Agricultural & Environmental Letters最新文献

{"title":"Toward an urban soil health index: Emerging indicators for exposure, function, and resilience","authors":"Anna A. Paltseva,&nbsp;Shams Rahman Rahmani","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Urban soils are among the most dynamic and human-impacted soil systems, yet most soil health frameworks remain rooted in agricultural assumptions, capturing fertility and structure while missing urban-specific concerns: contaminant exposure, extreme heterogeneity, thermal stress, and degraded ecosystem services. This commentary proposes an expanded framework organized around three domains, exposure risk, ecosystem function, and physical resilience, and argues for broader adoption of six emerging indicator categories: heavy metal bioaccessibility, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance, microplastics, soil thermal properties, ecosystem services, and antibiotic resistance genes. Each indicator should be normalized to a 0–1 scale and integrated into a composite urban soil health index calibrated to land use and management goals. Linking these urban-specific metrics with established frameworks improves cross-disciplinary continuity while acknowledging that cities require additional measures. A more complete indicator system can sharpen remediation priorities, guide urban planning, support food safety, and strengthen resilience in increasingly dense and climate-stressed cities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining agricultural science and economic knowledge to create behavioral change: A conceptual framework","authors":"Joshua M. Duke,&nbsp;Joshua M. McGrath","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This commentary develops a conceptual framework showing how economic research complements agriscience to influence farmer behavior and improve social outcomes. The first model—the workhorse profitability model—has economists estimate the on-farm costs and benefits of new agriscientific practices. Economic results often imply adoption processes that are more complex than agriscience alone suggests; for example, the most beneficial technologies may also be high cost and less profitable in the near term. The second model—the policy-problem model—examines how agriscience links on-farm practices to off-farm social problems and how economists design policies to align private incentives with public outcomes. This model also explains why recent economic research frequently identifies shortcomings in existing incentive-based policies and highlights policy innovations that expand the role of market-based solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thank you to Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70082","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Maintaining the editorial standards of a scientific journal is the primary task of the journal editors. Their task is made much easier with the help of colleagues who are invited to review manuscripts. Through their critical comments and helpful suggestions, these volunteer reviewers have done much to maintain and further the quality of research reported in &lt;i&gt;Agricultural Letters &amp; Environmental Letters&lt;/i&gt;. The members of the &lt;i&gt;Agricultural Letters &amp; Environmental Letters&lt;/i&gt; Editorial Board express their appreciation to the following individuals who reviewed manuscripts in 2025. Many of the reviewers listed below reviewed more than one manuscript. We extend our apologies and thanks to those reviewers whose names have been inadvertently omitted from this list.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Acharya, Pramod&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ackroyd, Victoria J.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adnan Kakakhel, Mian&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ahmed, Hesham A.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Baltensperger, David&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Baulch, Helen&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bhandari, Ammar&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bhatti, Sandeep&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Boddepalli, Venkata Naresh&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bryanin, Semyon&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Buda, Anthony&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Burke, Joseph&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bybee-Finley, K. Ann&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Caram Fernandez Villanueva, Nicolas&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Carlisle, Liz&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Carter, Arron&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cates, Anna&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chatterjee, Amitava&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chim, Bee Khim&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Christian, Paul&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cohen, Allen&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Culman, Steve&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Da Ros Carvalho, Henrique&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dai, Wei&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Danquah, Eric Owusu&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;de Camargo Santos, Aline&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;DeWitt, Noah&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dhanda, Sachin&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ducey, Tom&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Emmett, Bryan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Feyereisen, Gary&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Firth, Lexi&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Flaten, Don&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Foster, Mathew&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Franzluebbers, Alan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gagnon, Bernard&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ghosh, Rakesh Kumar&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Goettl, Brady&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gonzalez, Yaslin