Anthony Baffoe-Bonnie, David Tanner Martin, Frank Mrema
{"title":"Agricultural extension and advisory services strategies during COVID-19 lockdown","authors":"Anthony Baffoe-Bonnie, David Tanner Martin, Frank Mrema","doi":"10.1002/ael2.20056","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ael2.20056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The COVID-19 lockdown policies that began in 2020 caused an unprecedented shock to developing countries’ agricultural activities, especially those in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. To reduce some of the impacts of COVID-19 events, agricultural extension and advisory personnel created an avenue to assist farmers in these developing countries. However, since COVID-19 protocols restricted public gatherings and close contact activities, agricultural extension activities had to be performed using unconventional ways such as mobile phones, radio, and television. This paper highlights some of the challenges agricultural extension and advisory service personnel encountered using these unconventional means of communication for their activities. We also present some solutions to these challenges that can enable policymakers to enhance agricultural extension activities performed unconventionally.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.20056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43126673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Daren Harmel, Peter Kleinman, Marlen Eve, James A. Ippolito, Sarah Beebout, Jorge Delgado, Bruce Vandenberg, Mike Buser
{"title":"The Partnerships for Data Innovations (PDI): Facilitating data stewardship and catalyzing research engagement in the digital age","authors":"R. Daren Harmel, Peter Kleinman, Marlen Eve, James A. Ippolito, Sarah Beebout, Jorge Delgado, Bruce Vandenberg, Mike Buser","doi":"10.1002/ael2.20055","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ael2.20055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For agricultural research to seize the potential of data-driven technologies, profound changes are needed in the full spectrum of data management, highlighted by a shift of researchers, institutions, and agencies toward a culture of data stewardship. The USDA-ARS established the Partnerships for Data Innovations (PDI) in 2019 to achieve this transformation from within. From the onset, PDI has integrated its customer–partners in developing and implementing state-of-the-art digital tools, leveraging off-the-shelf technologies when advantageous. In its short life, PDI has transformed more than 100 projects, from projects catalyzing collaborative efforts and underpinning information management to those salvaging end-of-life data repositories. Empowered by this active inclusive partnership and through sharing digital solutions on a “Digital Research Workbench” within the ARS Agricultural Collaborative Research Outcomes System infrastructure, PDI hopes to accelerate agricultural research through standardization, automation, and integration and to help usher in a culture of digital age data stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.20055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43141679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laboratory and greenhouse evaluation of four iron fertilizer sources","authors":"R. Jay Goos","doi":"10.1002/ael2.20052","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ael2.20052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A relatively new iron fertilizer in the United States is FeHBED [Fe-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetate], a chelate with a stability constant for ferric iron greater than FeEDDHA [Fe-ethylenediamine-N,N′-bis(o-hydroxyphenylacetate]. This study compared response of soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.] over two greenhouse cropping periods to FeHBED, FeEDDHA-1 (∼80% ortho-ortho isomer), FeEDDHA-2 (∼50% ortho-ortho isomer), and FeEDDHSA [Fe-ethylenediamine-N,N-di([2-hydroxy 5-sulfophenyl])acetate]. FeHBED and FeEDDHA-1 gave positive responses to all measured parameters (chlorophyll level, dry matter production, Fe uptake) that were not significantly different (.05 level) from each other for the two cropping periods. The two products were similar in performance. FeEDDHA-2 and FeEDDHSA generally gave lesser responses than FeHBED or FeEDDHA-1. The relative effectiveness of the four materials to increase dry matter or Fe uptake was predicted by a simple laboratory test, which measures the proportion of applied Fe remaining soluble after a 1-wk incubation with soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.20052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46432779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan M. Duncan, Zachary Respess, William Ryan, Robert Austin, Matthew Royer, Deanna Osmond, Peter Kleinman
