Agricultural & Environmental Letters最新文献

{"title":"Quantifying nitrogen release behavior of enhanced efficiency fertilizers in rainfed cotton through field-based and combustion methods","authors":"Akash Shah,&nbsp;Kulpreet Singh,&nbsp;Satinderpal Singh,&nbsp;Nkem Nwosu,&nbsp;Anmoldeep Singh,&nbsp;Eajaz A. Dar,&nbsp;Ednaldo A. Borgato,&nbsp;Lakesh K. Sharma,&nbsp;Hardeep Singh","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effectiveness of enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers (EENFs) depends on how well the nitrogen (N) release synchronizes with crop demand. A 2-year (2024–2025) mesh-bag study was conducted to quantify N release from six N fertilizer sources under field conditions. The release trajectories were well described by three-parameter logistic model (<i>R</i>²&gt; 0.94). By 63 days after fertilization, urea + polymer-coated urea (PCU 43-0-0) in 50:50 ratio released the greatest proportion of total N, reaching 91% in 2024 and 86% in 2025. In contrast, PCU (42-0-0) released 46% in 2024 and 57% in 2025, whereas PCU (41-0-0) released the lowest across both seasons (37% in 2024 and 34% in 2025). The N release from the field-based method was significantly correlated with the combustion method (<i>r</i> = 0.958, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The findings of this study provide field-based information for selecting EENF source with a release pattern that better aligns with cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.) N demand.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legacy hexaconazole and tricyclazole residues hinder organic transition in paddy rice cultivation","authors":"Suin Cho,&nbsp;Hye-In Joe,&nbsp;Tae-Hwa Kim,&nbsp;Jong-Woo Park,&nbsp;Byeong-Jin Bae,&nbsp;Byeung-Kon Shin,&nbsp;Jeong-In Hwang","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Legacy pesticide contamination poses a critical barrier to organic certification of conventional rice farms. This 3-year study (2021–2023) investigated hexaconazole and tricyclazole persistence in paddy soil, water, rice aboveground biomass (AGB), and grain following foliar application of a premixed formulation to rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> subsp. <i>japonica</i>). Double-exponential modeling revealed biphasic dissipation patterns for both fungicides: rapid initial decline followed by a dominant slow phase (&gt;99%). Rice grain residues remained below maximum residue limits throughout the study; however, hexaconazole in AGB exceeded the animal feed limit (0.01 mg kg⁻¹) at the 2021 harvest. Both fungicides persisted in soil across all three growing seasons, while paddy water residues declined below quantification limits by the third year. These findings indicate that the current mandatory 2-year organic transitional period may be insufficient for farms with a history of hexaconazole and tricyclazole use, warranting extended conversion periods and compound-specific regulatory reassessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saffron aqueous extract effects on paraquat and glyphosate concentration in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) tissues","authors":"Hossein Hammami,&nbsp;Javad Kharkan","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herbicides such as paraquat (PQ) and glyphosate (GLY) pose ecological and public health risks because of their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity to aquatic organisms. This study evaluated whether aqueous saffron extract (<i>Crocus sativus</i> L.) can reduce PQ and GLY accumulation in common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>). Ninety-six fish were assigned to eight groups and exposed for 21 days to PQ, GLY, saffron extract, or their combinations. Residues in gill, intestine, and liver were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. PQ and GLY accumulated in a tissue- and time-dependent manner, with the highest levels in liver, followed by gill and intestine. By Day 21, PQ increased by 19%, 78%, and 88%, while GLY increased by 14%, 22%, and 46% in these tissues, respectively. Co-treatment significantly lowered herbicide residues, suggesting protective effects likely related to antioxidant and/or chelating saffron properties. These findings support saffron bioactive as potential natural mitigators of herbicide toxicity in aquaculture overall.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2025 Annual Report Agricultural & Environmental Letters","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global beef production: Trends, challenges, and opportunities for sustainable development","authors":"Nicolas Caram,&nbsp;Lynn E. Sollenberger,&nbsp;Marcelo O. Wallau,&nbsp;Adegbola Adesogan,&nbsp;Walter E. Baethgen","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sustainable livestock systems require managing trade-offs and synergies across productive, socioeconomic, and environmental dimensions to meet rising global beef demand. We present a biophysical framework to analyze how management-driven energy allocation is manifested through herd size and total and per-head beef productivity. Global and national beef production trajectories (1961–2021) suggest that post-2011 growth has been driven more by stock expansion (0.67% year⁻¹) than by productivity gains (0.46% year⁻¹), contributing to declining per capita beef production. Across regions (e.g., sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and northern South America), reallocating resources from herd expansion (∼2% year⁻¹) toward improving productivity of existing animals (over 900 million head currently operating below the global average of 48 kg carcass eq. animal⁻¹ year⁻¹) emerges as a key pathway to reconcile production and sustainability goals. While dependent on regional contexts, this strategy suggests a substantial opportunity to meet future demand and sustain per capita beef production.