Agricultural & Environmental Letters最新文献

{"title":"A dual tank precision sprayer to evaluate the interaction of 2,4-D choline and quizalofop-p-ethyl for control of volunteer corn in corn","authors":"Adam Leise,&nbsp;Mandeep Singh,&nbsp;Nicolas Cafaro La Menza,&nbsp;Stevan Z. Knezevic,&nbsp;Amit J. Jhala","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quizalofop-p-ethyl (QPE) can control glufosinate/glyphosate-resistant corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) volunteers in corn resistant to aryloxyphenoxypropionates (Enlist corn). Mixing QPE with broadleaf herbicides such as 2,4-D choline can be antagonistic. A new precision sprayer with a dual tank/boom system can apply two herbicides simultaneously through separate nozzles, potentially reducing chemical antagonism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction of QPE + 2,4-D choline applied via single tank or dual tank/boom system for controlling glufosinate/glyphosate-resistant corn volunteers in Enlist corn. Bin-run glufosinate/glyphosate-resistant corn was planted at 54,000 seeds ha⁻¹ to mimic corn volunteers. At 14 days after application (DAA), the dual tank/boom application of QPE (39 g a.i. ha⁻¹) and 2,4-D choline (1064 g a.e. ha⁻¹) achieved 85% volunteer corn control, compared to 70% control with single tank mix. The single tank application of QPE + 2,4-D choline was 7%–26% antagonistic until 28 DAA. Conversely, dual tank application of QPE and 2,4-D choline was additive. Although dual tank application of QPE and 2,4-D choline did not have transient antagonism (14 DAA), it was otherwise eliminated by 28 DAA using the higher rate of QPE (77 g a.i. ha⁻¹) in the tank mix. By 28 DAA, volunteer corn control was ≥92% across all treatments, with similar corn yield and no crop injury. The results suggest that a dual tank/boom system provided better volunteer corn control at 14 DAA; however, control was similar when using a higher rate of QPE (77 g a.i. ha⁻¹) with 2,4-D choline in tank mix at 28 DAA.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transferability of soil management assessment framework indices to detect best soil management strategies in tropical agroecosystems","authors":"Helen C. S. Amorim,&nbsp;Amanda J. Ashworth,&nbsp;Gerson L. Drescher,&nbsp;Mohkam Singh,&nbsp;Marcio R. Nunes","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil management assessment framework (SMAF) algorithms have not been validated for tropical soils, which can prevent proper SMAF-based soil health monitoring. This study tested SMAF's ability to detect soil health as affected by soil management practices in the Mid-South United States and Brazil for improving SMAF performance in tropical regions. Eleven SMAF studies published in Brazil (<i>n</i> = 166) and 56 from the Mid-South United States (<i>n</i> = 500) were compiled. Management groups were perennial (PER), no-till (NT), reduced tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT) systems. In the United States, SMAF soil quality index decreased as follows: PER ≥ RT ≥ NT = CT, while for Brazil, PER &gt; NT = RT = CT. Macroaggregate and microbial biomass carbon scores under CT were overestimated, resulting in nonsignificant differences between conservation and conventional soil management. Revision of organic matter and textural parameters is needed to improve SMAF utilization in tropical agroecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental release of a safener fenclorim from rice (Oryza sativa L.) following seed treatment","authors":"Jeong-In Hwang,&nbsp;Jason K. Norsworthy,&nbsp;Nanda Kumar,&nbsp;Tae-Hwa Kim","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>The safener fenclorim, effective in protecting rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) from the phytotoxicity of some herbicides, is regarded as a contaminant of emerging concern that may cause toxicological issues to ecosystems and humans who may consume the final harvested rice. This study investigated time-dependent environmental releases of fenclorim from rice seeds treated with the safener and insecticide with five different treatments. The treatment with fenclorim alone caused the greatest fenclorim releases from the seed, and the release magnitude was similar to the treatment that had fenclorim and insecticide in mixture. The fenclorim release was the least when treated with safener and insecticide in sequence. Based on the previous literatures, all fenclorim release magnitudes observed in this study were at toxicologically safe levels for various living organisms in the soil, and fenclorim residues determined in the final rice harvest were also safe levels below the instrumentally detectable level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Core Ideas</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Seed treatment with safener alone causes the largest fenclorim release to environments.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Seed treatment with safener and insecticide in sequence minimizes fenclorim releases.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Fenclorim residues in the final rice harvest were below the detectable level.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The fenclorim used will not cause residual issues in the ecosystem and harvested rice.