IET Electrical Systems in Transportation最新文献_第9页

Evaluation of an in situ QAM-based Power Line Communication system for lithium-ion batteries 用于锂离子电池的基于QAM的现场电力线通信系统的评估

IF 2.3 4区工程技术

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.1049/els2.12033

Mahyar J. Koshkouei, Erik Kampert, Andrew D. Moore, Matthew D. Higgins

{"title":"Evaluation of an in situ QAM-based Power Line Communication system for lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Mahyar J. Koshkouei, Erik Kampert, Andrew D. Moore, Matthew D. Higgins","doi":"10.1049/els2.12033","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12033","url":null,"abstract":"Power Line Communication (PLC) is used to transmit high-fidelity data on internal cell characteristics from within instrumented cells to an external Battery Management System (BMS). Using PLC is beneficial, as it avoids the need for a complex and heavyweight wiring harness within a battery. The use of advanced modulation, such as Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), is considered here. The existing experimental results of lithium-ion cell impedance characteristics for frequencies of 100 kHz–200 MHz are exploited in order to create a realistic battery model. This model is used to determine the effectiveness and optimal properties of PLC with QAM, as a means of in situ battery communication for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) in combination with a real-world dynamic drive profile. Simulations reveal that the performance of the PLC system is heavily dependent on the selected carrier frequency due to the significant changes in reactance and internal resistance of the lithium-ion cells tested. Furthermore, cells placed in parallel display a decreased performance compared with cells in series. The results highlight that the optimal carrier frequency for in situ QAM-based PLC for a lithium-ion battery system is 30 MHz, and that additional signal conditioning is required for 4-QAM and higher modulation orders.","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 1","pages":"15-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41656138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Combining electric vehicle battery charging and battery cell equalisation in one circuit 将电动汽车电池充电和电池均衡集成在一个电路中

IF 2.3 4区工程技术

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.1049/els2.12031

Huaxia Zhan, Haimeng Wu, Musbahu Muhammad, Simon Lambert, Volker Pickert

{"title":"Combining electric vehicle battery charging and battery cell equalisation in one circuit","authors":"Huaxia Zhan, Haimeng Wu, Musbahu Muhammad, Simon Lambert, Volker Pickert","doi":"10.1049/els2.12031","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12031","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicles (EVs) require an onboard battery charger unit and a battery management system (BMS) unit that balances the voltage levels for each battery cell. So far, both units are two completely autarkic power electronics systems. The circuit presented here operates as a battery charger when the EV is connected to the grid and as a voltage balancer when the EV is driving. Thus, the proposed circuit utilises two functions in one and therefore eliminates the need of having two autarkic units reducing complexity and reduction in component count. The proposed circuit operates as a flyback converter and achieves power factor correction during battery charging. The constant-current constant-voltage (CC–CV) charging method is employed to charge the batteries. However, to limit the number of sensors that will be employed as a result of varying cells during charging, the battery current is estimated using a single current transducer and embedding a converter model in the controller. The operation of the circuit is presented in detail and is supported by simulation results. A laboratory prototype is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed topology. Experiment results show that the proposed method provides an integrated solution of on-board charging and voltage equalisation.","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"11 4","pages":"377-390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47118643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Short-term load forecasting at electric vehicle charging sites using a multivariate multi-step long short-term memory: A case study from Finland 基于多元多步长短期记忆的电动汽车充电点短期负荷预测:芬兰案例研究

IF 2.3 4区工程技术

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation Pub Date : 2021-06-11 DOI: 10.1049/els2.12028

