Biology-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Long-Term Monitoring Reveals Changes in the Small Mammal Community Composition and Co-Occurrence Patterns in the Diannan Area of Yunnan, China.","authors":"Jinyu Yang, Ting Jia, Wanlong Zhu, Xiaomi Yang","doi":"10.3390/biology14070897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14070897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-term monitoring of small mammal communities provides critical insights into biodiversity conservation by detecting ecosystem degradation and quantifying anthropogenic impacts. Using 13 years (2005-2017) of standardized live-trapping data from the Diannan area, China, we analyzed 22 small mammal species to assess population dynamics and community restructuring through co-occurrence network analysis, species composition trends, and multi-index diversity evaluation (Shannon-Wiener, Margalef, Simpson, and Pielou). The research results showed that, except for the two dominant species, <i>Eothenomys miletus</i> and <i>Apodemus chevrieri</i>, whose populations showed an increasing trend during the survey period, the populations of all other species showed a decreasing trend, and some species even faced local extinction. The species diversity index significantly decreased, and the complexity of the co-occurrence network structure also appeared at the local level. We observed a decrease in the diversity of small mammals and the interactions between species. Pearson correlation and redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration were the primary environmental drivers of the observed temporal variations in small mammal community structure. These results emphasize the necessity of further conservation efforts to protect local ecosystems and mitigate the negative impact of human activities on the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Alterations in Crassostrea Gigas After Feeding Selenium-Enriched Yeast Based on Transcriptomic Analysis.","authors":"Yancheng Zhao, Xiaojing Jiang, Liming Jiang, Yongjie Wang, Cuiju Cui, Xiumei Liu, Zan Li, Weijun Wang, Jianmin Yang","doi":"10.3390/biology14070898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14070898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the effects of selenium-enriched yeast supplementation on growth-related and immune-related gene expression in <i>C. gigas</i>, aiming to support feed optimization in oyster aquaculture. Selenium, an essential trace element, is vital for growth, immune function, and metabolism in animals. Selenium-enriched yeast, an organic form, offers superior bioavailability, enabling efficient absorption and utilization. <i>C. gigas</i>, a commercially significant marine shellfish, is rich in protein and nutrients, but the effects of selenium on mollusks remain insufficiently explored. In this study, oysters were divided into three groups: a control group without selenium (THNP), a 2 ppm selenium group (THMP), and a 4 ppm selenium group (THHP). Transcriptome sequencing yielded 388,679,026 clean reads. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses identified key metabolic signaling pathways, and a PPI analysis was performed on the translation products of DEGs involved in the KEGG pathways. qRT-PCR validated the expression of principal DEGs. The combined results of enrichment and PPI analyses highlighted pathways such as glutathione metabolism and collagen signaling. Additionally, three hub genes-<i>FASN</i>, <i>HRAS</i>, and <i>ABCG5</i>-were identified as central to the selenium response. These findings enhance the understanding of selenium's molecular impact on oysters and support its application in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of <i>Bacillus pretiosus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas agronomica</i> for the Synthesis of a Valorized Water Waste Treatment Plant Waste as a Biofertilizer Intended for <i>Quercus pyrenaica</i> L. Fertigation.","authors":"Diana Penalba-Iglesias, Marina Robas-Mora, Daniel González-Reguero, Vanesa M Fernández-Pastrana, Agustín Probanza, Pedro A Jiménez-Gómez","doi":"10.3390/biology14070902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14070902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The loss of hectares of forest areas has become a global issue that has worsened over recent years due to unsustainable human activities. In a context of limited availability of productive land, it is urgent to adopt efficient strategies to recover the affected natural areas. Actions based on a circular economy, such as the use of organic chemical matrices recovered from water waste treatment plant waste, have proven to be effective. In this regard, the addition of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), such as <i>Bacillus pretiosus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas agronomica</i>, can contribute to the chemical treatment, favoring the recovery of soils, accelerating the recovery of vegetation cover, and inducing an increase in biodiversity. In this research, the effect of bio-fertigation under controlled laboratory conditions in <i>Quercus pyrenaica</i> is evaluated. After a thirty-six-week trial, the biometric and nutritional parameters of the plants were harvested and measured, and the diversity and composition of the metagenomes of their rhizospheres were evaluated. As well, the cenoantibiogram and the metabolic diversity were