Agricultural & Environmental Letters最新文献

{"title":"Preliminary assessment of crushed rock, compost, and biochar amendments on soil physical properties","authors":"Sarah A. Costanzo,&nbsp;Iris O. Holzer,&nbsp;Nall I. Moonilall,&nbsp;Amber Davenport,&nbsp;Benjamin Z. Houlton,&nbsp;Mallika A. Nocco","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>Innovative carbon dioxide removal strategies using soil amendments like crushed silicate rock may alter soil structure and function by inducing changes in soil mineralogy. We hypothesized that crushed silicate rock would improve soil physical properties. This study investigated how stand-alone and combined application of crushed metabasalt and olivine rock (40.3 and 26.9 Mg ha⁻¹), compost (9 Mg ha⁻¹), and biochar (10 Mg ha⁻¹) influenced soil physical health over a 2-year drought period in a Northern California corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) cropping system. Rock-amended soils exhibited greater aggregate stability, up to 400% greater hydraulic conductivity, and up to 21% lower penetration resistance following 3 years of repeated application, with no changes in texture or plant-available water. Co-application of organic amendments yielded no additional benefits compared to rock alone, but usually improved physical properties compared to the unamended control. Long-term studies are needed to gauge the rate and persistence of these improvements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Core Ideas</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Enhanced rock weathering harnesses weathering reactions to remove atmospheric carbon dioxide via soil and water.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The impacts of crushed silicate rock amendments on soil physical properties over time remain unclear.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Rock-amended soils showed evidence of structural and hydraulic improvement following three annual applications.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Biochar enhanced soil physical quality alone and in combination with compost.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Future work should assess co-benefits and tradeoffs associated with silicate rock application on cropland soils.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for non-primary macronutrient limitations on cherry yields in young robusta agroforestry systems in the Ecuadorian Amazon","authors":"Chase S. Kasmerchak,&nbsp;Jordon Wade,&nbsp;Eduardo Chavez,&nbsp;Carlos Caicedo,&nbsp;Cristian Subía,&nbsp;Andrew J. Margenot","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Robusta (<i>Coffea canephora</i> Pierre ex Froehner) is a vital cash crop for smallholder farmers in the Ecuadorian Amazon. However, fertility recommendations for robusta production are highly variable across contexts, necessitating regionally tailored recommendations to better diagnose yield-limiting nutrients. Across a gradient of input intensities and agroforestry reflective of local practices, we employed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to identify which soil fertility measures and leaf nutrients best explained robusta yields across replicated management system treatments in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Leaf nutrients, particularly calcium and magnesium, were stronger and more parsimonious predictors of yields than soil inorganic nitrogen and Mehlich-3 extractable phosphorus and potassium. Although the LASSO model provided reasonable yield estimates (<i>R</i>² = 0.74; root mean square error = 0.23 kg tree⁻¹), model underestimation of yields &gt;1.0 kg tree⁻¹ suggests that other factor(s) not captured by soil and foliar nutrient measures may limit cherry production in higher-yielding systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biostimulant or biological? The complexity of defining, categorizing, and regulating microbial inoculants","authors":"Connor N. Sible,&nbsp;Juliann R. Seebauer,&nbsp;Frederick E. Below","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agronomic use of specialty products known as biostimulants to improve crop productivity is growing. Traditionally, biostimulants are defined as any substance or microorganism applied to plants to enhance nutrient use efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stress, and crop yield and/or quality. However, grouping non-living products with living microbial inoculants poses regulatory guideline challenges. Moreover, peer-reviewed literature and regulatory legislation utilize “biostimulants” while industry and farmers have recently adopted the term “biologicals,” confusing discussions related to product regulation and policy. To better understand the challenges associated with this input sector, we have focused on four critical aspects: (1) the current regulatory status, (2) terminology disparity of biostimulants and biologicals, (3) key attributes that distinguish microorganisms from non-living biostimulants, and (4) mechanism of action differences between plant growth-promoting microorganisms and plant growth regulators. Therefore, we propose that living beneficial microorganisms and non-living biostimulants be separated with distinct regulatory requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do fields with elevated soil test phosphorus disproportionately contribute to Western Lake Erie Basin dissolved phosphorus loading?","authors":"Emily N. Byers,&nbsp;Laura T. Johnson,&nbsp;Kevin W. King,&nbsp;Chad J. Penn,&nbsp;Mark R. Williams","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>Crop production fields with elevated soil test phosphorus (STP) concentrations are often purported as the primary contributor to dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) loads