{"title":"The Agricultural Conservation Planning Framework: Opportunities and challenges in the eastern United States","authors":"Jonathan M. Duncan, Zachary Respess, William Ryan, Robert Austin, Matthew Royer, Deanna Osmond, Peter Kleinman","doi":"10.1002/ael2.20054","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ael2.20054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Agriculture Conservation Planning Framework (ACPF) applies high-spatial resolution soils and topographic data, now available for many areas of the United States, to precisely locate opportunities for the placement of conservation practices in agricultural watersheds. Application of the ACPF, developed in midwestern landscapes, to watersheds in the eastern United States represents both opportunity and challenge to conservation planning. Based on experience in applying ACPF to eight watersheds in the eastern United States, from Vermont to North Carolina, we assess the toolbox's application in the eastern United States through the lens of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis framework. We see a great future for the ACPF, but its adoption and utility require interaction with scientists and conservation planners familiar with the region to avoid misapplication and ensure appropriate adaptation and interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ael2.20054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45862324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William Osterholz, Matthew D. Ruark, Mark Renz, John H. Grabber
{"title":"Benefits of alfalfa interseeding include reduced residual soil nitrate following corn production","authors":"William Osterholz, Matthew D. Ruark, Mark Renz, John H. Grabber","doi":"10.1002/ael2.20053","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ael2.20053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Interseeding alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) into corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) silage can increase forage production, but the effects on soil nitrate pools remain unknown. We compared soil nitrate pools during and after interseeded alfalfa establishment in corn with pools during production of solo-seeded corn followed by spring-seeded alfalfa. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer was applied at three rates as a preplant broadcast or a 50:50 split between preplant broadcast and banded sidedress applications. During corn growth, soil nitrate levels from 0 to 30 cm were increased by higher N rates but were usually similar for both production systems. However, growth of interseeded alfalfa after corn harvest resulted in substantially lower residual fall and spring soil nitrate levels to a 90 cm depth, particularly under the highest N rate. Additionally, interseeded alfalfa influenced spring nitrate stratification by reducing nitrate in deeper horizons and increasing nitrate in the surface horizon. Interseeded alfalfa can thereby reduce the risk of nitrate leaching.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ael2.20053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48439265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gaurav Jha, Debjani Sihi, Biswanath Dari, Harpreet Kaur, Mallika Arudi Nocco, April Ulery, Kevin Lombard
{"title":"Rapid and inexpensive assessment of soil total iron using Nix Pro color sensor","authors":"Gaurav Jha, Debjani Sihi, Biswanath Dari, Harpreet Kaur, Mallika Arudi Nocco, April Ulery, Kevin Lombard","doi":"10.1002/ael2.20050","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ael2.20050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, an inexpensive Nix Pro (Nix Sensor Ltd.) color sensor was used to develop prediction models for soil iron (Fe) content. Thirty-eight soil samples were collected from five agricultural fields across the Animas watershed to develop and validate soil Fe prediction models. We used color space models to develop three different parameter sets for Fe prediction with Nix Pro. The different color space sets were used to develop three new predictive models for Nix Pro-based Fe content against the lab-based inductively coupled plasma analyzed Fe content. The model performances were assessed using the coefficient of determination, root mean square error, and model <i>p</i>-value. Three models (International Commission on Illumination's lightness, ±a axis (redness to greenness), and ± b axis (yellowness to blueness) [CIEL*a*b]; red, green, blue [RGB]; and cyan, magenta, yellow, key [black] [CMYK]) were significant in predicting the Fe content using colorimetric variables with <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> ranging from 0.79 to 0.81. The mean square prediction error (MSPE) and Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) Index were calculated to validate models and CMYK was predicted to be a better model (MSPE = 0.13; KGE = 0.601) than CIEL*a*b and RGB models. The results suggest Nix Pro is useful in predicting soil Fe content.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ael2.20050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44888619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olivia Victoria LeFevre, Thorsten Knappenberger, Joey Nathan Shaw, Yaniv Olshansky
{"title":"Camera illustration of Indicator of Reduction in Soils (IRIS) reduction dynamics","authors":"Olivia Victoria LeFevre, Thorsten Knappenberger, Joey Nathan Shaw, Yaniv Olshansky","doi":"10.1002/ael2.20051","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ael2.20051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Indicator of Reduction in Soils (IRIS) tubes or films are used with coatings of iron or manganese oxide to observe depth or occurrence of reducing conditions, with coating removal often assessed weekly. We evaluated the use of a rhizosphere camera to capture iron and manganese reduction (coating removal) at high temporal resolution. A rhizosphere tube was coated with iron and manganese oxide (two sections of each oxide) and inserted into a saturated column filled with a surface horizon from a wet soil (Fluvaquent). Images were taken hourly over 28 d and compared with Eh and pH data. Reducing conditions were observed for manganese and iron after 1 and 4 d, respectively. This technology builds upon an existing approach and could be used to evaluate real-time reducing soil conditions with IRIS as well as to improve oxide coating composition and tube/film development (e.g., coating thickness).</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ael2.20051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42361333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rajan Ghimire, Megha N. Parajulee, Pramod Acharya, Dol P. Dhakal, Abdul Hakeem, Katie L. Lewis
