Biology-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Transcriptomic Analysis of Bovine Oocytes at GV and MII Stages and Dynamic Changes in Key Gene Expression Patterns.","authors":"Xueyan Wang, Fei Huang, Xiaopeng Li, Kai Hu, Hong Chen, Peng Niu, Huimin Qu, Di Fang, Chunmei Han, Qinghua Gao","doi":"10.3390/biology15080662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15080662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The maturation of oocytes is a critical step in mammalian reproduction, involving dynamic regulation of gene expression. Therefore, investigating how gene expression varies during different stages of oocyte maturation is highly important. This study employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze bovine oocytes at the germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase II (MII) stages. The results identified 1787 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two stages, with 1556 genes upregulated and 231 downregulated in the GV stage. Further investigation using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that the upregulated genes are mainly involved in mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism, whereas the downregulated genes are primarily associated with signaling pathways. Validation through RT-qPCR confirmed that <i>COA4</i>, <i>TKT</i> and <i>GPX4</i> were significantly higher in GV-stage oocytes, while <i>ISG15</i>, <i>MAP1LC3C</i> and <i>ZEB2</i> were notably downregulated. This study highlights significant gene expression differences between GV and MII bovine oocytes, underscoring the vital roles of genes related to energy metabolism and signaling during oocyte maturation. The expression patterns of these genes provide important molecular markers for further elucidating the mechanisms underlying oocyte maturation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13113874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Hippocampal Clock Gene Regulation Is Associated with Circadian Dysregulation of Oxidative Imbalance, Neuroinflammation, and Histopathological Damage After Pinealectomy.","authors":"Venhar Gurbuz Can, Mehmet Demir, Tansu Kusat, Feyza Basak","doi":"10.3390/biology15080655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15080655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pinealectomy leads to melatonin deficiency, which is known to disrupt circadian clock regulation and may increase vulnerability of the hippocampus to oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory processes. The objective of this study was to examine the gene expression levels of circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK), brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1), period circadian regulator 1 (PER1), cryptochrome circadian regulator 1 (CRY1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the hippocampus to elucidate the impact of pinealectomy-induced circadian dysregulation on these gene expressions and to assess its association with hippocampal alterations. A total of 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control, Sham, and Pinealectomy (PNX) (<i>n</i> = 10 per group). Gene expression levels were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess caspase-3 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity. In addition, oxidative stress parameters, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), as well as the inflammatory marker tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were measured. The pinealectomy group showed a significant downregulation of BMAL1, BDNF, CLOCK, CRY1, and PER1 gene expression levels, with decreases ranging from approximately 60% to 83% compared with the sham and control groups, whereas IL-6 expression was significantly increased by approximately 185% (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated significantly increased caspase-3 and GFAP immunoreactivity in the PNX group. Furthermore, pinealectomy resulted in a significant increase in MDA and TNF-α levels, accompanied by marked decreases in SOD, CAT, and GSH levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, pinealectomy is associated with significant disruption of hippocampal circadian clock gene expression, accompanied by oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and histopathological alterations. These findings highlight the critical role of circadian regulation in maintaining hippocampal cellular integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13114143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nutraceutical Promise of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.: Bioactive Compounds for Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases.","authors":"Clizia Bernardi, Federica Finetti, Lorenza Trabalzini","doi":"10.3390/biology15080659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15080659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dietary habits are pivotal in preventing chronic noncommunicable diseases, as vegetable-rich diets provide over 25,000 bioactive phytochemicals that modulate cell-signaling and metabolic pathways. Consequently, nutraceuticals and functional foods are increasingly recognized for their potential to prevent chronic