Biosensors-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Accuracy Enhancement in Refractive Index Sensing via Full-Spectrum Machine Learning Modeling.","authors":"Majid Aalizadeh, Chinmay Raut, Morteza Azmoudeh Afshar, Ali Tabartehfarahani, Xudong Fan","doi":"10.3390/bios15090582","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios15090582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a full-spectrum machine learning framework for refractive index sensing using simulated absorption spectra from meta-grating structures composed of titanium or silicon nanorods under TE and TM polarizations. Linear regression was applied to 80 principal components extracted from each spectrum, and model performance was assessed using five-fold cross-validation, simulating real-world biosensing scenarios where unknown patient samples are predicted based on standard calibration data. Titanium-based structures, dominated by broadband intensity changes, yielded the lowest mean squared errors and the highest accuracy improvements-up to an 8128-fold reduction compared to the best single-feature model. In contrast, silicon-based structures, governed by narrow resonances, showed more modest gains due to spectral nonlinearity that limits the effectiveness of global linear models. We also show that even the best single-wavelength predictor is identified through data-driven analysis, not visual selection, highlighting the value of automated feature preselection. These findings demonstrate that spectral shape plays a key role in modeling performance and that full-spectrum linear approaches are especially effective for intensity-modulated index sensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Biosensing of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Products.","authors":"Ana Kuprešanin, Marija Pavlović, Ljiljana Šašić Zorić, Milinko Perić, Stefan Jarić, Teodora Knežić, Ljiljana Janjušević, Zorica Novaković, Marko Radović, Mila Djisalov, Nikola Kanas, Jovana Paskaš, Zoran Pavlović","doi":"10.3390/bios15090584","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios15090584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid and sensitive detection of regulatory elements within transgenic constructs of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is essential for effective monitoring and control of their distribution. In this study, we present several innovative electrochemical biosensing platforms for the detection of regulatory sequences in genetically modified (GM) plants, combining the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method with electrodes functionalized by two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. The sensor design exploits the high surface area and excellent conductivity of reduced graphene oxide, Ti₃C₂T_x, and molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) to enhance signal transduction. Furthermore, we used a \"green synthesis\" method for Ti₃C₂T_x preparation that eliminates the use of hazardous hydrofluoric acid (HF) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), providing a safer and more sustainable approach for nanomaterial production. Within this framework, the performance of various custom-fabricated electrodes, including laser-patterned gold leaf films, physical vapor deposition (PVD)-deposited gold electrodes, and screen-printed gold electrodes, is evaluated and compared with commercial screen-printed gold electrodes. Additionally, gold and carbon electrodes were electrochemically covered by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and their properties were compared. Several electrochemical methods were used during the DNA detection, and their importance and differences in excitation signal were highlighted. Electrochemical properties, sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility are characterized for each electrode type to assess the influence of fabrication methods and material composition on sensor performance. The developed biosensing systems exhibit high sensitivity, specificity, and rapid response, highlighting their potential as practical tools for on-site GMO screening and regulatory compliance monitoring. This work advances electrochemical nucleic acid detection by integrating environmentally-friendly nanomaterial synthesis with robust biosensing technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell-Free DNA Versus Circulating Tumor Cells: A Pilot Study of Alpha-Fetoprotein Analysis for Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Ga Young Moon, Hyun Sung Park, Ha Neul Kim, Hei-Gwon Choi, Yonghan Han, Hyuk Soo Eun, Tae Hee Lee, Jiyoon Bu","doi":"10.3390/bios15090579","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios15090579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is widely used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management, yet its limited sensitivity and specificity restrict diagnostic and prognostic utility. In this study, we explore the clinical potential of AFP quantification from cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using a novel bead-based liquid biopsy platform. Following isolation, AFP abundance in cfDNA was quantified by qPCR, while AFP protein expression in CTCs was assessed via immunohistochemistry. Compared to serum AFP, cfDNA-derived AFP demonstrated significantly greater diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing HCC patients from non-cancerous individuals (<i>p</i> < 0.0001, AUC = 0.998), while AFP⁺ CTCs showed high specificity. Post-treatment changes in AFP levels from cfDNA and CTCs were significantly associated with therapeutic response and overall survival, outperforming conventional serum AFP. Longitudinal monitoring further revealed that cfDNA AFP levels reliably captured recurrence events prior to clinical diagnosis. Moreover, a combined metric integrating AFP levels from cfDNA and CTCs significantly improved response stratification (AUC = 0.89), outperforming individual biomarkers. This pilot study highlights the potential of multimodal AFP profiling through cfDNA and CTCs as a promising, non-invasive approach for enhancing diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring in HCC, with direct implications for personalized therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motion