Agricultural & Environmental Letters最新文献

{"title":"Machine learning on multi-spectral imagery to estimate nutrient yield of mixed-species cover crops","authors":"Tulsi P. Kharel,&nbsp;Heather L. Tyler,&nbsp;Partson Mubvumba,&nbsp;Yanbo Huang,&nbsp;Ammar B. Bhandari,&nbsp;Reginald S. Fletcher,&nbsp;Saseendran Anapalli,&nbsp;Deepak R. Joshi,&nbsp;Alemu Mengistu,&nbsp;Girma Birru,&nbsp;Kabindra Adhikari,&nbsp;Madhav Dhakal,&nbsp;Mahesh L. Maskey,&nbsp;Krishna N. Reddy,&nbsp;David E. Clay","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to estimate mixed-species cover crop (CC) biomass and nutrient contents using remote sensing, as ground-based measurements are time-consuming and costly. Eleven CC treatments with varying grass-legume proportions (GLP) were sampled, and nutrient contents were determined along with multispectral imagery captured during the first and fourth weeks of March and the fourth week of April 2023. Biomass N (<i>R</i>² = 0.46–0.60) and K% (<i>R</i>² = 0.41—0.71) decreased with increasing GLP. The chlorophyll absorption ratio index and the normalized difference vegetation index closely followed the biomass nutrients N, P, and K combined yield (Bio_NPK) trend. Machine learning algorithms random forest (RF) and partial least square (PLS) regression were better for biomass (<i>R</i>²= 0.74 with RF) and N% (<i>R</i>²= 0.72 with PLS) prediction compared to the Bio_NPK prediction. These results are crucial for scientists to devise appropriate analysis approaches for estimating the benefits of mixed-species CC.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drawdown of soil phosphorus by crop removal: A meta-analysis of 56 fields with interrupted fertilization","authors":"Luke Gatiboni,&nbsp;Amy L. Shober,&nbsp;Nicole Fiorellino,&nbsp;Deanna Osmond,&nbsp;Lauren R. Mosesso","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient applied as fertilizer in agricultural fields. However, excessive fertilization leads to P build up in soils, increasing its potential to cause environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to evaluate the average P drawdown rate of 56 sites with drawdown management presented in 14 publications. Soil test P (STP) results were converted to Mehlich-3 equivalent and resampling analysis was used to compare the annual drawdown rate in fields grouped by four initial STP classes. The STP was reduced by 4.3%–8.2% per year, depending on the initial STP class. It took from 8.4 to 15.9 years to reduce the STP by half. The resulting equations from this meta-analysis can be used by landowners to estimate the time needed for STP drawdown by cropping without additional P to achieve the desired STP concentration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Core Ideas</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Cropping without phosphorus (P) fertilization is one of the few options to reduce soil test P (STP).</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A meta-analysis of the annual P drawdown rate was performed using 56 sites presented in 14 publications.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Fields were grouped into four initial STP classes based on Mehlich-3 STP equivalent.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The STP was reduced from 4.3% to 8.2% per year in fields with high and low initial STP.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The time needed to reduce the STP by half varied from 8.4 to 15.9 years depending on the initial STP.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of gypsum applications and cover crop on soybean (Glycine max) elemental composition","authors":"Javier M. Gonzalez,&nbsp;Warren A. Dick,&nbsp;Dexter B. Watts,&nbsp;Khandakar R. Islam,&nbsp;Norman R. Fausey,&nbsp;Marvin T. Batte,&nbsp;Dennis C. Flanagan,&nbsp;Tara T. VanToai,&nbsp;Randall C. Reeder,&nbsp;Vinayak S. Shedekar","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) is the most important protein crop being produced globally. Sulfur is essential for enhancing its nutritional quality, particularly by increasing S-containing amino acids. Gypsum, which provides calcium and sulfur, and cover crops, which improve soil health and indirectly affect nutrient dynamics, are promising management practices for enhancing soybean nutrient content. A 5-year study across three US. locations evaluated the effects of surface-applied gypsum and cover crops of cereal rye (<i>Secale cereale</i>) on continuous soybean production. The objective was to evaluate the soybean nutrient composition affected by these practices across various soil types and climatic conditions. Findings revealed consistent increases in soybean sulfur content with gypsum application, regardless of cover crop use. Responses of other elements were site-dependent. In the case of cover crops, significant changes in element composition were observed mainly at the Ohio site.