Biosensors-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Origins of Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) Determined Using a Hybridization Assay of Mitochondrial DNA on a Microfluidic Biochip.","authors":"Lin Wang, Christopher Oberc, Krzysztof P Lubieniecki, William S Davidson, Paul C H Li","doi":"10.3390/bios16040231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16040231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A hybridization assay based on the microfluidic biochip was developed to identify the origin of the Atlantic salmon species. Among the 215 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) sites found in the mtDNA of <i>Salmo salar</i>, we located five sites in devising our assay method. We found two sites that worked, while the others generated either insufficient signals or specificity. We have successfully identified the North American origin of the three samples, as confirmed by Sanger sequencing.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13115523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size Enlargement Enabled Functional Profiling of Extracellular Vesicle at Single-Particle Level.","authors":"Jia Yao, Xianyue Ji, Xingyu Tao, Ziyan Li, Shao Su, Xianguang Ding","doi":"10.3390/bios16040230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16040230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising biomarkers for liquid biopsy, but their clinical application is limited by intrinsic heterogeneity and the lack of methods capable of resolving functionally distinct EV subpopulations at the single-vesicle level. Conventional bulk analyses obscure rare but clinically relevant EV subsets, while most single-EV approaches focus on physical properties or surface markers, with limited access to intravesicular functional information. Here, we report a fusion-enabled EV detection strategy at the single-particle level for functional profiling of macrophage-derived EVs. Liposomal probes encapsulating L-arginine, NADPH, and a nitric oxide (NO)-responsive fluorescent dye are engineered to fuse with EV membranes, delivering substrates into the vesicle lumen. In macrophage-derived EVs, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) catalyzes NO production, activating the fluorescent probe and generating a localized signal within individual vesicles. Signal generation is confined to vesicle-restricted reactions, ensuring specificity and minimizing background. The formation of hybrid vesicles further facilitates optical detection using conventional fluorescence microscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13114643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal Phase-Space Dynamics Fusion for Robust Ischemia Screening: An Edge-AI Paradigm with SERF Magnetocardiography.","authors":"Keyi Li, Xiangyang Zhou, Yifan Jia, Ruizhe Wang, Yidi Cao, Jiaojiao Pang, Rui Shang, Yadan Zhang, Yangyang Cui, Dong Xu, Min Xiang","doi":"10.3390/bios16040228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16040228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myocardial ischemia (MI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and requires timely and reliable detection. Although Spin-Exchange Relaxation-Free (SERF) magnetocardiography (MCG) provides femtotesla-level sensitivity for identifying non-linear cardiac repolarization anomalies, its clinical deployment is currently impeded by the computational bottlenecks inherent to portable edge platforms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We propose a \"Sensor-to-Image\" Edge-AI framework that links quantum sensing with computer vision. Single-channel SERF-MCG signals from a large cohort of 2118 subjects (1135 Healthy, 983 Ischemia) were transformed into phase-space images using three distinct encoding modalities: Recurrence Plots (RP), Gramian Angular Summation Fields (GASF), and Markov Transition Fields (MTF). These visual representations were subsequently analyzed by a streamlined MobileNetV3-Small architecture, optimized for low-latency inference. To maximize diagnostic precision, an adaptive weighted fusion mechanism was engineered to combine the chaotic specificity captured by RP with the morphological sensitivity of GASF through a validation-optimized fixed global weighting strategy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our experiments, the fusion model achieved an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.865, which was higher than the 1D-CNN baseline (AUC 0.857) and the single-modality models. Notably, the fusion strategy significantly elevated sensitivity to 88.3% while maintaining a specificity of 66.5%. Although specificity is moderate, this trade-off prioritizes high sensitivity to minimize false negatives in pre-hospital screening scenarios. The average inference time was 4.7 ms per sample on a standard CPU, suggesting suitability for real-time Point-of-Care (PoC) scenarios under further on-device validation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that multi-view phase-space fusion can capture subtle spatio-temporal changes associated with ischemia. The proposed lightweight framework may support the development of portable SERF-MCG systems with embedded AI screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13113846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Portable Fluorometer for the Detection of Glyphosate.","authors":"Nathanael B Smith, Adrian S Rizk, Owen K Rizk, Shahir S Rizk","doi":"10.3390/bios16040225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16040225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide, but many current detection methods rely on lab-based chromatography, requiring costly equipment and expert users. Here, we describe a low-cost, field-deployable fluorescence biosensing platform for glyphosate detection in water and soil. An engineered variant of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> periplasmic binding protein PhnD was optimized through strategic fluorophore placement to produce