pathologies. Among functional foods, <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L. (common bean) stands out as a critical resource for global nutrition and disease prevention. Beyond its role in food security and environmental sustainability, the common bean offers extraordinary nutrient density, providing a unique \"protein plus fiber\" package and a source of health-promoting active ingredients. In this review, special emphasis is placed on the bean's role in preventing or mitigating cardiovascular diseases and cancer, driven by bioactive molecules that modulate metabolic and cell-signaling pathways. Practical evidence of this growing interest is demonstrated by the surge in scientific literature over the last 50 years, as shown by PubMed and Scopus data. By synthesizing data from original research and existing reviews, this work highlights how incorporating common beans into the diet represents a strategic, health-conscious choice with potential therapeutic benefits for human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13113827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the <i>GST</i> Gene Family in <i>Reaumuria soongorica</i> and Its Response to Drought Stress.","authors":"Jun Zhao, Liying Ma, Weibo Du, Qianwen Song, Luna Xing, Wei Chen, Qingyan Zhao, Chunlei Zhen, Songsong Lu","doi":"10.3390/biology15080660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15080660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study conducted a genome-wide identification and functional analysis of the glutathione S-transferase (<i>GST</i>) gene family in the xerophytic desert shrub <i>Reaumuria soongorica</i>. A total of 67 <i>GST</i> genes were identified, classified into seven subfamilies, including Phi and Tau, with family expansion primarily attributed to small-scale duplication events. The findings revealed that <i>ResoGST52</i>, a member of the Tau subfamily, serves as a core gene in drought response, exhibiting significant upregulation of 2.40-fold in leaves and 9.01-fold in roots under drought stress. Mechanistic investigations indicated that the expression of <i>ResoGST52</i> is likely directly regulated by the transcription factor ResoDof17, with specific hydrogen bonding interactions identified between the two. Co-expression network analysis further demonstrated that <i>ResoGST52</i> cooperates with key pathways such as plant hormone signaling, MAPK cascades, and glutathione metabolism to collectively respond to drought stress. Notably, evolutionary analysis revealed that ResoGST52 has undergone positive selection, with three positively selected sites identified. Among these, the p.Ala115Ser mutation increases the volume of the protein's active site pocket, while the remaining mutations enhance surface hydrophobicity, thereby improving protein stability and catalytic efficiency under extreme drought conditions. In summary, this study not only systematically identifies the <i>GST</i> gene family in <i>R. soongorica</i> but also elucidates the central role of ResoGST52 in drought adaptation through multiple layers-from transcriptional regulation and co-expression networks to protein structural adaptive evolution-providing valuable candidate genes and theoretical insights for genetic improvement of drought tolerance in crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13113421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cookies, Chips, and Seeds: How Human Food Leftovers Influence Ant-Mediated Seed Removal.","authors":"Brenda Morris, Damaris Iturralde, Anabel Almanza, Aslithe Henriquez, María Morales, Digna Rodríguez, Héctor Santos, Joseph Yángüez, Ronny Castillo, Carlos A Gómez, Pedro González, Cristie Rodríguez, Solmaira Acosta, Adolfo Alba, Lara Dominguez, Emily Marple, Dumas Gálvez","doi":"10.3390/biology15080657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15080657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ants play a central role in seed dispersal and predation, shaping plant recruitment, yet their foraging behavior is increasingly influenced by anthropogenic food subsidies. In human-modified landscapes, processed food waste may disrupt ant-seed interactions by diverting foragers or altering activity patterns, but the extent and mechanisms of these effects across habitats remain unclear. We conducted three field experiments in Panama to test how common food residues affect seed removal by ants in urban and forest environments. Using oat seeds as standardized diaspores, we (1) tested whether potato chips surrounding seed depots reduced removal, (2) evaluated the effects of adjacent chips or cookies on removal rates, ant activity, and species composition, and (3) manipulated the distance between chips and seeds (0, 30, 60 cm) to distinguish behavioral distraction from physical obstruction. Across experiments, seeds near food residues were removed significantly more slowly than controls, approximately half as fast in both habitats, despite differences in ant assemblages. Ant activity near seeds declined in the presence of food, particularly in the urban site. Suppression of seed removal occurred at close range but disappeared at 60 cm. These findings indicate that food waste disrupts ant-mediated seed removal through fine-scale