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nitrogen value of cover crops: How much N can cover crops replace?","authors":"Guillermo S. Marcillo,&nbsp;Resham Thapa,&nbsp;Steven B. Mirsky,&nbsp;Nicolas Martin","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>Achieving high corn yields while reducing fertilizer losses seems attainable through nitrogen (N) management decisions that include the use of cover crops (CCs). To determine whether CCs result in a net positive balance between N fertilization and crop utilization, we used US field trial data comparing corn systems with and without CCs, and estimated the amount of N fertilizer that CCs would replace and lead to equivalent grain yields under both systems. Overall, applying lower nitrogen rates to corn without cover crops resulted in similar or higher yields when legumes were used as cover crops (indicating positive nitrogen replacement in the amount of 62 kg ha⁻¹), but lower yields when grasses were used as cover crops (indicating negative nitrogen replacement in the amount of 24 kg ha⁻¹). Our results illustrate the benefits and trade-offs of integrating single CC species into a corn system, that is, reducing N inputs with legume CCs or supplementing N fertilizer to avoid possible grain yield penalties in the case of grass CCs. Quantifying the N replacement value of CCs would facilitate field-level recommendations and policy regulations aimed at promoting sustainable corn production in the United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Core Ideas</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Managing N fertilizer rates is essential for maximizing the benefits of legume and grass cover crops in corn-based systems.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>N fertilizer replacement of grass and legume cover crops was assessed based on data from field experiments in the United States.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Legume cover crops were found to positively replace N fertilizer; potentially reducing corn N inputs.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Grass cover crops were found to negatively replace N fertilizer; potentially requiring supplementary fertilizer to reduce corn yield penalties.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil depth distribution of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in the southeastern United States","authors":"Alan J. Franzluebbers","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Particulate organic matter may be an important component feeding soil microbial activity. This study described population-level statistics of particulate organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in predominately Ultisols across 181 farms throughout North Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia. Soil profiles were sampled under conventional-till cropland (<i>n</i> = 186), no-till cropland (<i>n</i> = 127), grassland (<i>n</i> = 322), and woodland (<i>n</i> = 171). Particulate organic C (g C kg⁻¹ soil) varied from 2.0 to 18.0 (5% to 95% distribution) at 0- to 10-cm depth, 0.4 to 3.9 at 10- to 30-cm depth, and 0.1 to 1.9 at 30- to 60-cm depth. As a proportion of total N, particulate organic N was 0.26 ± 0.10, 0.12 ± 0.09, and 0.08 ± 0.08 kg kg⁻¹ at 0- to 10-, 10- to 30-, and 30- to 60-cm depths, respectively. Particulate organic C was most dramatically affected at 0- to 10-cm depth, following the order: conventional-till cropland &lt; no-till cropland &lt; grassland &lt; woodland. Particulate organic N followed a similar order, except there was no difference between grassland and woodland. Particulate organic matter brings vitality to soil along a trajectory toward greater organic matter.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of cultural control practices and fertilization on snail abundance and peanut yield","authors":"E. S. Calixto,&nbsp;H. Singh,&nbsp;Silvana V. Paula-Moraes","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>The invasive land snail <i>Bulimulus bonariensis</i> has become a significant pest in the Southern United States. This pest poses a threat to various crops, including cotton, citrus, and peanut, leading to potential yield losses, irrigation issues, and food contamination. This study investigated the effects of tillage and calcium fertilization on snail populations in peanut. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four plot replications using the peanut cultivar Georgia 12Y. Treatments combined tillage methods with dolomitic lime or gypsum fertilization. The results showed that conventional tillage with the addition of dolomitic lime significantly reduced the number of snails compared to tillage plus gypsum, no-tillage plus dolomitic lime, and no-tillage plus gypsum. A slight increase in yield was noted in plots with tillage and gypsum application. These findings highlight the potential of tillage, especially when combined with dolomitic lime, as an effective strategy for managing <i>B. bonariensis</i> in peanut.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Core Ideas</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The invasive snail, <i>Bulimulus bonariensis</i>, poses a significant economic threat to peanut crops in Southeastern United States.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Tillage has been shown to significantly decrease adult snail population in peanut.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Conventional tillage combined with dolomitic lime reduced snail populations compared to other treatments.