in the Western Lake Erie Basin (WLEB). Annual DRP loading from 41 fields categorized into low/medium (&lt;75 mg kg⁻¹), high (75–150 mg kg⁻¹), and very high (&gt;300 mg kg⁻¹) STP were upscaled using three scenarios (i.e., 5%, 10%, and 20% of fields contained STP &gt; 75 mg kg⁻¹). An estimated 34% (±10%) of DRP loading originated from elevated STP fields when assuming 10% of the WLEB had STP &gt; 75 mg kg⁻¹. Assuming 5% of the WLEB had STP &gt; 75 mg kg⁻¹, the contribution reduced to 17% (±5%). Elevated STP fields disproportionately contribute to WLEB DRP loads but are not the dominant source leading to harmful and nuisance algal blooms. Targeted upland (e.g., nutrient management) and edge-of-field (e.g., P removal structures) practices are needed across the broad spectrum of STP concentrations to meet loading goals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Core Ideas</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Elevated soil test phosphorus (STP: &gt;75 mg kg⁻¹) disproportionately influenced dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) loads.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A majority of the DRP load in the Western Lake Erie Basin (WLEB) originated in fields with STP &lt;75 mg kg⁻¹.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The low occurrence of very high STP (&gt;300 mg kg⁻¹) fields limited their contribution to WLEB DRP loads.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Targeted upland and edge-of-field conservation practices are required across a broad spectrum of STP.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radioisotopic labeling reveals inaccuracy of phosphorus use efficiency of ammonium phosphate fertilizers calculated by the difference method","authors":"Andrew J. Margenot,&nbsp;Neha Chatterjee,&nbsp;Chongyang Li","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Management of phosphorus (P) inputs to agroecosystems is often evaluated by phosphorus use efficiency (PUE), but different calculation approaches may yield discrepancies in estimated PUE values. We evaluated PUE (i) indirectly calculated by difference in crop P uptake between a P-fertilized versus a P-unfertilized control (PUE_diff) and (ii) directly measured by tracing radioisotopically labeled fertilizer P (PUE_isotope). Using two ammonium phosphate fertilizers of high (monoammonium phosphate [MAP]) and low (struvite) water solubility in three soils with non-limiting extractable soil P concentrations (Mehlich-3 P &gt; 25 mg kg⁻¹), we find dissimilar PUE_isotope versus PUE_diff. PUE_diff often yielded negative values (77% of observations), whereas PUE_isotope was (i) positive and (ii) higher (two- to fourfold) for MAP than struvite, and (iii) unassociated with soil Mehlich-3 P concentrations. Thus, PUE_diff appears to underestimate PUE and miss differences in PUE among fertilizerss. Our results raise the need to reconsider calculation of PUE and to address practical challenges to in situ measurement of PUE_isotope.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge graph applications for identifying resilient forage systems","authors":"Amanda J. Ashworth,&nbsp;Alicia Tyson,&nbsp;Timothy Propst,&nbsp;Logan Marshall,&nbsp;Chengkai Li,&nbsp;Jeff J. Volenec,&nbsp;Marisol T. Berti,&nbsp;Valentin Picasso,&nbsp;Jamie L. Foster,&nbsp;Jianzhong Su","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Knowledge Graphs organize and connect disparate data for integrating information in a user-friendly interface for recommendations and applications. This analytical tool for supporting data interrogation has not been widely applied in agronomy. This article focuses on Knowledge Graph applicability and specifically the utility of the recently released Esri ArcGIS Knowledge platform for identifying system resilience using a community-driven database (<i>Forage Data Hub</i>; 52,997 entries from 108 unique locations over 51 years) comprising legacy datasets encompassing multiple temporal and spatial scales. Overall, perennial systems had greater drought risk resilience estimates (DRRE) than annuals, with alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) having a “very high” DRRE across ecoregions. Knowledge Graphs provided information on how geography and agronomic systems interact to impact resilience. Results can be used to design agricultural systems within specific geographic locations with greater resilience and stability in the face of a changing climate per geographic region.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pasture cropping and keyline plow as strategies to mitigate compaction in clay soils in Vermont","authors":"Berdakh Utemuratov,&nbsp;Juan P. Alvez,&nbsp;Paliza Shrestha,&nbsp;Joshua W. Faulkner","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Field plot experiments were conducted over 3 years at two farm sites in Vermont to evaluate the effects of mechanical subsoiling and three pasture cropping mixes on soil compaction across rotationally grazed pasturelands with contrasting management histories in Vermont. Penetration resistance was measured across the 0–45.7 cm profile using both profile-level and depth-stratified analyses. Among the biological treatments, the sudangrass-based mix achieved the greatest compaction alleviation, particularly at the site with higher initial severity. At the northern site (Health Hero [HH] Farm), this mix produced significantly lower median penetration resistance (1.59 MPa) and a narrower interquartile range (0.93 MPa) than other treatments, indicating more uniform soil improvement. At the southern site (Philo Ridge [PR] Farm), keyline plowing resulted in the lowest median resistance (1.41 MPa) but showed greater variability across replicates. Depth-wise