IET Electrical Systems in Transportation最新文献

{"title":"Improvement of switched structure semi-active battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicles","authors":"Ihor Shchur,&nbsp;Ihor Bilyakovskyy,&nbsp;Valentyn Turkovskyi","doi":"10.1049/els2.12017","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Among new configurations of battery/supercapacitor (SC) hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) for electric vehicles (EVs), several can be united under the common name of ‘switched structure’. Their features are the ability to switch their structure during operation to direct power of a DC-bus from the battery or from the SC bank, as well as the use of a low-power DC–DC converter that connects both ESSs. Here, such a switched structure between battery/SC HESS was improved, which made it possible to obtain new operating modes. They expand the operating range of the SC bank, while the DC-bus voltage range remains relatively small. As a result, the installed capacity of the SC bank can be reduced by 50% without decreasing the available energy of the SC bank. An algorithm for the energy management system was developed according to the rule-based strategy that allows to choose one from the eight operating modes. The simulation of investigated EV operation with the proposed HESS was carried out during the transport cycle on a model developed through the energetic macroscopic representation approach. The simulation results are confirmed by experiments on a scaled-down experimental setup.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"11 3","pages":"241-255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57937722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of linear eddy current brakes for maglev train using an equivalent circuit method","authors":"Jun Liu,&nbsp;Wei Li,&nbsp;Lijun Jin,&nbsp;Guobin Lin,&nbsp;Yan Sun,&nbsp;Zhiwei Zhang","doi":"10.1049/els2.12016","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An equivalent circuit method (ECM) is developed to analyse the linear eddy current braking system (ECBS) of the maglev train. The distribution of eddy current in the rail is represented by dividing the rail into a series of small segments in which the current is assumed to be uniform. Each segment is described as an equivalent circuit with parameters of resistance and inductance. The circuit parameters, such as self-inductance and mutual inductance, are evaluated from the geometry parameters using an analytic method. The state equation derived from the circuit equations and the Newton's equations is solved using the Runge–Kutta method, from which the dynamic performance of the linear ECBS can be obtained. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed ECM are verified by comparing the results with the one obtained from the finite element method. By adopting the developed ECM, the influence of parameters, such as speed, the exciting current and air gap of the linear ECBS, are analysed. The variation law of the linear ECBS with parameters is roughly grasped.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"11 3","pages":"218-226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41618189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rebecca Todd","authors":"","doi":"10.1049/els2.12013","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12013","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Rebecca Todd was the deputy editor in chief of &lt;i&gt;IET Electrical Systems in Transportation&lt;/i&gt; and a member of the organising committee for the IET Power Electronics, Machines and Drives conference, leading the power electronics theme. Rebecca passed away suddenly in May 2020, cutting short a blossoming academic career in electrical power conversion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rebecca grew up in Chesterfield, as the daughter of Maria and Jeff and younger sister to Ryan. Rebecca's fascination with engineering became evident at an early age as she eschewed many of her toys in favour of Lego, Meccano and helping her father fix cars, thereby developing the practical skills that would prove invaluable throughout her career. Rebecca was the first in her family to attend university when she joined UMIST (now The University of Manchester) in 1997, studying electrical and electronic engineering. The course fuelled Rebecca's enthusiasm for practical power engineering and subsequently led to her undertaking an EngD at Manchester in the control of doubly-fed induction generators for wind power applications, which was sponsored by FKI Energy Technology and supervised by Mike Barnes and Sandy Smith. The project provided some excellent practical experience at DeWind in Lubeck on the north German coast, although the chilly temperature was a challenge. The research led to a very well cited paper on the analysis of different operating strategies for induction generator systems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;On completing her EngD, Rebecca joined the Rolls-Royce University Technology Centre in Electrical Power Conversion at Manchester as a research associate and played a major role in investigating DC power networks for future aircraft, leading to notable publications on the control of fault-tolerant generators, grey-box modelling of switched reluctance generators and the application and control of super-capacitors to manage system transients. Rebecca built a reputation as an excellent experimentalist and her work was characterised by thorough validation at representative power levels, typically up to 100 kW.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rebecca was appointed as a lecturer in electrical power conversion at Manchester in 2010 and was promoted to the post of senior lecturer in 2017. As an academic Rebecca's research mainly focussed on energy storage using batteries or super-capacitors. She played a major role in securing a multi-million-pound EPSRC capital grant for large-scale storage facilities, which included a 250-kW grid-linked lithium-ion battery system, high power battery testing equipment and a real-time grid simulator. Rebecca was leading much of the research based on these facilities, which included the stacking of multiple grid-support services, the coordination of multiple storage assets, hardware-in-the-loop validation, and battery degradation modelling.