Gonzalez&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Grusak, Mike&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Guo, Mingxin&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gurau, Sanjita&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Haden, Ryan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hamberg, Ryan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;He, Yangbo&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;He, Zhongqi&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Heitman, Josh&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Helmers, Matt&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hodson, Amanda&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Holland, Jim&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hou, Zhenan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Huddell, Alexandra&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hummes, Ana&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jakku, Emma&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jha, Gaurav&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jimenez, Leticia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Joshi, Deepak&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Karcher, Doug&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Katuwal, Sheela&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kharel, Tulsi&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kimbeng, Collins&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kladivko, Eileen&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kouame, Jeremie&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kronberg, Scott&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Law, Quincy&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lewandowski, Ann&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Leytem, April&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lin, Xiaomao&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lindsey, Laura&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Liu, Jhih-Yun&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Locke, Anna&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Macrae, Merrin&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Margenot, Andrew&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mata, Ingrids&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;McSweeney, Kevin&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Miller, Perry&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Moghaddam, Jalal Javadi&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Moore, Matt&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mubvumba, Partson&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;O'Brien, Peter&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ojo, E. RoTimi&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Omara, Peter&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Osterholz, William&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pannell, David&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Parsons, Chris&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Peters, Thomas&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Peterson, Cara&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Peterson, Steven&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pires, Carlos&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Powar, Ranjit&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Prasad, Rishi&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Provin, Tony&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rakkar, Manbir&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Raman, Rahul&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Read, Quentin&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reed, Vaughn&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Richardson, Justin&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Richmond, Doug&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rogers, Christopher&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Roussey, Catherine&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ruark, Matthew&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ruis, Sabri","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines for handling living biostimulant products for seed treatment","authors":"Kevin D. Santiago-Morales,&nbsp;Jinny Yang,&nbsp;Marlana DeClaire,&nbsp;João Ferreira Reale Pereira,&nbsp;Maninder Pal Singh,&nbsp;Sarah L. Lebeis","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Commercial biostimulant products are gaining momentum among growers as a novel way to promote crop health and yield while reducing pesticide and chemical fertilizer application. Although preparation instructions vary across manufacturers and products, most biostimulant products that contain living organisms lack detailed handling guidelines to maintain their stability prior to application. Any accidental contamination during product preparation could therefore lead to decreased product effectiveness. In this proof-of-principle study, we tested how this contamination affects microbial composition over time. In the short-term, we demonstrate that products kept at room temperature are more reliable when applied within a day of preparation. While refrigerator storage provides the most product stability across years, we recommend ordering new products each year. Our findings show that storage practices directly affect living biostimulant product composition and therefore quality. These results provide growers and distributors with practical recommendations on handling biostimulant products to maximize their effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanization and downside income risk: Evidence from three Terai districts in Nepal","authors":"Krishna Sharma","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mechanization service markets allow smallholders to rent machinery, but their association with farm outcomes may vary by scale. Household data from three districts in Nepal's Terai are used to examine associations between mechanization, profitability, and downside income risk. Mechanization share is not significantly associated with net farm income per hectare among the smallest farms but is positively associated