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphate elution from anion-exchange membranes in soil analysis","authors":"Suwei Xu,&nbsp;Andrew J. Margenot","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Resin-extractable phosphate (PO₄-P) is a widespread sink-based measure of soil bioavailable phosphorus (P) used in biogeochemistry and soil fertility. However, acid elution of P may hydrolyze organic P and thus compromise measurement of PO₄-P. We evaluated sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) as an alternative to sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) for PO₄-P elution. We found 0.5 M NaHCO₃ achieved ≈100% PO₄-P recovery at higher initial PO₄-P concentrations (20 and 30 mg P/L), compared to 95%–98% with 0.25 M H₂SO₄. For 24 soil samples representing all 12 USDA soil orders, NaHCO₃ elution yielded 9.6% higher resin extractable PO₄-P than H₂SO₄. Additionally, the PO₄-P remaining in water extract after resin removal (H₂O_re-PO₄) was consistently quantifiable, and constituted up to 46% of total extractable PO₄-P. These results demonstrate (i) NaHCO₃ is a more effective eluent for resin extractable P than H₂SO₄, and (ii) H₂O_re-PO₄ should be quantified when measuring resin extractable P.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning on multi-spectral imagery to estimate nutrient yield of mixed-species cover crops","authors":"Tulsi P. Kharel,&nbsp;Heather L. Tyler,&nbsp;Partson Mubvumba,&nbsp;Yanbo Huang,&nbsp;Ammar B. Bhandari,&nbsp;Reginald S. Fletcher,&nbsp;Saseendran Anapalli,&nbsp;Deepak R. Joshi,&nbsp;Alemu Mengistu,&nbsp;Girma Birru,&nbsp;Kabindra Adhikari,&nbsp;Madhav Dhakal,&nbsp;Mahesh L. Maskey,&nbsp;Krishna N. Reddy,&nbsp;David E. Clay","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to estimate mixed-species cover crop (CC) biomass and nutrient contents using remote sensing, as ground-based measurements are time-consuming and costly. Eleven CC treatments with varying grass-legume proportions (GLP) were sampled, and nutrient contents were determined along with multispectral imagery captured during the first and fourth weeks of March and the fourth week of April 2023. Biomass N (<i>R</i>² = 0.46–0.60) and K% (<i>R</i>² = 0.41—0.71) decreased with increasing GLP. The chlorophyll absorption ratio index and the normalized difference vegetation index closely followed the biomass nutrients N, P, and K combined yield (Bio_NPK) trend. Machine learning algorithms random forest (RF) and partial least square (PLS) regression were better for biomass (<i>R</i>²= 0.74 with RF) and N% (<i>R</i>²= 0.72 with PLS) prediction compared to the Bio_NPK prediction. These results are crucial for scientists to devise appropriate analysis approaches for estimating the benefits of mixed-species CC.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drawdown of soil phosphorus by crop removal: A meta-analysis of 56 fields with interrupted fertilization","authors":"Luke Gatiboni,&nbsp;Amy L. Shober,&nbsp;Nicole Fiorellino,&nbsp;Deanna Osmond,&nbsp;Lauren R. Mosesso","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient applied as fertilizer in agricultural fields. However, excessive fertilization leads to P build up in soils, increasing its potential to cause environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to evaluate the average P drawdown rate of 56 sites with drawdown management presented in 14 publications. Soil test P (STP) results were converted to Mehlich-3 equivalent and resampling analysis was used to compare the annual drawdown rate in fields grouped by four initial STP classes. The STP was reduced by 4.3%–8.2% per year, depending on the initial STP class. It took from 8.4 to 15.9 years to reduce the STP by half. The resulting equations from this meta-analysis can be used by landowners to estimate the time needed for STP drawdown by cropping without additional P to achieve the desired STP concentration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Core Ideas</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Cropping without phosphorus (P) fertilization is one of the few options to reduce soil test P (STP).</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A meta-analysis of the annual P drawdown rate was performed using 56 sites presented in 14 publications.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Fields were grouped into four initial STP classes based on Mehlich-3 STP equivalent.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The STP was reduced from 4.3% to 8.2% per year in fields with high and low initial STP.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The time needed to reduce the STP by half varied from 8.4 to 15.9 years depending on the initial STP.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of gypsum applications and cover crop on soybean (Glycine max) elemental composition","authors":"Javier M. Gonzalez,&nbsp;Warren A. Dick,&nbsp;Dexter B. Watts,&nbsp;Khandakar R. Islam,&nbsp;Norman R. Fausey,&nbsp;Marvin T. Batte,&nbsp;Dennis C. Flanagan,&nbsp;Tara T. VanToai,&nbsp;Randall C. Reeder,&nbsp;Vinayak S. Shedekar","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) is the most important protein crop being produced globally. Sulfur is essential for enhancing its nutritional quality, particularly by increasing S-containing amino acids. Gypsum, which provides calcium and sulfur, and cover crops, which improve soil health and indirectly affect nutrient dynamics, are promising management practices for enhancing soybean nutrient content. A 5-year study across three US. locations evaluated the effects of surface-applied gypsum and cover crops of cereal rye (<i>Secale cereale</i>) on continuous soybean production. The objective was to evaluate the soybean nutrient composition affected by these practices across various soil types and climatic conditions. Findings revealed consistent increases in soybean sulfur content with gypsum application, regardless of cover crop use. Responses of other elements were site-dependent. In the case of cover crops, significant changes in element composition were observed mainly at the Ohio site.