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rebecca's research also included investigating wide bandgap device applications for transport systems as part of the Converters Theme within the EPSRC Power Ele","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"11 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57937698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electric vehicle charging stations’ location in urban transportation networks: A heuristic methodology","authors":"Sebastian Torres Franco,&nbsp;Ivan Camilo Durán Tovar,&nbsp;Mónica Marcela Suárez Pradilla,&nbsp;Agustin Marulanda Guerra","doi":"10.1049/els2.12011","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The lack of public charging infrastructure has been one of the main barriers preventing the technological transition from traditional vehicles to electric vehicles. To accelerate this technological transition, it is necessary to elaborate optimal charging station location strategies to increase the user confidence, and maintain investment costs within acceptable levels. However, the existing works for this purpose are often based on multipath considerations or multi-objective functions, that result in taxing computational efforts for urban transportation networks. This article presents a heuristic methodology for urban transportation networks, that considers the deployment of the charging stations for coverage purposes, and the fulfilment of user preferences and constraints as two separated processes. In this methodology, a Reallocation Algorithm is formulated to prioritize the selection of Locations of Interest, and to reduce the number of stations with overlapping covering areas. The methodology results are compared to those drawn from a Greedy Algorithm based on a multipath consideration, in an extensive metropolitan transportation network. The results show that the proposed methodology significantly reduce the computational time required for solving the location problem, and furthermore, allows for similar results to those obtained when considering <i>k</i> = 2 and <i>k</i> = 3 deviation paths.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"11 2","pages":"134-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42678142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model predictive control for on–off charging of electrical vehicles in smart grids","authors":"Ye Shi,&nbsp;Hoang D. Tuan,&nbsp;Andrey V. Savkin,&nbsp;H. Vincent Poor","doi":"10.1049/els2.12010","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the next decade, a massive number of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) will need to be integrated into current power grids. This is likely to give rise to unmanageable fluctuations in power demand and unacceptable deviations in voltage. These negative impacts are difficult to mitigate because PEVs connect and disconnect from the grid randomly and each type of PEVs has different charging profiles. This paper presents a solution to these problems that involves coordination of power grid control and PEV charging. The proposed strategy minimises the overall costs of charging and power generation in meeting future increases in PEV charging demand and the operational constraints of the power grid. The solution is based on an on–off PEV charging strategy that is easy and convenient to implement online. The joint coordination problem is formulated by a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINP) with binary charging and continuous voltage variables and is solved by a highly novel computational algorithm. Its online implementation is based on a new model predictive control method that is free from prior assumptions about PEVs' arrival and charging information. Comprehensive simulations are provided to demonstrate the efficiency and practicality of the proposed methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"11 2","pages":"121-133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46511969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SRM power density improvement utilising rotor conducting screens and DC-link voltage boosting for EV applications","authors":"Aly A. Abdel-Aziz,&nbsp;Khaled H. Ahmed,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Massoud,&nbsp;Barry W. Williams","doi":"10.1049/els2.12012","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The power density enhancement of a four-phase switched reluctance motor using rotor conducting screens and DC-link voltage boosting for electric vehicle applications is studied. The effect of conducting screen thickness and material electrical conductivity on current rise time, developed torque, and output power is studied. Different screen shapes are compared that elicit the optimum screen design by formulating a multi-objective optimisation problem based on maximising the developed torque and efficiency and minimising added material weight. A double arm common switch converter with a DC-link voltage-boosting capacitors is deployed. The boosted voltage provided by the capacitors aids the winding current to rapidly build-up; thus, increasing the motor base speed, whence power rating. Finite element analysis results confirm the SRM drive's effectiveness in increasing the motor base speed and improving the torque range; hence make the power capability of SRMs to be competitive with an equivalent volume permanent magnet synchronous motor.