with profitability among intermediate-scale farms. Higher mechanization share is also associated with a lower probability of negative net farm income. These results suggest that service-based mechanization is associated with farm-level economic outcomes across farm sizes, including exposure to downside risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying nitrogen release behavior of enhanced efficiency fertilizers in rainfed cotton through field-based and combustion methods","authors":"Akash Shah,&nbsp;Kulpreet Singh,&nbsp;Satinderpal Singh,&nbsp;Nkem Nwosu,&nbsp;Anmoldeep Singh,&nbsp;Eajaz A. Dar,&nbsp;Ednaldo A. Borgato,&nbsp;Lakesh K. Sharma,&nbsp;Hardeep Singh","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effectiveness of enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers (EENFs) depends on how well the nitrogen (N) release synchronizes with crop demand. A 2-year (2024–2025) mesh-bag study was conducted to quantify N release from six N fertilizer sources under field conditions. The release trajectories were well described by three-parameter logistic model (<i>R</i>²&gt; 0.94). By 63 days after fertilization, urea + polymer-coated urea (PCU 43-0-0) in 50:50 ratio released the greatest proportion of total N, reaching 91% in 2024 and 86% in 2025. In contrast, PCU (42-0-0) released 46% in 2024 and 57% in 2025, whereas PCU (41-0-0) released the lowest across both seasons (37% in 2024 and 34% in 2025). The N release from the field-based method was significantly correlated with the combustion method (<i>r</i> = 0.958, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The findings of this study provide field-based information for selecting EENF source with a release pattern that better aligns with cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.) N demand.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legacy hexaconazole and tricyclazole residues hinder organic transition in paddy rice cultivation","authors":"Suin Cho,&nbsp;Hye-In Joe,&nbsp;Tae-Hwa Kim,&nbsp;Jong-Woo Park,&nbsp;Byeong-Jin Bae,&nbsp;Byeung-Kon Shin,&nbsp;Jeong-In Hwang","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Legacy pesticide contamination poses a critical barrier to organic certification of conventional rice farms. This 3-year study (2021–2023) investigated hexaconazole and tricyclazole persistence in paddy soil, water, rice aboveground biomass (AGB), and grain following foliar application of a premixed formulation to rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> subsp. <i>japonica</i>). Double-exponential modeling revealed biphasic dissipation patterns for both fungicides: rapid initial decline followed by a dominant slow phase (&gt;99%). Rice grain residues remained below maximum residue limits throughout the study; however, hexaconazole in AGB exceeded the animal feed limit (0.01 mg kg⁻¹) at the 2021 harvest. Both fungicides persisted in soil across all three growing seasons, while paddy water residues declined below quantification limits by the third year. These findings indicate that the current mandatory 2-year organic transitional period may be insufficient for farms with a history of hexaconazole and tricyclazole use, warranting extended conversion periods and compound-specific regulatory reassessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saffron aqueous extract effects on paraquat and glyphosate concentration in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) tissues","authors":"Hossein Hammami,&nbsp;Javad Kharkan","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herbicides such as paraquat (PQ) and glyphosate (GLY) pose ecological and public health risks because of their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity to aquatic organisms. This study evaluated whether aqueous saffron extract (<i>Crocus sativus</i> L.) can reduce PQ and GLY accumulation in common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>). Ninety-six fish were assigned to eight groups and exposed for 21 days to PQ, GLY, saffron extract, or their combinations. Residues in gill, intestine, and liver were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. PQ and GLY accumulated in a tissue- and time-dependent manner, with the highest levels in liver, followed by gill and intestine. By Day 21, PQ increased by 19%, 78%, and 88%, while GLY increased by 14%, 22%, and 46% in these tissues, respectively. Co-treatment significantly lowered herbicide residues, suggesting protective effects likely related to antioxidant and/or chelating saffron properties. These findings support saffron bioactive as potential natural mitigators of herbicide toxicity in aquaculture overall.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2025 Annual Report Agricultural & Environmental Letters","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global beef production: Trends, challenges, and opportunities for sustainable development","authors":"Nicolas Caram,&nbsp;Lynn E. Sollenberger,&nbsp;Marcelo O. Wallau,&nbsp;Adegbola Adesogan,&nbsp;Walter E. Baethgen","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sustainable livestock systems require managing trade-offs and synergies across productive, socioeconomic, and environmental dimensions to meet rising global beef demand. We present a biophysical framework to analyze how management-driven energy allocation is manifested through herd size and total and per-head beef productivity. Global and national beef production trajectories (1961–2021) suggest that post-2011 growth has been driven more by stock expansion (0.67% year⁻¹) than by productivity gains (0.46% year⁻¹), contributing to declining per capita beef production. Across regions (e.g., sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and northern South America), reallocating resources from herd expansion (∼2% year⁻¹) toward improving productivity of existing animals (over 900 million head currently operating below the global average of 48 kg carcass eq. animal⁻¹ year⁻¹) emerges as a key pathway to reconcile production and sustainability goals. While dependent on regional contexts, this strategy suggests a substantial opportunity to meet future demand and sustain per capita beef production.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148496785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}