{"title":"Soil acidification in a continuous cotton production system","authors":"Rajan Ghimire, Megha N. Parajulee, Pramod Acharya, Dol P. Dhakal, Abdul Hakeem, Katie L. Lewis","doi":"10.1002/ael2.20048","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ael2.20048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N are well established, but their effects on soil acidification and emerging soil health indicators such as labile N and carbon (C) pools are not adequately documented. This research evaluated soil N and C pools and soil pH with long-term N management in continuous cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.) production. Residual soil inorganic N, potentially mineralizable N and C, total N, SOC, pH, and electrical conductivity were measured after 17 yr of continuous N application. Comparison of five N rates (0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg ha<sup>–1</sup>) showed an increase in residual inorganic N pools and decrease in pH with an increase in N application rate, while other parameters did not change significantly. Soil acidification was significant with 168 and 224 kg N ha<sup>–1</sup> rates. Soil pH dropped by 0.039 per kilogram increase in residual inorganic N. Optimizing N rate that minimizes residual inorganic N can reduce soil acidification.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ael2.20048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48108020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toward a standardized statistical methodology comparing optimum nitrogen rates among management practices: A bootstrapping approach","authors":"Hannah R. Francis, Ting Fung Ma, Matthew D. Ruark","doi":"10.1002/ael2.20045","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ael2.20045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There are a range of approaches to compare differences between or among optimum nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates resulting from different management practices; however, this goal lacks statistical standardization. To provide the statistical rigor needed to give clear recommendations for greater or less N need based on specific management practices, we propose a bootstrapping approach that resamples residuals with replacement. While bootstrapping is not new to data processing in agronomic fields, we provide an example of how to conduct residual-resampled bootstrapping with nonlinear regression to identify differences in response curves, optimum N rates, and maximum yields using the FertBoot package in R. Our example dataset provides clear evidence of the value of the bootstrapping approach, as it can aid in determining significant differences between even relatively small differences in optimum N rate. We encourage adoption of this approach as a way to accurately evaluate differences in optimum fertilizer levels between or among treatments to better inform future agronomic decision making.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ael2.20045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48099683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David A. Weisberger, Marshall D. McDaniel, J. G. Arbuckle, Matt Liebman
{"title":"Farmer perspectives on benefits of and barriers to extended crop rotations in Iowa, USA","authors":"David A. Weisberger, Marshall D. McDaniel, J. G. Arbuckle, Matt Liebman","doi":"10.1002/ael2.20049","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ael2.20049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The highly specialized maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) and soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.] production system that dominates midwestern U.S. agriculture has led to widespread on-farm and off-farm degradation of and damage to natural resources. The practice of extending maize–soybean rotations with small grains and forages has great potential to balance production and environmental goals, but adoption of these practices is low. Because little is known about farmers’ perspectives on extended rotations, we conducted social survey research with Iowa farmers to address this knowledge gap. Results show that farmers understand the potential benefits of extended rotations using small grains, but they perceive major barriers to use. The highest-rated barriers were structural, such as lack of markets. Structural barriers cannot be easily addressed by individual farmers, indicating that efforts to address negative impacts of specialized commodity production through extended rotations with small grains will require transformative changes in agri-food policies, programs, and ultimately markets.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ael2.20049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42272044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}