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"11 2","pages":"148-160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49465220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of triple quadrature pad for wireless power transfer system of electric vehicles","authors":"Bita Esmaeili Jamakani,&nbsp;Ali Mosallanejad,&nbsp;Ebrahim Afjei,&nbsp;Alireza Lahooti Eshkevari","doi":"10.1049/els2.12008","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) system is an appealing approach among researchers as well as industrial manufacturers of electric vehicle (EV) charging systems. IPT can be used to transfer power through the air gap by generating a high-frequency current in the transmitter pad and inducing current magnetically in the receiver pad. A triple quadrature pad (TQP) has been proposed to enhance transferred power in larger misalignments and various air gaps. This pad excels in its previous three-coil structures by implementing a fewer number of inverters and lower dimensions compared to other similar structures. All these features result in a higher coupling coefficient in low misalignments and higher tolerance to misalignment in horizontal displacements. A laboratory-scale prototype has been designed and built for 26 kHz switching frequency and 150 mm air gap in order to deliver maximum power in different displacements. Simulations have been done by the finite element analysis (FEA) tool of ANSYS Maxwell. The prototype has been built to validate the simulation results.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"11 1","pages":"58-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43920985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental characterisation of active and non-active harmonic power flow of AC rolling stock and interaction with the supply network","authors":"Andrea Mariscotti","doi":"10.1049/els2.12009","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In AC electrified railways, there is a significant exchange of power at fundamental and harmonics in quite dynamic conditions. Harmonic patterns of AC rolling stock and railway networks are analysed in terms of active and non-active power flow, relating it to the characteristic of the network and to operating conditions, synthesised in the fundamental current intensity and speed. Herein, it is shown that correlation and clustering can separate distortion terms of internal and external origin also without a priori information. The use of harmonic power terms (product of voltage and current components) shows improved robustness with respect to the analysis of the voltage and current components alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"11 2","pages":"109-120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46775485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revampment of surface permanent magnet synchronous motor design for ameliorated torque profile in e-mobility applications","authors":"Anshul K. Mishra,&nbsp;Bharat S. Rajpurohit,&nbsp;Rajeev Kumar","doi":"10.1049/els2.12007","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-frequency audible noise and high-frequency vibrations (HFVs) in electrical vehicles are primarily caused by vibrations and ripples generated in the traction motor. The appositeness of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) has been boosting in traction applications due to their high energy density, compact size and high torque to weight ratio. A novel and step-by-step design of medium power, high speed, surface PMSM, suitable for e-bus or e-truck applications, with suppressed torque ripples, is presented. Initially, a conventional machine design approach has been used to design 100 kW PMSM. In the next step, the design has been ameliorated by making it a fractional slot winding machine to suppress the winding harmonics. Finally, the effect of the permanent magnet embrace size on the torque ripple has been investigated. A nonlinear relationship between the torque ripple and PMSM magnetic embrace has been developed. The developed relationship has been validated in the finite element model of the machine. Gradient-based nonlinear sequential programming has been used to find out the optimum magnetic embrace for the minimised torque ripple. The effectiveness of the optimised design has been revalidated in the FE software. The step-by-step design process described here can reduce the torque ripple by 85% of optimised design compared to the conventionally designed PMSM.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"11 2","pages":"99-108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48082092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A decentralized power dispatch strategy in an electric vehicle charging station","authors":"He Yin,&nbsp;Amro Alsabbagh,&nbsp;Chengbin Ma","doi":"10.1049/els2.12002","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, a decentralized power dispatch in a charging station serving electric vehicles (EVs) is discussed. The power dispatch problem is solved through a Stackelberg game in real time. In this game, the leader is the EV charging station (EVCS) while the followers are EVs. The preferences of the EVCS are designed as being self-sufficient, providing charging services to the EVs, and maintaining the energy level of the battery energy storage system (BESS), which are described through different utility functions. In addition, the preferences of followers are to maximize their EV charging powers. The learning algorithm utilizes the consensus network to reach the generalized Stackelberg equilibrium as the power dispatch among EVs in an iterative decentralized manner. Both the static and dynamic case studies in the simulation verify the successful implementation of the proposed strategy, the flexibility to uncertainties and the re-configurability to the number of EVs. It also has an excellent performance compared with the centralized benchmark strategy with criteria, that is, the average EV charging time, the number of charge and discharge rate of the BESS and energy exchange to the grid. Finally, a down-scaled experiment implementation is set up to validate the functionality and the effectiveness of the game theory-based strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"11 1","pages":"25-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48530026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}