Artifacts (MA) At-Rest in Measured Arterial Pulse Signals: Time-Varying Amplitude in Each Harmonic and Non-Flat Harmonic-MA-Coupled Baseline.","authors":"M D Mahfuzur Rahman, Mamun Hasan, Zhili Hao","doi":"10.3390/bios15090578","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios15090578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Motion artifacts (MA) cause great variability in a measured arterial pulse signal, and treatment of MA solely as a baseline drift (BD) fails to eliminate its effect on the measured signal. This paper presents a study on the effect of MA at rest (<0.7 Hz) on measured arterial pulse signals using a microfluidic-based tactile sensor. By taking full account of the dynamic behavior of the transmission path from the true pulse signal in an artery to a measured pulse signal at the sensor, the tissue-contact-sensor (TCS) stack, an analytical model of MA in a measured pulse signal is developed. In this model, the TCS stack is treated as a 1DOF system for its dynamic behavior; MA is quantified as the displacement (i.e., BD) and time-varying system parameters (TVSP) of the TCS stack. The mathematical expression of MA in a measured pulse signal reveals that while BD remains as low-frequency additive noise, TVSP causes time-varying harmonics in a measured pulse signal. Further time-frequency analysis (TFA) of measured pulse signals validates the existence of TVSP and, for the first time, reveals its effect on a measured pulse signal: time-varying amplitude in each harmonic and non-flat harmonic-MA-coupled baseline.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances and Innovations in Conjugated Polymer Fluorescent Sensors for Environmental and Biological Detection.","authors":"Viet-Duc Phung, Vinh Van Tran","doi":"10.3390/bios15090580","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios15090580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thanks to their multiple outstanding features-such as high fluorescence quantum yield, good photostability, and excellent sensitivity-conjugated polymers (CPs) have emerged as a pioneering class of fluorescent materials for sensing applications, particularly in environmental and biological fields, for the detection of a wide range of environmental pollutants and bioactive compounds. The presence of delocalized π-electrons in the CP backbone significantly enhances sensing performance through a unique phenomenon known as the \"molecular wire effect.\" As a result, CP-based fluorescent sensors have been extensively developed and employed as exceptional tools for monitoring various analytes in environmental and biological contexts. A deep understanding of their unique properties, fabrication techniques, and recent innovations is essential for guiding the strategic development of advanced CP-based fluorescent sensors, particularly for future point-of-care applications. This study presents a critical review of the key characteristics of fluorescent sensors and highlights several common types of conjugated polymers (CPs) used in their design and fabrication. It summarizes and discusses the main sensing mechanisms, state-of-the-art applications, and recent innovations of CP-based fluorescent sensors for detecting target compounds in environmental and biological fields. Furthermore, potential strategies and future perspectives for designing and developing high-performance CP-based fluorescent sensors are emphasized. By consolidating current scientific evidence, this review aims to support the advancement of highly sensitive fluorescent sensors based on various CP nanoparticles for environmental and biological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portable Point-of-Care Device for Dual Detection of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Hemoglobin in Low-Resource Settings.","authors":"Rehab Osman Taha, Napaporn Youngvises, Runtikan Pochairach, Papichaya Phompradit, Kesara Na-Bangchang","doi":"10.3390/bios15090577","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios15090577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a common enzymopathy with significant clinical implications, particularly in malaria-endemic regions and in the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Timely and accurate detection of G6PD deficiency is critical to prevent life-threatening hemolytic events following oxidative drug administration. This study evaluated the MyG6PD device, a quantitative point-of-care (PoC) tool, for the assessment of hemoglobin concentration and G6PD enzyme activity. Analytical performance was benchmarked against laboratory spectrophotometry and the STANDARD G6PD Analyzer™ (SD Biosensor; Suwon-si, Republic of Korea). MyG6PD demonstrated excellent linearity (R² ≥ 0.99), accuracy (bias < ±15%), and precision (CV < 15%) across normal, intermediate, and deficient activity ranges, including heterozygous females with intermediate phenotypes. The device's compact, battery-operated design, rapid turnaround, and minimal training requirements support its use in decentralized and resource-limited settings. Furthermore, cost-effective consumables and robust detection of intermediate activity highlight its potential for large-scale deployment. Overall, MyG6PD provides a reliable, accessible, and clinically actionable solution for urgent G6PD deficiency screening, enabling safer administration of oxidative therapies and improving patient outcomes in high-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible and Stretchable Microneedle Electrode Arrays by Soft Lithography for Continuous Monitoring of Glucose.","authors":"Yong-Ho Choi, Honglin Piao, Jia Lee, Jaehyun Kim, Heon-Jin Choi, Dahl-Young Khang","doi":"10.3390/bios15090576","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios15090576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuous monitoring of glucose (CGM) level is of utmost importance to diabetic patients, especially with no or minimal pain. Microneedle arrays with desired electrode patterns have been fabricated by soft lithographic molding, and the patterned electrodes were formed via shadow evaporation through a shadow mask that was made from a modified molding technique. With immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx), the microneedle electrode arrays (MEAs) have been successfully employed for the in vitro CGM using impedance spectroscopy. The fabricated MEAs could monitor the varying glucose level continuously for up to ~10 days. Similar processes have been applied for the fabrication of stretchable MEAs, which can conform to complex curvilinear surfaces. The simple and low-cost fabrication of MEAs, either in flexible or stretchable forms, may find various applications in wearable health monitoring techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Sensitive Electrochemical Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Biosensor for Organophosphorus Pesticides Based on Ti₃C₂T_X MXene Quantum Dots.","authors":"Nisha Makani, Jett Wu, Jose Florentino, Cecilia F Chafin, Bhoj Gautam, Shirley Chao, Shubo Han","doi":"10.3390/bios15090575","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios15090575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) pose significant environmental and health risks due to their widespread use and toxicity, primarily by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. Traditional detection methods are often slow and costly, highlighting the urgent need for advanced, sensitive, and accessible technologies. This study developed a highly sensitive electrochemical cholinesterase-inhibiting biosensor for OP pesticides, utilizing Ti₃C₂T_x MXene Quantum Dots (MQDs), which was synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The biosensor's performance was characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and cyclic voltammetry. DPV proved to be the optimal technique, exhibiting an ultralow detection limit of 1 × 10^-17 M and a wide linear range (10^-14-10^-8 M) for chlorpyrifos (a model OP) with an estimated inhibition constant of 62 nM. The biosensor demonstrated high selectivity for OPs (chlorpyrifos, acephate, glyphosate) over a non-target pyrethroid (permethrin), confirmed by distinct electrochemical signatures and compared to in vitro cholinergic activity assays in bean beetle homogenates. The enhanced performance is attributed to the high surface-to-volume ratio, quantum confinement effects, and superior conductivity of the MQDs, as well as the robust enzyme immobilization facilitated by glutaraldehyde cross-linking and a chitosan matrix. This work presents a promising platform for rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of OP pesticides, with potential applications in environmental monitoring and public health protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smartphone-Integrated Electrochemical Devices for Contaminant Monitoring in Agriculture and Food: A Review.","authors":"Sumeyra Savas, Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi","doi":"10.3390/bios15090574","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios15090574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent progress in microfluidic technologies has led to the development of compact and highly efficient electrochemical platforms, including lab-on-a-chip (LoC) systems, that integrate multiple testing functions into a single, portable device. Combined with smartphone-based electrochemical devices, these systems enable rapid and accurate on-site detection of food contaminants, including pesticides, heavy metals, pathogens, and chemical additives at farms, markets, and processing facilities, significantly reducing the need for traditional laboratories. Smartphones improve the performance of these platforms by providing computational power, wireless connectivity, and high-resolution imaging, making them ideal for in-field food safety testing with minimal sample and reagent requirements. At the core of these systems are electrochemical biosensors, which convert specific biochemical reactions into electrical signals, ensuring highly sensitive and selective detection. Advanced nanomaterials and integration with Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have further improved performance, delivering cost-effective, user-friendly food monitoring solutions that meet regulatory safety and quality standards. Analytical techniques such as voltammetry, amperometry, and impedance spectroscopy increase accuracy even in complex food samples. Moreover, low-cost engineering, artificial intelligence (AI), and nanotechnology enhance the sensitivity, affordability, and data analysis capabilities of smartphone-integrated electrochemical devices, facilitating their deployment for on-site monitoring of food and agricultural contaminants. This review explains how these technologies address global food safety challenges through rapid, reliable, and portable detection, supporting food quality, sustainability, and public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative IC₅₀ Analysis of Puromycin-Induced Cytotoxicity in NIH/3T3 Cells Using a Multi-Well Array Impedance Biosensor.","authors":"Seok-Kyu Kim, SuGwon Nam, Moongyu Jang","doi":"10.3390/bios15090572","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios15090572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ECIS-based impedance biosensors have been extensively studied in various fields including cancer research, microbiology, and immunology. However, most studies have primarily focused on monitoring cellular behavior through impedance changes, with relatively less emphasis on interpreting the biological significance of impedance signals. In this study, we employed a multi-well array impedance biosensor to conduct IC₅₀ (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) analysis, a widely used metric for evaluating drug efficacy and toxicity in biological and pharmacological research. Specifically, we assessed the IC₅₀ values of puromycin, an aminonucleoside antibiotic known to inhibit protein synthesis. NIH/3T3 fibroblasts were exposed to various concentrations of puromycin, and real-time impedance monitoring was performed. Cell viability was assessed, and the IC₅₀ value of puromycin for NIH/3T3 cells was determined to be 3.96 µM using capacitance-based impedance analysis. Our findings demonstrate that the multi-well array impedance biosensor provides a rapid and quantitative method for drug toxicity evaluation, offering a valuable platform for drug screening and biocompatibility assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}