Agricultural & Environmental Letters最新文献

{"title":"Legacy effects of 41 years of tillage and fertilization on biological nitrogen fixation and nutritional status of hairy vetch in a continuous cotton system","authors":"Facundo Lussich,&nbsp;Jashanjeet Kaur Dhaliwal,&nbsp;Sindhu Jagadamma,&nbsp;Debasish Saha","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>Legume cover crops (CCs) rely on a dynamic contribution of soil-derived nitrogen (N) and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) to maintain optimum N status, yet how long-term agronomic management shapes this relative contribution remains poorly understood. This study leveraged a 41-year continuous cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum L</i>.) system to evaluate how legacy effects of tillage and N fertilization influence BNF, legume N nutritional status, and N sources in hairy vetch (<i>Vicia villosa</i>). Using the ¹⁵N natural abundance method and multivariate analyses, we found that tillage was the dominant factor affecting N dynamics: no-till (NT) plots exhibited higher N status, soil organic matter, soil-derived N, and total N uptake than conventional tillage. Fertilization effects were less pronounced but modulated BNF efficiency. However, NT alone was insufficient to overcome N limitation under unfertilized conditions, as indicated by similarly low nitrogen nutrition index values and overlapping distributions in both CT-0N and NT-0N treatments, highlighting the need for integrated management. These findings underscore how legacy effects of long-term practices shape N acquisition by legumes and support combining NT with crop rotation-specific N fertilization to optimize N inputs and sustain CC performance in low-input systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Core Ideas</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Hairy vetch grown under conventional tillage was more limited by N than no-till, with differences widening at higher N fertilization rates.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Atmospheric N contribution was higher under conventional tillage than no-till, with greater differences at higher fertilization rates.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>No-till was associated with higher soil organic matter and soil N uptake, supporting improved legume N status.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>No-till alone was insufficient to prevent N limitation in hairy vetch under unfertilized conditions.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148047284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148092199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil health as nonequilibrium flow: Bridging a persistent conceptual-to-computational inconsistency","authors":"Aaron Lee M. Daigh,&nbsp;Umesh Acharya,&nbsp;Uday Bhanu Prakash Vaddevolu,&nbsp;Randy S. Nelson,&nbsp;Bibash Rokaya,&nbsp;Gautam Takoo,&nbsp;Jill M. D. Motschenbacher,&nbsp;Bijesh Maharjan","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>Soil health concepts emphasize soil aggregation and structure as central indicators of healthy, functioning soils, yet this emphasis carries an implicit acknowledgment rarely made explicit in models: aggregated soils exhibit nonequilibrium water flow behaviors through preferential pathways. Despite recognition of preferential flows, dating to 1864, and extensive development of nonequilibrium modeling frameworks (e.g., dual-porosity, dual-permeability, and multi-region models), large-scale modeling persistently relies on uniform, equilibrium flow assumptions. The soil science community possesses the theoretical knowledge and mathematical tools to describe nonequilibrium flows, yet practical barriers limit integration into soil health assessments. Bridging this gap requires developing practical parameter estimation protocols, augmenting existing soil-health datasets with nonequilibrium flow characteristics, conducting intercomparison studies, and fostering collaboration between experimentalists and modelers. Evolving beyond static indicators toward mechanistic, process-based dynamics may allow soil health concepts to become internally consistent with the inherent nonequilibrium nature of aggregated soils.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Core Ideas</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Soil health emphasizes aggregation, yet aggregated soils inherently exhibit nonequilibrium flow.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Large-scale models still use equilibrium assumptions despite a century of nonequilibrium flow knowledge.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Parameterization barriers prevent implementing nonequilibrium models at field and landscape scales.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Bridging this gap requires practical protocols and recognizing soil health as nonequilibrium processes.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147585051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148049946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148045606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148091321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Windbreak effects may affect short-stature and tall-stature corn comparisons","authors":"Roger W. Elmore,&nbsp;Osler Ortez,&nbsp;Alexander Lindsey","doi":"10.1002/ael2.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>Short-stature corn (SSC) may improve crop standability while maintaining yield potential relative to conventional tall-stature corn (TSC). Modern SSCs range from 0.6 to 1.6 m shorter than TSC counterparts. Researchers compare hybrid types utilizing small borders to account for shading effects. But borders should account not only for shading but also for windbreak effects. With TSC adjacent to SSC, wind speeds over SSC could be reduced at distances of 25–30 times the SSC versus TSC height differential (∆H), based on estimates from windbreak literature; for height differentials of 0.6 m, wind speeds might be reduced 15–18 m leeward of the TSC. Lower wind speeds over SSC could reduce plant lodging and affect parameters including yield. These effects, if unaccounted, could inflate research results in favor of SSC over TSC. Researchers certainly should border plots by mitigating for not only shade but also windbreak effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Core Ideas</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Short-stature corn hybrids may improve standability and maintain yields.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>To compare adjacent short-stature corn (SSC) and tall-stature corn (TSC), use borders to account for shade and windbreak effects.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Disregarding windbreak effects may inflate SSC yields and favor SSC over TSC.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Including sufficient design and methodology information is necessary so readers can replicate experiments.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>This calls for research on windbreak effects in annual crops, like corn, with small ∆H values.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ael2.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148081653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48502,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148048508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}