos García-Hernández, Ángel Lee, Moisés Rubio-Osornio, Carmen Rubio","doi":"10.3390/biology15201904","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15201904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tropospheric ozone, a highly reactive air pollutant, has emerged as a potential environmental risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its associated sleep disturbances, yet a comprehensive synthesis of the underlying mechanisms has remained limited. This narrative review summarizes experimental and epidemiological evidence on ozone exposure, neurodegeneration and disrupted sleep, organized around one working hypothesis: ozone generates a systemic oxidative-inflammatory signal that reaches the central nervous system, with sleep/circadian disruption and AD-related pathology as downstream outcomes that may reinforce each other. In experimental models, ozone is associated with oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier disruption, glial activation and neuroinflammation, overlapping with β-amyloid accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation, and with reduced REM sleep and altered neurotransmitters; clock-gene changes have been shown mainly in peripheral tissue. Circadian disruption is a candidate effector, and current data cannot distinguish mediation from co-occurrence. Epidemiological evidence for ozone-specific associations with cognitive decline remains inconsistent at the population level compared with other pollutants such as PM_2.5 or NO₂, although some cohorts report pollutant-specific effects and modulation by the apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) genotype. Most experimental studies use concentrations well above regulatory ambient standards. Overall, ambient ozone is a biologically plausible, but not yet epidemiologically confirmed, candidate risk factor for AD and sleep disorders. Future work should prioritize exposure-graded longitudinal studies and clarification of the dose-response relationship, including the effects of controlled medical ozone.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13701640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149276011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}