Agricultural & Environmental Letters最新文献

{"title":"Extrafloral nectaries on Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone","authors":"Karen Harris-Shultz,&nbsp;Joseph Knoll,&nbsp;Hutton Koehne,&nbsp;Paola Faustinelli","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pearl millet, <i>Cenchrus americanus</i> (L.) Morrone (formerly <i>Pennisetum glaucum</i> L.), used for food and feed, has pollen that attracts multiple insect species. In 2023, honey bees and wasps were observed foraging on or below the auricles of pearl millet in a Georgia field. In 2025, pearl millet was grown in a greenhouse and found to be secreting extrafloral nectar. This extrafloral nectar was collected and found to be composed of sugars, primarily sucrose but also glucose and fructose, as well as protein. Nectar droplets were seen at the tips of the auricle hairs, on the culm, and on the leaf sheaths. Large amounts of extrafloral nectar accumulated just below the auricle. Magnification of hairs on the auricle revealed the presence of multicellular hairs with bulbous bases. We conjecture that these bulbous structures may function as extrafloral nectaries, which drip nectar from the auricle down onto the culm and leaf sheath. Thus, we report the discovery that pearl millet not only provides pollen for insects but also may provide nectar.</p>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An energy-based aggregate stability method is more management-sensitive than commercial methods in coarse-textured, subtropical orchard soils","authors":"Yaslin N. Gonzalez,&nbsp;Allan R. Bacon,&nbsp;Sarah L. Strauss,&nbsp;Gabriel Maltais-Landry","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>Aggregate stability impacts important soil functions, including carbon/water storage and soil structure. Macroaggregate stability tests, using rainfall simulation or wet sieving, are commonly used, but microaggregate stability tests may be more applicable to subtropical, coarse-textured soils. We compared different cover crops in two sites of different maturities within a commercial citrus orchard in southwest Florida to test the applicability of four aggregate stability methods for coarse-textured soils. Macroaggregate stability tests (i.e., volumetric aggregate stability test, Cornell sprinkle infiltrometer, Eijkelkamp wet sieve apparatus) did not significantly respond to cover cropping. In contrast, all soil dispersion (SD) curve indicators significantly responded in one orchard, with more favorable values in the weedy grower standard relative to the non-legume mixture. Also, most SD indicators were significantly and positively associated with soil protein, total carbon, and carbon mineralization. This study highlights the potential of SD indicators to inform soil health management in coarse-textured, subtropical soils.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Core Ideas</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The management-sensitivity of four aggregate stability methods was tested on coarse-textured, low carbon soils.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Cover crops did not significantly impact macroaggregate stability indexed by wet sieving and rainfall simulation.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Microaggregate stability indicators were responsive to management and correlated with carbon cycling indicators.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentrations of cadmium and arsenic species in rice from production-scale fields in Arkansas under variable water management","authors":"Matt A. Limmer,&nbsp;Beatriz Moreno-García,&nbsp;Benjamin R. K. Runkle,&nbsp;Michele L. Reba,&nbsp;Angelia L. Seyfferth","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) accumulates arsenic when grown under flooded conditions; therefore, alternative water management strategies have shown promise in decreasing grain arsenic. We analyzed polished white rice grain from 103 field-years of production for arsenic and cadmium. Fields were classified into either conventional flood, single aeration, or multiple aeration using measured water level. Only multiple aerations significantly decreased grain total arsenic and inorganic arsenic. Soil pH and clay content were negatively correlated with grain arsenic. Water management did not affect grain cadmium, which remained well below the Food and Agriculture Organization's <i>Codex Alimentarius</i> limit. Overall, 30% of rice grain samples exceeded the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's limit for inorganic arsenic of 0.1 mg/kg in infant rice cereals. When multiple samples were obtained from each field, the relative standard deviation of grain total arsenic was 20%. This study provides field-scale validation of water management across different soils as a control on grain arsenic, although multiple aerations were necessary.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Core Ideas</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We analyzed arsenic and cadmium in 103 field-years of rice grown under different water management conditions.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Multiple mid-season soil aeration events were needed to decrease grain total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, and organic arsenic.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>30% of samples exceeded the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) action level of 0.1 mg/kg grain inorganic arsenic.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Soil pH and clay content were negatively correlated with grain arsenic.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Grain cadmium remained very low even under multiple soil aeration events.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method to estimate weed canopy coverage using Canopeo in soybean","authors":"Lucas Dias Mendonca,&nbsp;Alexander J. Lindsey,&nbsp;Alyssa Essman,&nbsp;Laura E. Lindsey","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>Weed growth measurements, such as weed population density and biomass, are valuable but often time-consuming, labor intensive, and destructive to collect. This study evaluated an innovative method using Canopeo, a mobile application, for its ability to estimate weed canopy coverage and compare it to traditional measurements in soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.]. A method was developed to quantify weed canopy coverage by subtracting soybean coverage from total canopy coverage. Soybean canopy coverage was isolated by using a cardboard barrier. Results showed a strong positive correlation between Canopeo-estimated weed canopy coverage and traditional weed growth parameters, including weed density (<i>r</i> = 0.78, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and weed aboveground biomass (<i>r</i> = 0.78, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). The cardboard barrier method provided accurate weed canopy coverage estimations, particularly during early soybean development (V1–V2 growth stages), when effective weed control is critical.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Core Ideas</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Weed canopy coverage correlated strongly with weed density and biomass.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Stronger correlation was seen during early development stages of soybean.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>This canopy isolation method can be implemented to quantify weed canopies in soybean.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148281890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of natural environmental factors on growth and tuber production of Tacca leontopetaloides (Polynesian arrowroot), an underutilized food crop","authors":"Loyapin Bondé,&nbsp;Dramane A. Tinto,&nbsp;Nebnoma R. Tiendrebeogo,&nbsp;Faouzi A. 1er Jumeau Ouédraogo,&nbsp;Oumarou Ouédraogo,&nbsp;Joseph I. Boussim","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the effects of natural environmental factors on growth and tuber production of <i>Tacca leontopetaloides</i> (L.) Kuntze. Data were collected from 74 plots installed in natural vegetation across different climate and soil conditions in Burkina Faso. Results showed that the climate zone has a significant influence on total height, leaf area, and tuber weight of the species (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.05, respectively), with the highest values in the rainiest zone. Soil texture exhibited a significant effect on tuber weight (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.05). The highest tuber yield was recorded on sandy loam soils and the lowest on sandy clay soils, with mean values estimated at 20.72 ± 23.48 and 9.6 ± 4.13 kg ha⁻¹, respectively. Land cover, soil potassium, and phosphorus positively influenced tuber weight of the species, while only phosphorus significantly affected aboveground growth traits (total height and leaf area). Our findings could inform the domestication strategies of <i>T. leontopetaloides</i> in dry tropical areas and contribute to food security.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Core Ideas</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Tuber yield of <i>Tacca leontopetaloides</i> increased with the rainfall gradient.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Land cover positively influenced the tuber weight of <i>Tacca leontopetaloides</i>.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Sandy loam soils exhibited the highest tuber yield.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Soil phosphorus significantly affected plant aboveground growth traits.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Phosphorus and potassium are key soil nutrients stimulating tuber production of the species.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148049388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148085594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148048007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148077420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148069651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}