measured. The results showed that the use of these biofertilizers increased the variables related to plant production, quality of plant composition as an indirect means of their resilience, as well as an increase in rhizospheric microbial diversity and a reduction in their MIC resistance to the most widely used antibiotics. For all these reasons, the use of the biofertilizer result of the combination of WWTP waste, <i>Bacillus pretiosus</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas agronomica</i> is postulated as an environmentally friendly strategy that can contribute to the recovery of potential oak forest areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Global and Regional Factors Influencing the Density of <i>Trachurus japonicus</i> in the South China Sea.","authors":"Mingshuai Sun, Yaquan Li, Zuozhi Chen, Youwei Xu, Yutao Yang, Yan Zhang, Yalan Peng, Haoda Zhou","doi":"10.3390/biology14070895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14070895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this cross-disciplinary investigation, we uncover a suite of previously unexamined factors and their intricate interplay that hold causal relationships with the distribution of <i>Trachurus japonicus</i> in the northern reaches of the South China Sea, thereby extending the existing research paradigms. Leveraging advanced machine learning algorithms and causal inference, our robust experimental design uncovered nine key global and regional factors affecting the distribution of <i>T. japonicus</i> density. A robust experimental design identified nine key factors significantly influencing this density: mean sea-level pressure (msl-0, msl-4), surface pressure (sp-0, sp-4), Summit ozone concentration (Ozone_sum), F10.7 solar flux index (F10.7_index), nitrate concentration at 20 m depth (N3M20), sonar-detected effective vertical range beneath the surface (Height), and survey month (Month). Crucially, stable causal relationships were identified among Ozone_sum, F10.7_index, Height, and N3M20. Variations in Ozone_sum likely impact surface UV radiation levels, influencing plankton dynamics (a primary food source) and potentially larval/juvenile fish survival. The F10.7_index, reflecting solar activity, may affect geomagnetic fields, potentially influencing the migration and orientation behavior of <i>T. japonicus</i>. N3M20 directly modulates primary productivity by limiting phytoplankton growth, thereby shaping the availability and distribution of prey organisms throughout the food web. Height defines the vertical habitat range acoustically detectable, intrinsically linking directly to the vertical distribution and availability of the fish stock itself. Surface pressures (msl-0/sp-0) and their lagged effects (msl-4/sp-4) significantly influence sea surface temperature profiles, ocean currents, and stratification, all critical determinants of suitable habitats and prey aggregation. The strong influence of Month predominantly reflects seasonal changes in water temperature, reproductive cycles, and associated shifts in nutrient supply and plankton blooms. Rigorous robustness checks (Data Subset and Random Common Cause Refutation) confirmed the reliability and consistency of these causal findings. This elucidation of the distinct biological and physical pathways linking these diverse factors leading to <i>T. japonicus</i> density provides a significantly improved foundation for predicting distribution patterns globally and offers concrete scientific insights for sustainable fishery management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TLR4 Asp299Gly SNP (rs4986790) Protects from Periodontal Inflammatory Destruction by Altering TLR4 Susceptibility to LPS Stimulation.","authors":"Franco Cavalla, Claudia C Biguetti, Ariadne Letra, Renato M Silva, Alexandre R Vieira, Franz J Strauss, Gustavo P Garlet","doi":"10.3390/biology14070894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14070894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease linked to host immune response and genetic predisposition. The TLR4 Asp299Gly single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, rs4986790) has been associated with altered responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and may influence susceptibility to inflammatory diseases. Given the central role of TLR4 in innate immune recognition of periodontal pathogens, this study investigates the role of rs4986790 in modulating susceptibility to periodontal inflammatory destruction. A total of 1410 individuals from four populations were genotyped, with findings indicating a significant protective effect of the polymorphic allele. Functional assays demonstrated enhanced IL-8 secretion and increased sensitivity to CD14 inhibition in cells expressing the variant receptor. These results suggest that rs4986790 modifies the LPS response via TLR4, potentially offering protection against periodontal breakdown.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Chnoospora minima</i> Polysaccharide-Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Potent Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities.","authors":"Lakshika Keerthirathna, Sachini Sigera, Milan Rathnayake, Arunoda Senarathne, Hiruni Udeshika, Chamali Kodikara, Narayana M Sirimuthu, Kalpa W Samarakoon, Mohamad Boudjelal, Rizwan Ali, Dinithi C Peiris","doi":"10.3390/biology14070904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14070904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine algae offer environmentally friendly platforms for green nanoparticle synthesis. This study reports the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using polysaccharides isolated from the brown alga <i>Chnoospora minima</i> (PAgNPs) and evaluates their therapeutic potential. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed algal polysaccharide functional groups. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis characterized the nanoparticles as spherical (~84 nm average size), stable (zeta potential -18.5 mV), and containing elemental silver without nitrogen. The PAgNPs exhibited potent antioxidant activity (~100% DPPH scavenging) and significant antimicrobial efficacy, particularly against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Candida</i> species. Crucially, PAgNPs displayed potent antiproliferative activity against human lung cancer cells (A549, IC₅₀: 13.59 µg/mL). In contrast, toxicity to normal Vero cells was significantly lower (IC₅₀: 300.2 µg/mL), demonstrating notable cancer cell selectivity (SI 22.1). Moderate activity was observed against MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC₅₀: 100.7 µg/mL). These results demonstrate that <i>C. minima</i> polysaccharide facilitates the synthesis of biocompatible AgNPs with promising antimicrobial and selective anticancer capabilities, highlighting their potential for further development as nanotherapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Silico Discovery of a Novel Potential Allosteric PI3Kα Inhibitor Incorporating 3-(2-Chloro-5-fluorophenyl)isoindolin-1-one to Target Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Wenqing Jia, Xianchao Cheng","doi":"10.3390/biology14070896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14070896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase alpha (PI3Kα) is frequently mutated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), leading to the constitutive activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, which promotes tumor cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. PI3Kα allosteric inhibitors demonstrate therapeutic potential as both monotherapy and combination therapy, particularly in patients with <i>PIK3CA</i> mutations or resistance to immunotherapy, through the precise targeting of mutant PI3Kα. Compared to ATP-competitive PI3Kα inhibitors such as Alpelisib, the allosteric inhibitor <b>RLY-2608</b> exhibits enhanced selectivity for mutant PI3Kα while minimizing the inhibition of wild-type PI3Kα, thereby reducing side effects such as hyperglycemia. To date, no allosteric PI3Kα inhibitors have been approved for clinical use. To develop novel PI3Kα inhibitors with improved safety and efficacy, we employed a scaffold hopping approach to structurally modify <b>RLY-2608</b> and constructed a compound library. Based on the structural information of the PI3Kα allosteric site, we conducted the systematic virtual screening of 11,550 molecules from databases to identify lead compounds. Through integrated approaches, including molecular docking studies, target validation, druggability evaluation, molecular dynamics simulations, and metabolic pathway and metabolite analyses, we successfully identified a promising novel allosteric PI3Kα inhibitor, <b>H-18</b> (3-(2-chloro-5-fluorophenyl)isoindolin-1-one). <b>H-18</b> has not been previously reported as a PI3Kα inhibitor, and provides an excellent foundation for subsequent lead optimization, offering a significant starting point for the development of more potent PI3Kα allosteric inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Structure and Influencing Factors of Macro-Benthos in Bottom-Seeded Marine Pastures: A Case Study of Caofeidian, China.","authors":"Xiangping Xue, Long Yun, Zhaohui Sun, Jiangwei Zan, Xinjing Xu, Xia Liu, Song Gao, Guangyu Wang, Mingshuai Liu, Fei Si","doi":"10.3390/biology14070901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14070901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To accurately assess the water quality, ecosystem status, distribution of large benthic organisms, and ecological restoration under human intervention, an analysis of benthic organisms on Caofeidian in September and November 2023 and January and May of the following year was conducted in this work. By performing CCA (canonical correspondence analysis) and cluster and correlation coefficient (Pearson) analyses, the temporal variation characteristics of benthic abundance, dominant species, community structure and biodiversity were analyzed. A total of 79 species of macro-benthic animals were found in four months, including 32 species of polychaetes, cnidarians, 1 species of Nemertean, 19 species of crustaceans, and 24 species of molluscs. The use of conventional grab-type mud collectors revealed that the <i>Musculus senhousei</i> dominated the survey (<i>Y</i> > 0.02). While only a small number of <i>Ruditapes philippinarum</i> were collected from bottom-dwelling species, a certain number of bottom-dwelling species (<i>Ruditapes philippinarum</i> and <i>Scapharca subcrenata</i>) were also collected during the trawl survey. Additionally, a significant population of <i>Rapana venosa</i> was found in the area. It is speculated that the dual effects of predation and competition are likely the primary reasons for the relatively low abundance