a robust fluorescence signal increase upon glyphosate binding. The biosensor was integrated into a self-contained, 3D-printed device that functions as a miniature fluorometer, providing a simple yes-or-no output for non-expert users while retaining access to raw fluorescence data. The device exhibits nanomolar fluorescence sensitivity with results comparable to a benchtop fluorometer. Using this platform, glyphosate was reliably detected in buffered solutions, commercial herbicides, tap water, and soil extracts. To mitigate false positives arising from phosphate interference, we developed a dual-sensor strategy incorporating an independent phosphate biosensor and a second-generation device capable of multi-wavelength fluorescence detection. Together, these results demonstrate an affordable and versatile biosensing platform with strong potential for field-based environmental monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13115202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Robust and Multimodal PVA/Aramid Nanofiber/MXene Organogel Sensors for Advanced Human-Machine Interfaces.","authors":"Guofan Zeng, Leiting Liao, Zehong Wu, Jinye Chen, Peidi Zhou, Yihan Qiu, Mingcen Weng","doi":"10.3390/bios16040229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16040229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flexible and wearable electronics require soft sensing materials that balance mechanical compliance, stable signal transduction, and durability for human-machine interfaces (HMIs). To address the limitations of single-filler systems, we propose a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/aramid nanofiber (ANF)/MXene organogel (PAM) as a multifunctional soft platform. This design integrates a PVA physically crosslinked network with ANF for mechanical reinforcement and MXene for electrical functionality. The optimized PAM composite exhibits outstanding mechanical properties, including a fracture stress of 2931 kPa, a fracture strain of 676%, and a fracture toughness of 9.04 MJ m^-3. Importantly, PAM serves as a single material platform configurable into three sensing modalities. The resistive strain sensor achieves a gauge factor of 3.1 over 10-100% strain and enables the reliable recognition of human joint movements and gestures. The capacitive pressure sensor delivers a sensitivity of 0.298 kPa^-1, rapid response/recovery times of 30/10 ms, and is integrated with a wireless module to control a smart car. Furthermore, the PAM-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) delivers excellent electrical outputs (<i>V</i>_oc = 123 V, <i>I</i>_sc = 0.52 μA, <i>Q</i>_sc = 58 nC) and functions as a self-powered smart handwriting pad, achieving a machine-learning-based recognition accuracy of 97.6%. This work demonstrates the immense potential of the PAM organogel for advanced, self-powered HMIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13115146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Monitoring of the Mechanical Properties of Tobacco Cells Under Salt Stress by Double Resonator Piezoelectric Cytometry.","authors":"Taomin Zhou, Tiean Zhou, Zhicheng Kong, Chengfang Tan, Weisong Pan","doi":"10.3390/bios16040227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16040227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil salinity is a major abiotic stressor that constrains plant growth and development, yet the coordinated regulatory mechanisms underlying salt stress impacts on plant cell mechanical properties and the cytoskeleton remain elusive. In this study, tobacco suspension cells were employed as a model system. Combining mechanical measurements, fluorescence microscopy imaging, and bright-field morphological observation, we systematically characterized the dynamic response patterns of cell-generated surface stress (Δ<i>S</i>), cell viscoelastic index (<i>CVI</i>), microfilament cytoskeleton structure, as well as cell morphology and plasmolysis under NaCl stress ranging from 50 to 150 mmol/L. The results revealed three distinct response thresholds: 50 mmol/L NaCl treatment induced only transient Δ<i>S</i> fluctuations and mild plasmolysis, with no significant changes in <i>CVI</i> or microfilament fluorescence intensity, suggesting a safe tolerance threshold. The 75-100 mmol/L NaCl treatments triggered reversible \"rise-recovery\" mechanical responses in Δ<i>S</i> and <i>CVI</i>. The microfilament cytoskeleton showed minor structural adjustments, and plasmolysis increased gradually but remained reversible, defining this range as a reversible acclimation phase. The 125-150 mmol/L NaCl treatment caused an irreversible decline in Δ<i>S</i> (with a sharp instantaneous drop at 150 mmol/L). <i>CVI</i> variations diminished and stabilized after 6 h. The microfilament cytoskeleton suffered progressive disruption, as fluorescence intensity dropped to 1% of the control group at 150 mmol/L, accompanied by severe plasmolysis and protoplast shrinkage, indicating irreversible cellular damage. These findings demonstrate a concentration-dependent gradient effect of NaCl stress, highlighting tight coordination between mechanical properties, cytoskeletal integrity, and morphological adaptation. This work provides critical cytological insights into the molecular regulation of plant salt stress responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13114152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrocatalytic Activity of Electrospun Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Poly(3-aminobenzylamine) Composite for Detection of Dopamine in Human Urine.","authors":"Tharathip Khueanpech, Saengrawee Sriwichai","doi":"10.3390/bios16040226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16040226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A nanostructured sensing platform based on electrospun functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes/poly(3-aminobenzylamine) (FMWCNTs/P3ABA) was developed for the electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA) on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate. The electrochemical characteristics of the electrodes were investigated by chronocoulometry (CC) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) in phosphate-buffered saline solution containing K₃[Fe(CN)₆] as a redox mediator. The zeta potential analysis confirmed the presence of a stable surface charge that favors electrostatic interaction with DA molecules. The DA detection was performed in human urine by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) over a potential of -0.2 to 0.8 V and at scan rate of 5 mV s^-1, where the FMWCNTs/P3ABA nanofiber electrode exhibited a high sensitivity of 1.502 µA cm^-2 nM^-1, a linear detection range of 10-500 nM (R² = 0.992), and a limit of detection of 1.753 nM. The sensor exhibited stable and reproducible responses, and the fibrous composite effectively discriminated DA from common electroactive interferents, including ascorbic acid, uric acid, creatinine, and glucose. Furthermore, reliable dopamine quantification in human urine samples demonstrates the strong potential of the electrospun FMWCNTs/P3ABA composite nanofiber platform for practical bioanalytical and non-invasive sensing applications in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13115534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical Sensing of Dopamine with P-g-C₃N₄/ZIF-67/CPE Composite Electrodes.","authors":"Yan Deng, Yixin Liao, Teresa Murray, Shengnian Wang","doi":"10.3390/bios16040224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16040224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter and neuromodulator that regulates many critical brain functions. Accurate monitoring of its level is essential for neuroscience as well as the diagnosis and treatment of many brain diseases. In this work, we developed a new electrochemical sensor, comprising phosphorus-doped graphitic carbon nitride (P-g-C₃N₄) and zeolitic imidazolate framework 67 (ZIF-67), for dopamine detection. In this composite electrode material, ZIF-67 provides numerous adsorption and sensing sites, while P-g-C₃N₄ enhances overall electrical conductivity and stability. Cyclic voltammetry tests reveal the redox behavior of dopamine at the surface of the composite electrode across various pH values and scan rates. Using differential pulse voltammetry, the sensitivity and selectivity of this dopamine sensor were assessed, identifying a limit of detection of 0.39 nM. Further successful quantification of dopamine in urine samples suggests the potential practical use of this new composite electrochemical sensor for detecting dopamine and/or other neurotransmitters.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13115184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Electrochemical Profiling of Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids Using Esterification/Dissociation Fingerprints and Artificial Neural Networks.","authors":"Bing-Chen Gu, Guan-Ying Jiang, Ching-Hung Tseng, Yi-Ju Chen, Chun-Ying Wu, Zhi-Xuan Lin, Zhung-Wen Yeh, Chia-Che Wu","doi":"10.3390/bios16040223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16040223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are key biomarkers of gut microbiota activity; however, routine quantification in fecal samples relies largely on chromatography, which is instrument-intensive and throughput-limited chromatography techniques. Herein, we present a rapid machine-learning-assisted electroanalysis platform for SCFAs profiling that integrates a disposable three-electrode planar gold chip with voltammetric fingerprinting and artificial neural network (ANN)-based signal decoupling. To generate orthogonal chemical information and improve the discrimination of structurally similar species, a dual pretreatment strategy combining acid-catalyzed esterification and alkaline dissociation was employed prior to electrochemical analyses. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were employed to acquire high-dimensional fingerprints, from which current-, potential-, and area-based descriptors were extracted using a cross-information feature strategy. A hierarchical modeling framework improved total SCFAs prediction by incorporating ANN-predicted propionate and butyrate concentrations as auxiliary inputs. While linear calibration was achievable in standard mixtures, direct linear models performed poorly in real fecal matrices due to strong sample-dependent matrix interference. In contrast, the ANN captured nonlinear relationships among multifeature inputs and suppressed matrix effects. Validation against gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in an independent fecal test cohort (<i>n</i> = 30) demonstrated excellent agreement and low prediction errors, with mean absolute error/root mean square error values of 0.063/0.072 mM (propionic acid), 0.029/0.034 mM (butyric acid), and 0.135/0.202 mM (total SCFAs). The DPV/CV acquisition requires only minutes per sample, whereas pretreatment takes 1~3 h depending on the target route but can be performed in parallel for batch processing; thus, overall throughput is determined mainly by batch pretreatment rather than per-sample instrument time. This electrochemical-ANN workflow provides a portable, high-throughput alternative to chromatography for fecal SCFAs profiling in clinical screening and microbiome research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13114974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Glucose Biosensors.","authors":"Natalija German, Anton Popov","doi":"10.3390/bios16040222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16040222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global burden of diabetes continues to grow, and the disease ranks among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide; it is projected that by 2050, the number of people living with this disease will exceed 1 [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13113830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}