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nitrogen value of cover crops: How much N can cover crops replace?","authors":"Guillermo S. Marcillo,&nbsp;Resham Thapa,&nbsp;Steven B. Mirsky,&nbsp;Nicolas Martin","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>Achieving high corn yields while reducing fertilizer losses seems attainable through nitrogen (N) management decisions that include the use of cover crops (CCs). To determine whether CCs result in a net positive balance between N fertilization and crop utilization, we used US field trial data comparing corn systems with and without CCs, and estimated the amount of N fertilizer that CCs would replace and lead to equivalent grain yields under both systems. Overall, applying lower nitrogen rates to corn without cover crops resulted in similar or higher yields when legumes were used as cover crops (indicating positive nitrogen replacement in the amount of 62 kg ha⁻¹), but lower yields when grasses were used as cover crops (indicating negative nitrogen replacement in the amount of 24 kg ha⁻¹). Our results illustrate the benefits and trade-offs of integrating single CC species into a corn system, that is, reducing N inputs with legume CCs or supplementing N fertilizer to avoid possible grain yield penalties in the case of grass CCs. Quantifying the N replacement value of CCs would facilitate field-level recommendations and policy regulations aimed at promoting sustainable corn production in the United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Core Ideas</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Managing N fertilizer rates is essential for maximizing the benefits of legume and grass cover crops in corn-based systems.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>N fertilizer replacement of grass and legume cover crops was assessed based on data from field experiments in the United States.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Legume cover crops were found to positively replace N fertilizer; potentially reducing corn N inputs.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Grass cover crops were found to negatively replace N fertilizer; potentially requiring supplementary fertilizer to reduce corn yield penalties.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil depth distribution of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in the southeastern United States","authors":"Alan J. Franzluebbers","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Particulate organic matter may be an important component feeding soil microbial activity. This study described population-level statistics of particulate organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in predominately Ultisols across 181 farms throughout North Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia. Soil profiles were sampled under conventional-till cropland (<i>n</i> = 186), no-till cropland (<i>n</i> = 127), grassland (<i>n</i> = 322), and woodland (<i>n</i> = 171). Particulate organic C (g C kg⁻¹ soil) varied from 2.0 to 18.0 (5% to 95% distribution) at 0- to 10-cm depth, 0.4 to 3.9 at 10- to 30-cm depth, and 0.1 to 1.9 at 30- to 60-cm depth. As a proportion of total N, particulate organic N was 0.26 ± 0.10, 0.12 ± 0.09, and 0.08 ± 0.08 kg kg⁻¹ at 0- to 10-, 10- to 30-, and 30- to 60-cm depths, respectively. Particulate organic C was most dramatically affected at 0- to 10-cm depth, following the order: conventional-till cropland &lt; no-till cropland &lt; grassland &lt; woodland. Particulate organic N followed a similar order, except there was no difference between grassland and woodland. Particulate organic matter brings vitality to soil along a trajectory toward greater organic matter.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of cultural control practices and fertilization on snail abundance and peanut yield","authors":"E. S. Calixto,&nbsp;H. Singh,&nbsp;Silvana V. Paula-Moraes","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>The invasive land snail <i>Bulimulus bonariensis</i> has become a significant pest in the Southern United States. This pest poses a threat to various crops, including cotton, citrus, and peanut, leading to potential yield losses, irrigation issues, and food contamination. This study investigated the effects of tillage and calcium fertilization on snail populations in peanut. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four plot replications using the peanut cultivar Georgia 12Y. Treatments combined tillage methods with dolomitic lime or gypsum fertilization. The results showed that conventional tillage with the addition of dolomitic lime significantly reduced the number of snails compared to tillage plus gypsum, no-tillage plus dolomitic lime, and no-tillage plus gypsum. A slight increase in yield was noted in plots with tillage and gypsum application. These findings highlight the potential of tillage, especially when combined with dolomitic lime, as an effective strategy for managing <i>B. bonariensis</i> in peanut.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Core Ideas</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The invasive snail, <i>Bulimulus bonariensis</i>, poses a significant economic threat to peanut crops in Southeastern United States.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Tillage has been shown to significantly decrease adult snail population in peanut.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Conventional tillage combined with dolomitic lime reduced snail populations compared to other treatments.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142708192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}