behavioral shifts across contrasting habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13113908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent Behavioral Phenotypes and Transcriptomic Reprogramming in <i>Lymantria dispar</i> Larvae Infected by Virus, Bacterium and Fungus.","authors":"Lin-Bo Zhai, Ya-Jie Wang, Jiang-Bo Zhang, Dun Wang","doi":"10.3390/biology15080656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15080656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pathogen manipulation of host behavior is a widespread evolutionary strategy to enhance its transmission, yet whether different pathogens elicit distinct behavioral and molecular responses in the same host remains poorly understood. We performed parallel behavioral assays and comparative transcriptomic analyses on third-instar <i>Lymantria dispar</i> larvae infected with <i>Lymantria dispar</i> multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV, virus), <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (bacterium) and <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> (fungus). Climbing height was recorded over 72 h post-infection, and gene expression pattern was profiled using RNA-seq at 72 h. Only LdMNPV infection induced significant, sustained upward climbing behavior among the three pathogen infection groups. All three pathogens activated Toll and IMD immune pathways, but LdMNPV triggered substantially broader transcriptomic reprogramming. Notably, the virus specifically upregulated multiple energy metabolism pathways (nicotinate/nicotinamide metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation) and the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway-a pattern absent in bacterial and fungal infections. LdMNPV drove tree-top disease through a virus-specific, multi-system manipulation strategy that couples metabolic activation with neural signaling modulation. This comparative study reveals fundamental differences in behavioral manipulation across pathogen kingdoms and provides candidate pathways for functional validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13113586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Genetic Engineering Approach for DON Detoxification Using a Yeast-Based Multi-Enzyme System.","authors":"Rong Li, Jia Song, Bo Sun, Aike Li, Shiqi Zou, Ming Liu, Linshu Jiang, Jingjing Shi, Qingming Cao, Chen Zhao, Weiwei Wang","doi":"10.3390/biology15080654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15080654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deoxynivalenol (DON), a Group III carcinogenic mycotoxin frequently detected in cereals and animal-derived food products, poses serious health risks to animals and humans. In this study, we developed a genetically engineered <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> strain as a proof-of-concept platform for DON detoxification. The yeast was engineered to co-express two detoxification genes, <i>YTDepA</i> and <i>YTDepB</i> (homologs of <i>DepA</i> and <i>DepB</i> from <i>Devosia mutans</i> 17-2-E-8) originally identified in <i>Youhaiella tibetensis</i>. Concurrently, the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) biosynthesis gene cluster from <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> was integrated to supply the essential cofactor. Gene expression was verified by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The recombinant strain demonstrated a significant 13.98% detoxification of DON after 72 h of fermentation (<i>p</i> < 0.05), as confirmed by HPLC-MS, while the strain expressing only the PQQ cluster showed no detoxification activity. This study establishes an integrated yeast cell factory for DON detoxification and highlights key limitations to guide future optimization efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floral Niche Selection by a Generalist Predator: Chemo-Orientation of <i>Orius maxidentex</i> to <i>Celosia argentea</i> Volatiles.","authors":"Yinyi Liu, Wei Gan, Xia Shi, Zhengpei Ye, Fan Song, Hu Li, Wanzhi Cai, Jianyun Wang, Junyu Chen","doi":"10.3390/biology15080658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15080658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant volatiles are critical mediators of insect-plant interactions, guiding natural enemies to specific habitats and prey. The flower bug, <i>Orius maxidentex</i> Ghauri (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), is a generalist predator that exhibits a specialized ecological association with the weed <i>Celosia argentea</i> L. (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae), utilizing the plant as a primary floral niche in Hainan Island. In this study, the attractiveness of <i>C. argentea</i> floral volatiles to <i>O. maxidentex</i> was confirmed using a Y-tube olfactometer. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was utilized to identify six compounds in the floral volatiles: 1,3-diethenylbenzene, trans-cinnamaldehyde, β-bisabolene, methyl salicylate, 3-ethylbenzaldehyde, and nonanal. Electroantennogram (EAG) assays revealed that <i>O. maxidentex</i> antennae showed significant physiological responses to these compounds, and the EAG relative values were positively correlated with concentration gradients. Furthermore, <i>O. maxidentex</i> exhibited significant orientation responses to 1,3-diethenylbenzene, trans-cinnamaldehyde, β-bisabolene, and methyl salicylate, whereas no behavioral response was observed for 3-ethylbenzaldehyde or nonanal. Further tests revealed that β-bisabolene elicited the highest attractiveness, comparable to a synthetic blend formulated to mimic the natural release ratio of the active semiochemicals. These findings reveal the hidden chemical cues mediating the interaction between a predator and its preferred habitat. Understanding this mechanism not only helps explain insect adaptation but also offers new strategies for using these plant volatiles to influence the behavior of this specific predator, potentially enhancing its targeted recruitment in agroecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13113461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CABIF-Net: Robust Confidence-Based Audio-Visual Fusion for Fine-Grained Bird Recognition.","authors":"Zilong Li, Yan Zhang, Danju Lv, Yueyun Yu","doi":"10.3390/biology15080661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15080661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fine-grained bird identification is crucial for ecosystem monitoring, species conservation, and habitat assessment. However, in real-world environments, there are challenges such as imbalances in modality quality and interference from background noise. To improve fine-grained audio-visual bird classification under heterogeneous modality conditions, we propose an audio-visual feature fusion framework named CABIF-Net. This framework introduces a confidence-based Top-K mean pooling module to select key frames to optimize the visual representations at the video level. Through a Confidence Calibration module, it dynamically assesses the reliability of the visual and audio modalities and integrates a Bidirectional Inter-modulation Fusion module to achieve controllable cross-modal information interaction. Experiments were conducted on the publicly available SSW60 dataset, characterized by severe noise and imbalance in modality quality, and the self-built Birds21 dataset with balanced modality quality. The experimental results show that the classification accuracies were 85.76% and 96.67%, respectively, outperforming existing unimodal methods and several mainstream fusion strategies. Weight distribution and visualization analyses further indicate that the proposed method can adaptively adjust the modality contributions based on discriminative evidence at the sample level. This study provides an effective framework for fine-grained audio-visual bird species recognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13113560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gut Microbiome and Metabolome of Domestic Cats Were Altered by the Oral Administration of Complex Probiotics.","authors":"Yanfeng Ma, Yuhua Hu, Junjie Zhang, Qing Sun, Hongyan Wang, Xinda Liu, Weipeng Tian, Wenhao Wang, Xuelian Ma, Donghua Shao, Ke Liu, Beibei Li, Yafeng Qiu, Zhiyong Ma, Zongjie Li, Jianchao Wei","doi":"10.3390/biology15080652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15080652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probiotics are commonly applied to maintain the balance of gut microbiota and regulate the intestinal metabolic function of companion animals. In the present study, complex probiotics (<i>Bacillus coagulans</i> SNZ-1969, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, and <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i>) were added into the basal diet of domestic cats to investigate their influence on the intestinal microbiome and metabolic characteristics. Results revealed that the alpha diversity of the gut microbiota in the probiotic group was enhanced when compared to the control group. The beta diversity of the gut microbiota was also altered by the oral consumption of the complex probiotics. Compared to the control group, the relative abundance of beneficial microbes (such as <i>Clostridium</i>, <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Phocaeicola</i>, and <i>Ruminococcus</i>) in the probiotic group was enhanced, while the relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens (such as <i>Escherichia</i>, <i>Gallibacter</i>, <i>Corynebacterium</i>) was decreased. Additionally, the intestinal metabolic characteristics of domestic cats were also changed. The metabolomic analysis identified 408 differential metabolites between the two groups, and the KEGG function pathway analysis proved that the dominant pathway related to the differential metabolites were the amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, endocrine system, digestive system, immune system, and other metabolic pathways. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the beneficial microbes had positive correlations with the differential metabolites. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that oral administration of complex probiotics could regulate overall health and well-being in domestic cats through modulating the gut microbiome and metabolic characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13113137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}