of bottom-dwelling species. The density and biomass of macro-benthos were consistent over time, which was the highest in May, the second highest in January, and the lowest in September and November. The main environmental factors affecting the large benthic communities in the surveyed sea areas were pH, DO, NO₂^--N, T, SAL and PO₄^3--P. Combined with historical data, it was found that although the environmental condition in the Caofeidian sea area has improved, the <i>Musculus senhousei</i> has been dominant. In addition, the abundance of other species is much less than that of the <i>Musculus senhousei</i>, and the diversity of the benthic community is still reduced. Our work provides valuable data support for the management and improvement of bottom Marine pasture and promotes the transformation of Marine resources from resource plunder to a sustainable resource.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Computational Analysis of In Vivo Investigation of Modulatory Effect of <i>Fagonia cretica</i> Plant Extract on Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Female Rats.","authors":"Ayesha Qasim, Hiram Calvo, Jesús Jaime Moreno Escobar, Zia-Ud-Din Akhtar","doi":"10.3390/biology14070903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14070903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Fagonia cretica</i>, a medicinal herb from the Zygophyllaceae family, is traditionally utilized to treat various conditions such as hepatitis, gynecological disorders, tumors, urinary tract issues, and diabetes. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of <i>Fagonia cretica</i> in treating polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) induced in female rats. PCOS, a complex hormonal disorder, was experimentally induced by administering Letrozole (1 mg/kg) in combination with a high-fat diet for 21 days. The affected rats were then treated with hydro-alcoholic extracts of <i>Fagonia cretica</i> at doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg for 20 days. Key biochemical parameters-including serum testosterone, insulin, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein levels-were measured. Ultrasound imaging and histopathological analysis of ovarian tissues were also performed. The data were analyzed using computer-based statistical tools, including one-way ANOVA, Cohen's d effect size, and Tukey's HSD test, with graphical representations generated using Python 3.10 on the Kaggle platform. Results demonstrated a significant reduction in serum testosterone, insulin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in treated groups, along with improved ovarian morphology. These findings support the therapeutic potential of <i>Fagonia cretica</i> as a natural treatment for PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MaxEnt Modeling of Future Habitat Shifts of <i>Itea yunnanensis</i> in China Under Climate Change Scenarios.","authors":"Jinxin Zhang, Xiaoju Li, Suhang Li, Qiong Yang, Yuan Li, Yangzhou Xiang, Bin Yao","doi":"10.3390/biology14070899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14070899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The distribution of <i>Itea yunnanensis</i>, a shrub species in the genus <i>Itea</i> of the family <i>Iteaceae</i>, is primarily concentrated in the Hengduan Mountains region of China, where it faces severe threats from global climate change. However, systematic research on the species' distribution patterns, climatic response mechanisms, and future suitable habitat dynamics remains insufficient. This study aims to assess the spatiotemporal evolution and driving mechanisms of <i>I. yunnanensis</i>-suitable habitats under current and future climate change scenarios to reveal the migration patterns of its distribution centroid and ecological thresholds, and to enhance the reliability and interpretability of predictions through model optimization. For MaxEnt modeling, we utilized 142 georeferenced occurrence records of <i>I. yunnanensis</i> alongside environmental data under current conditions and three future Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs: SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5). Model parameter optimization (Regularization Multiplier, Feature Combination) was performed using the R (v4.2.1) package 'ENMeval'. The optimized model (RM = 3.0, FC = QHPT) significantly reduced overfitting risk (ΔAICc = 0) and achieved high prediction accuracy (AUC = 0.968). Under current climate conditions, the total area of potential high-suitability habitats for <i>I. yunnanensis</i> is approximately 94.88 × 10⁴ km², accounting for 9.88% of China's land area, with core areas located around the Hengduan Mountains. Under future climate change, the suitable habitats show significant divergence, area fluctuation and contraction under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, and continuous expansion under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. Meanwhile, the species' distribution centroid exhibits an overall trend of northwestward migration. This study not only provides key spatial decision-making support for the in situ and ex situ conservation of <i>I. yunnanensis</i>, but also offers an important methodological reference for the adaptive research on other ecologically vulnerable species facing climate change through its optimized modeling framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}