trends revealed that biological mixes, particularly the sudangrass-based mix, provided consistent alleviation across soil layers. These findings highlight the value of biologically tailored strategies not only for reducing compaction but also for achieving spatially uniform soil structure recovery. Tailoring species composition to compaction depth offers a practical and lower disturbance alternative to mechanical tillage for improving pasture systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of long-term tillage and fertilization on soil carbon stock and aggregate stability in tropical agriculture","authors":"Phongsakon Tantarawongsa,&nbsp;Amnat Chidthaisong,&nbsp;Surachet Aramrak,&nbsp;Kazuyuki Yagi,&nbsp;Sudarut Tripetchkul,&nbsp;Patikorn Sriphirom,&nbsp;Wattanai Onsamrarn,&nbsp;Wanida Nobuntou,&nbsp;Wanlee Amornpon","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the effects of tillage and fertilization on the changes of soil organic carbon (SOC) stock in a 46-year long-term field experiment in Thailand. The economic cropping system was maize–mung bean rotation. The experiment treatments included plots with tillage, no tillage, chemical fertilizer, organic amendment, and combination of chemical and organic fertilizer. No-tillage significantly increased soil aggregate stability (water-stable aggregates [WSA], mean weight diameter, and geometric mean diameter). However, only rice straw applications enhanced WSA. SOC stocks of the same soil mass ranged from 21.7 to 40.1 Mg C ha⁻¹. The highest SOC stock (40.1 Mg C ha⁻¹) and sequestration rate (0.40 Mg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) were observed in no-tillage plots with cow dung and chemical fertilizer. These findings underscore the significant potential of integrated practices involving no-tillage and organic amendments to improve soil structure and carbon sequestration in tropical agricultural systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Core Ideas</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Long-term tillage practice decreased soil aggregate stability.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Crop residue incorporation preserved soil aggregate stability and increased soil organic carbon (SOC) stock.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>No-till supplemented with chemical fertilizer and cow dung enhanced SOC stock.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The value and broader impacts of agricultural and environmental scientific meetings","authors":"Aaron Lee M. Daigh,&nbsp;Samira H. Daroub,&nbsp;Peter M. Kyveryga,&nbsp;Mark E. Sorrells,&nbsp;James A. Ippolito,&nbsp;Endy Kailer,&nbsp;Shannon L. Osborne,&nbsp;Felix B. Fritschi,&nbsp;Wade E. Thomason,&nbsp;Ronald F. Turco,&nbsp;Michael A. Grusak,&nbsp;Carrie A. M. Laboski,&nbsp;Seth C. Murray,&nbsp;Kimberly A. Garland-Campbell,&nbsp;Joann K. Whalen,&nbsp;Kristen S. Veum,&nbsp;Nathan Ehresman,&nbsp;Zoe Brindley,&nbsp;James M. Cudahy","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The socioeconomic value of content presented at the ASA-CSSA-SSSA (where ASA-CSSA-SSSA is American Society of Agronomy–Crop Science Society of America–Soil Science Society of America) Annual Meetings from 2014 to 2023 is estimated at $64.2 billion and is presented in this commentary as a thought exercise, highlighting the potential scale of research dissemination in scientific meetings. Scientific meetings are instrumental for propelling the quality and advancement of research via fostering timely feedback, knowledge dissemination, fresh perspectives, stimulation for networking and new collaborations, preparing scientists for public engagement, and addressing contemporary challenges of cultural accessibility and opportunity. Additionally, the broader impacts include near-term benefits to agricultural and environmental scientists that can transform careers and perspectives on the world, especially for students and early career members. The benefits from these impacts on scientists are then anticipated to propagate into broader and longer term positive impacts on humanity worldwide. In this commentary, we offer the above as a provocation to spark peer discussion on evaluating scientific meetings’ contributions, alongside a working list of broader impacts to inspire philosophical and methodological innovations for quantifying their value.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Think outside the plots: Perimeter measurements and spatial modeling mitigate confounding in a 145-year experiment","authors":"Eric Potash,&nbsp;Yuhei Nakayama,&nbsp;Michael Douglass,&nbsp;Guadalupe Gonzalez,&nbsp;Andrew J. Margenot","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Long-term experiments (LTEs) offer unique insights into the effects of agricultural practices on soil organic carbon (SOC). However, early LTEs commonly lack treatment randomization, replication, and initial measurements of SOC. This creates a potential problem of unmeasured confounding. We address this problem using the Morrow Plots (established 1876) as a case study. We start with a standard mixed effects model of SOC and add (i) a spatial kriging component and (ii) SOC measurements in the sod perimeter of the experiment as an additional treatment level. We find that much of the observed SOC variation between treatments after 145 years is not due to treatments but other factors (e.g. initial SOC), attenuating treatment effects by about 50%. Our study demonstrates that creative measurement and innovative modeling can mitigate some deficiencies in early LTEs. However, our improved estimates still have limited precision, suggesting the importance of careful design and measurement in the first place.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}