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142708192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of climate on varietal similarities across countries","authors":"Germán Puga,&nbsp;Kym Anderson","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>In recent decades, vignerons have focused more on the world's mainstream varieties than on differentiating their varietal mix. This has led countries to become more similar to each other in their mix of winegrape varieties and more varietally concentrated. What are the drivers of those changes? In this study, we focus on one of those drivers, that is, climate similarities. We estimate statistical models to quantify the potential influence of 16 climate variables on varietal similarities across countries, as well as on how their varietal mixes have become more or less similar since 2000. The results indicate not only that countries with more similar climates have more similar varietal mixes but also that in recent years countries with more similar climates have become even more similar in their mixes. This, however, does not necessarily mean that vignerons have been planting the varieties that are better adapted to their climates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Core Ideas</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Wine-producing countries have become more similar and concentrated in their mix of winegrape varieties.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>This similarity extends particularly among countries sharing similar climatic conditions.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>In recent years, countries with similar climates have continued to converge in their winegrape varietal mixes.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Nevertheless, vignerons have not necessarily been planting varieties that are better suited to their climates.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Our connections to soil health through simile","authors":"Alan J. Franzluebbers","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Healthy soil supports the global carbon cycle, the water cycle, and many nutrient cycles to stabilize ecosystems. We take these processes for granted, and yet, disruptions to these cycles would be devastating if soils became defunct and plants could not photosynthesize. As with the health of the human body to which we rely on to carry out our daily lives, so too does the health of soil give essential life to our world. Strong corollaries exist between the functioning of the human body and the soil body. This essay explores these two bodies through simile. Just as we wish others good health, so too should each of us (and society) wish a world with excellent soil health. A foundational pathway laid by strong science, but pitched to engage more of the public in this effort to foster better soil health might be through non-traditional impressionistic storylines.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When are you measuring soil β-glucosidase activities in cropping systems?","authors":"R. Michael Lehman,&nbsp;Shannon L. Osborne,&nbsp;Patrick M. Ewing","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In situ soil respiration is driven by annual patterns of temperature and soil moisture, but what about extracellular enzyme activities responsible for depolymerizing soil organic matter? We conducted biweekly measurements of potential soil β-glucosidase activities during a 4-month period from March soil thawing through July in annually cropped field plots in eastern South Dakota. Our objective was to determine the best sampling time to resolve the effects of crop rotational diversity on soil microbial activities. Potential β-glucosidase activities were elevated immediately following soil thaw, peaked in May, and declined to their lowest value in mid-summer. Temperature and precipitation had no value in predicting enzyme activities; however, enzyme activities were affected by crop rotational diversity and responded to current crop and previous crop. These findings are pertinent to the use of soil extracellular enzymes in soil health assessments and as indicators of microbial substrate preference with implications for soil carbon stabilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil organic matter characteristics of four soil types under different conservation strategies across Hubei Province","authors":"Wei Yang,&nbsp;Yangbo He,&nbsp;Xingsheng Song,&nbsp;Lirong Lin,&nbsp;Zhengchao Tian,&nbsp;Ying Zhou","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil organic matter (SOM) plays key roles in sloping land erosion control. This study explores SOM content across Hubei Province, China, focusing on four soil types under various conservation strategies. Field samples (<i>n</i> = 243) were collected under 27 monitoring sites employing diverse conservation strategies in runoff plots. Results indicated substantial variability in SOM content among soil types, with calcareous soils exhibiting the highest levels (12.63 g kg⁻¹). Conversely, red soils displayed the lowest SOM content (6.32 g kg⁻¹). However, short-term conservation strategies and their interaction with soil type did not significantly influence SOM. The findings underscore the intricate relationship between soil types and SOM dynamics. This study contributes to the understanding of SOM dynamics in diverse landscapes, offering valuable guidance for policymakers and land managers to apply practices in mitigating erosion and enhancing soil health.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142448994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}