Tim Unterluggauer, Kalle Rauma, Pertti Järventausta, Christian Rehtanz

{"title":"Short-term load forecasting at electric vehicle charging sites using a multivariate multi-step long short-term memory: A case study from Finland","authors":"Tim Unterluggauer, Kalle Rauma, Pertti Järventausta, Christian Rehtanz","doi":"10.1049/els2.12028","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12028","url":null,"abstract":"This study assesses the performance of a multivariate multi-step charging load prediction approach based on the long short-term memory (LSTM) and commercial charging data. The major contribution of this study is to provide a comparison of load prediction between various types of charging sites. Real charging data from shopping centres, residential, public, and workplace charging sites are gathered. Altogether, the data consists of 50,504 charging events measured at 37 different charging sites in Finland between January 2019 and January 2020. A forecast of the aggregated charging load is performed in 15-min resolution for each type of charging site. The second contribution of the work is the extended short-term forecast horizon. A multi-step prediction of either four (i.e., one hour) or 96 (i.e., 24 h) time steps is carried out, enabling a comparison of both horizons. The findings reveal that all charging sites exhibit distinct charging characteristics, which affects the forecasting accuracy and suggests a differentiated analysis of the different charging categories. Furthermore, the results indicate that the forecasting accuracy strongly correlates with the forecast horizon. The 4-time step prediction yields considerably superior results compared with the 96-time step forecast.","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"11 4","pages":"405-419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49214709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Electrical vehicle grid integration for demand response in distribution networks using reinforcement learning 基于强化学习的配电网需求响应集成

IF 2.3 4区工程技术

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation Pub Date : 2021-06-11 DOI: 10.1049/els2.12030

Fayiz Alfaverh, Mouloud Denaï, Yichuang Sun

{"title":"Electrical vehicle grid integration for demand response in distribution networks using reinforcement learning","authors":"Fayiz Alfaverh, Mouloud Denaï, Yichuang Sun","doi":"10.1049/els2.12030","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12030","url":null,"abstract":"Most utilities across the world already have demand response (DR) programs in place to incentivise consumers to reduce or shift their electricity consumption from peak periods to off-peak hours usually in response to financial incentives. With the increasing electrification of vehicles, emerging technologies such as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and vehicle-to-home (V2H) have the potential to offer a broad range of benefits and services to achieve more effective management of electricity demand. In this way, electric vehicles (EV) become distributed energy storage resources and can conceivably, in conjunction with other electricity storage solutions, contribute to DR and provide additional capacity to the grid when needed. Here, an effective DR approach for V2G and V2H energy management using Reinforcement Learning (RL) is proposed. Q-learning, an RL strategy based on a reward mechanism, is used to make optimal decisions to charge or delay the charging of the EV battery pack and/or dispatch the stored electricity back to the grid without compromising the driving needs. Simulations are presented to demonstrate how the proposed DR strategy can effectively manage the charging/discharging schedule of the EV battery and how V2H and V2G can contribute to smooth the household load profile, minimise electricity bills and maximise revenue.","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"11 4","pages":"348-361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47907720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Voltage distribution indices method to analyse the performance of various structures of stray current collectors in direct current transit lines 直流输电线路中杂散电流收集器各种结构性能分析的电压分布指标法

IF 2.3 4区工程技术

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.1049/els2.12027

Ebrahim Zare Juybari, Reza Keypour, Mohsen Niasati

{"title":"Voltage distribution indices method to analyse the performance of various structures of stray current collectors in direct current transit lines","authors":"Ebrahim Zare Juybari, Reza Keypour, Mohsen Niasati","doi":"10.1049/els2.12027","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12027","url":null,"abstract":"The stray current produced by a direct current (DC) transit system leads to the corrosion of rails and metallic structures buried under and around the metro line. One practical approach to diminish current injection into buried structures is to implement stray current collectors underneath the rail. An analytical method is proposed herein using voltage distribution indices (VDIs) to calculate the voltage and current collection level of each collector located under the rail soil, and the solutions are validated by comparing with modelling results. The proposed method helps to achieve the voltage of different points under the ground and the current reaching the collectors using a circuit model, without facing the limitations of practical methods, as a supplementary study for experimental tests. Moreover, the effect of different arrangements of collectors under running rails is modelled. The analytical method is deployed considering two objectives, that is stray current collection by the conductors and a reduction in the installation cost of the conductors. Various arrangements of stray current collectors are compared and evaluated. Using integral and matrix equations, current density and potential at different points under the soil are calculated and the obtained results are compared with European (EN) standards.","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"11 4","pages":"322-332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44579191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Onboard energy storage in rail transport: Review of real applications and techno-economic assessments 铁路运输车载储能：实际应用和技术经济评估综述