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148496785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing spray coverage in peanut canopies using prohexadione calcium","authors":"Satinderpal Singh,&nbsp;Kulpreet Singh,&nbsp;Akash Shah,&nbsp;Anmoldeep Singh,&nbsp;Barry Tillman,&nbsp;Sudeep S. Sidhu,&nbsp;Hardeep Singh","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Excessive vine growth in peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.) can limit fungicide spray penetration, reducing protection against foliar diseases. Prohexadione calcium suppresses vine growth and may improve spray distribution, but its effects on fungicide coverage in peanut remain unclear. A 2-year field study (2024–2025) was conducted at the West Florida Research and Education Center, Jay, FL, to evaluate prohexadione calcium applied at 75% and 100% of the labeled rate on plant height, specific leaf area (SLA), and spray coverage. Prohexadione calcium significantly reduced plant height and SLA, indicating a more compact canopy with thicker leaves. SLA declined from 14.6 to 12.2 cm² g⁻¹ at the 100% rate. Mid-canopy spray coverage increased at the 100% application rate, whereas lower canopy coverage was unaffected. These results demonstrate that prohexadione calcium can improve spray coverage in the peanut mid-canopy. Future research should investigate whether these changes lead to reduced disease severity and yield benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148496779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making gas diffusivity explicit in no-till N2O interpretation","authors":"Jeong-Gu Lee,&nbsp;Sang-Jae Kang","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>No-till can conserve soil and store carbon, yet its effects on N₂O emissions remain inconsistent. Soil gas diffusivity regulates O₂ supply, N₂O production and reduction, and the N₂O/(N₂O + N₂) product ratio, but this control is not always explicit when no-till outcomes are interpreted from surface fluxes alone. We argue that no-till-specific physical organization, including surface residue retention, limited mixing, stratification of C, N, and moisture, and persistent pore architecture, helps explain why no-till N₂O emissions may increase, decrease, or remain unchanged across soils and hydrological conditions. Restricted gas exchange can shift pathway partitioning, delay gas escape, and temporarily retain N₂O before release during drying or drainage. The same constraints can lengthen N₂O residence time and favor reduction to N₂. We recommend event-focused surface flux measurements, optional shallow soil N₂O profiles for a posteriori interpretation, and concurrent gas-exchange indicators including Dp/Do, air-filled porosity, air permeability, bulk density, and water status.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148496754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-thinking corn phosphorus requirements: Can we optimize timing to get by with less?","authors":"Chad J. Penn,&nbsp;Kwame Ampong,&nbsp;James J. Camberato,&nbsp;Mark R. Williams,&nbsp;Haw Yen","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Below-optimum soil phosphorus (P) levels limit crop production, while excess P transported from agricultural landscapes to surface water contributes to eutrophication. Improvements in P-utilization efficiency (PUE) would benefit agro-economic efficiency and water quality. This paper examines the potential for increasing PUE in corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) by altering application timing. The data were utilized from a previous study on P application timing in soil-less media for precise control. Minimum P uptake with no loss in grain yield occurred when sufficient P was exclusively applied between V6 and R1. This resulted in 15% less P uptake compared to receiving sufficient P throughout all growth stages. In contrast, sufficient P application exclusively from R1 to R6 produced nearly half the grain yield and PUE compared to V6 to R1 application. The results suggest that P application at around V6 could allow for reduced P application rates by “feeding the plant” rather than “feeding the soil.”</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148496776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge gap on the spatial structure of soil nitrogen mineralization variability—A systematic review","authors":"Bibash Rokaya,&nbsp;Aaron Lee M. Daigh,&nbsp;Bijesh Maharjan,&nbsp;Javed Iqbal","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil nitrogen (N) mineralization governs plant-available N from soil organic matter and microbial turnover, and is typically estimated as potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) via anaerobic incubations or as N₀ and mineralization rate (<i>k</i>) via long-term aerobic incubations. While these metrics are well studied, their spatial variability and spatial structures (spatial dependence and semivariogram parameters) appear absent in scientific literature. We conducted a systematic review using the Web of Science to identify relevant information on this topic. We examined 140 peer-reviewed publications (1991–2024) matching search terms for spatial variability, geostatistics, and soil N mineralization. Our review revealed a substantial knowledge gap: Only one study addressed spatial variability structures of <i>k</i> or N₀, and only six reported spatial variability of PMN. Reported spatial dependencies ranged from &lt;2.3  to &gt;470 m, varying by land use and ecosystem. This research gap, particularly for mineralization kinetics, warrants further investigation to inform agricultural and environmental modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148343291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microdialysis reveals limits of tannin-mediated nitrous oxide mitigation in slurry-amended soil","authors":"Leanne Peixoto,&nbsp;Shiying Yan,&nbsp;Supriya Verma,&nbsp;Carsten Malisch,&nbsp;Christian Dold","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions following slurry application are highly variable, partly as slurry creates localized soil hotspots where microbial activity and oxygen availability strongly constrain nitrogen cycling. Phenolic compounds released by plant roots have been proposed as biological nitrification inhibitors, but their effectiveness within slurry hotspots remains unknown. Here, we used medical microdialysis to deliver methyl gallate (MG), a simple galloyl ester and structural constituent of hydrolyzable tannins, directly into a defined slurry microsite to test whether biochemical regulation could mitigate N₂O production at the scale where emissions originate. Slurry addition strongly increased CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O emissions, indicating intense microbial activity and oxygen-limited conditions consistent with denitrification dominance. MG did not significantly affect cumulative emissions of N₂O, CO₂, or CH₄. The results suggest that denitrification driven by carbon-induced oxygen depletion may have limited the detectability of any potential effects of MG on nitrification, although limited intrinsic effectiveness of MG under these conditions cannot be excluded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Core Ideas</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Slurry creates oxygen-limited N₂O-producing soil microsites.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Microdialysis enables targeted solute delivery to slurry bands.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Methyl gallate did not reduce N₂O emissions in slurry hotspots.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Carbon-driven oxygen depletion likely dominated N₂O production.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148281925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}