IF 2.3 4区工程技术

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation Pub Date : 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.1049/els2.12026

Emanuele Fedele, Diego Iannuzzi, Andrea Del Pizzo

{"title":"Onboard energy storage in rail transport: Review of real applications and techno-economic assessments","authors":"Emanuele Fedele, Diego Iannuzzi, Andrea Del Pizzo","doi":"10.1049/els2.12026","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12026","url":null,"abstract":"Despite low energy and fuel consumption levels in the rail sector, further improvements are being pursued by manufacturers and operators. Their primary efforts aim to reduce traction energy demand, replace diesel, and limit the impact of electrified overhead infrastructures. From a system-level perspective, the integration of alternative energy sources on board rail vehicles has become a popular solution among rolling stock manufacturers. Surveys are made of many recent realizations of multimodal rail vehicles with onboard electrochemical batteries, supercapacitors, and hydrogen fuel cell systems. The ratings, technical features, and operating data of onboard sources are gathered for each application, and a comparison among different technologies is presented. Traction system architectures and energy-control strategies of actual multimodal units are explored and compared with literature research. Moreover, the maturity and potential of recent technologies and alternative topologies of power converters for multimodal traction systems are discussed. Ultimately, onboard storage systems are compared with other solutions for energy-saving and catenary-free operation, with particular focus on their current techno-economic attractiveness as an alternative to diesel propulsion.","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"11 4","pages":"279-309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43324582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Harmonic analysis of traction power supply system: case study of Addis Ababa light rail transit 牵引供电系统谐波分析——以亚的斯亚贝巴轻轨交通为例

IF 2.3 4区工程技术

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation Pub Date : 2021-05-21 DOI: 10.1049/els2.12019

Shimelis Atli Assefa, Asegid Belay Kebede, Demissu Legese

{"title":"Harmonic analysis of traction power supply system: case study of Addis Ababa light rail transit","authors":"Shimelis Atli Assefa, Asegid Belay Kebede, Demissu Legese","doi":"10.1049/els2.12019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/els2.12019","url":null,"abstract":"Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, inaugurated the first electrified light rail transitsystem 4 years ago in September 2015, which makes it the first of its kind in sub-Saharan and eastern African countries. The railway line has a total length of 34.25 km with 39 passenger stations and 19 traction substations. Currently, the performance of the traction power supply system degraded severely due to the existence of harmonics in the traction network. Realizing the above problem, the harmonic analysis of Addis Ababa light rail transit electrified power supply system is presented. The analysis is performed on one of the substations called ‘Lideta’ rectifier substation. To this end, mathematical modelling and analysis of the traction main components such as the catenary, the traction transformer, the traction rectifier and the load have been done. Finally, MATLAB simulation has been performed, and the result comes with a significant reduction in harmonic distortion, which is far below the 5% limits of IEEE standard.","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"11 4","pages":"391-404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109172719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of steady arm damper for electrified railway overhead contact line with double pantographs based on numerical and experimental analysis 基于数值和实验分析的电气化铁路双受电弓架空接触线稳定臂阻尼器研制

IF 2.3 4区工程技术

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation Pub Date : 2021-04-16 DOI: 10.1049/els2.12024

Wenping Chu, Yang Song, Fuchuan Duan, Zhigang Liu

{"title":"Development of steady arm damper for electrified railway overhead contact line with double pantographs based on numerical and experimental analysis","authors":"Wenping Chu, Yang Song, Fuchuan Duan, Zhigang Liu","doi":"10.1049/els2.12024","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12024","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the carrying capacity, double pantographs are normally used to collect the electric current from the catenary. The mechanical wave excited by the leading pantograph affects the contact of the trailing pantograph and the contact wire, which usually deteriorates the current collection quality. To address this issue, a steady arm damper is developed in this work to reduce the wave intensity caused by the leading pantograph. The catenary is modelled by Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation. The numerical simulations indicate that the steady arm damper with certain values reduces the contact force variation of the trailing pantograph. But overlarge damping may behave as a hard spot and aggravates the interaction performance. The acceptable steady arm damping should be lower than 300 Ns/m. The optimal value of the steady arm damping coefficient varies with the train speed. The realistic damping ratio should be determined based on the operating speed of a railway line. Based on the simulation results, several realistic steady arm dampers are developed, which are placed between the cantilever and the end of the steady arm. An experimental test is conducted to investigate the effect of the steady arm damper on the reduction of vibration caused by the dropping sinker. The experimental results demonstrate that the steady arm damper can reduce the mechanical wave amplitude and eliminate its effect on the trailing pantograph.","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"11 3","pages":"269-277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48371583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Performance enhancement of powertrain DC–DC converter using variable inductor 使用可变电感提高动力系DC-DC转换器的性能

IF 2.3 4区工程技术

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation Pub Date : 2021-04-09 DOI: 10.1049/els2.12014

Mebrahtom W. Beraki, João Pedro F. Trovão, Marina S. Perdigão

{"title":"Performance enhancement of powertrain DC–DC converter using variable inductor","authors":"Mebrahtom W. Beraki, João Pedro F. Trovão, Marina S. Perdigão","doi":"10.1049/els2.12014","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12014","url":null,"abstract":"Performance enhancement of a powertrain DC–DC converter is provided using a current-controlled magnetic device, the variable inductor (VI). The VI is composed of two groups of windings, main and auxiliary. The auxiliary winding is used to regulate the permeability of the magnetic core over a wide range of load variations. To regulate the saturation level of the magnetic core and avoid postsaturation operation of the power inductor, an appropriate level of auxiliary winding current is needed. To this end, a simple and dynamic strategy is proposed to estimate the auxiliary winding currents of the VI. The proposed approach is validated using simulation studies of a large-scale VI-based powertrain DC–DC converter. The results reveal the significance of the proposed approach in continuous regulation of the magnetic property of the power inductor core, enhancing powertrain DC–DC converter performance by up to 13.70% and reducing stress on switching devices by 17.87%. Furthermore, energy source current variation is reduced by 6.73%, leading to reduced stress on energy storage systems.","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"11 2","pages":"161-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48110360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

New trends in electric motors and selection for electric vehicle propulsion systems 电动机的新趋势和电动汽车推进系统的选择

IF 2.3 4区工程技术

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation Pub Date : 2021-04-09 DOI: 10.1049/els2.12018

Sreedhar Madichetty, Sukumar Mishra, Malabika Basu

{"title":"New trends in electric motors and selection for electric vehicle propulsion systems","authors":"Sreedhar Madichetty, Sukumar Mishra, Malabika Basu","doi":"10.1049/els2.12018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/els2.12018","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in the numbers of electric vehicles (EVs) is seen as an upgrading of the existing vehicles for various reasons. This calls for an in-depth analysis of the heart of these vehicles—the motor. A motor in an electric vehicle propulsion system is a crucial component that has the ability to affect the efficiency, weight, cost, reliability, power output and performance. Hence a detailed comparative study, that compares the existing types and topologies of various motors, is the need of the hour. The various motors that can be used in electric traction, namely DC, induction, switched reluctance, permanent magnet brushless AC motors and permanent magnet brushless DC motors, are reviewed in view of their capabilities with respect to EV propulsion. A detailed review is presented of existing motors and the application of power electronic techniques to EVs, and recommendations for some new designs of brushless DC motors. These include permanent magnet hybrid motors, permanent magnet spoke motors and permanent magnet inset motors.","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"11 3","pages":"186-199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109165943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0